1、 初三英语中考复习- 宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句讲解及练习一 状语从句复习1. 时间状语从句在句中相当于时间状语的从句叫时间状语从句, 常由 as soon as, when, while, as, after, before, since, ever since, until, every time, each time, next time等引导。As soon as you arrive, give me a phone call. 你一到就给我来电话.Mary was reading when I left. 我走的时候玛丽正在读书.While I played the piano,
2、 sister did her homework. 我在谈钢琴,姐姐在做功课.You cant leave until you go through with your work. 不完成这项工作你不能走。注意: 1. 用 until引导时间状语从句时, 主句应用可持续性动词,如果主句是非持续性动词,则主句用否定形式. 如:I wont go until you come back. 你回来了我再走.2. 在时间状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示一般将来时, 用一般过去时表示过去将来时. 如:Dont forget to bring your DV4000 camera here when you
3、 come. 你来的时候别忘了带DV4000摄像机.3. 在由 since 引导的时间状语从句中, 主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时. 也可用 “It is + 一段时间 + since (引导一般过去时的从句)”句型. 如:He has worked in that company since he graduated from Wuhan University. 他毕业以来就一直在那个公司工作.2.地点状语从句在句中相当于地点状语的从句叫地点状语从句.引导地点状语从句的常用词有 where, anywhere, somewhere等.Make marks where you have q
4、uestions. 在有问题的地方作出标记.You can go anywhere you like. 你可以到你想去的任何地方.Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成.3. 原因状语从句在句中相当于原因状语的从句叫原因状语从句. 引导原因状语从句的常用词有 because, as, since, for 等.Roman was absent from school because he was ill. 罗曼病了, 没有上学.As Parker was in a hurry, he left this bag home. 由于派克太匆忙才把
5、包丢家里了.Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldnt always criticize him. 既然每个人都会犯错误, 你不该总是批评他。4. 目的状语从句在句中相当于目的状语的从句叫目的状语从句. 常用 in order that, so that引导, 译为 “为了,以致, 以便”.Rhonda spoke very slowly in order that we could follow. 朗达讲话很慢, 以便我们大家都能跟上.Well sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear mor
6、e clearly. 我们坐在大厅的前面，以便听得更清.5. 结果状语从句在句中相当于结果状语的从句叫结果状语从句.常用来引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有 so that, sothat, such that等, 译为 “如此以致于”, “结果”.Miss Gao is so kind that we all respect her. 高老师很和蔼，我们都很尊敬她.This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice. 这音乐太好了, 值得听两遍.6. 条件状语从句在句中相当于条件状语的从句叫条件状语从句. 常用来引导条件状
7、语从句的连词有 if, unless, as/so long as, once等.If you correct all your mistakes, your work is nice. 如果你能把所有的错误改正, 你的工作就很出色.As long as you promise to go, Ill surely go. 只要你答应去, 我当然去.Once you begin, you must continue. 你一旦开始，便不可停下来.You cannot succeed unless you work hard. 如果不努力， 你是不会成功的.注意: 由 if 引导的条件状语从句,不管
8、主句是用一般将来时还是一般现在时,或当主句是祈使句时, 从句都用一般现在时; 主句是过去将来时, 从句用一般过去时.If the weather is fine tomorrow, well go hiking. 明天天气好的话, 我们就去徒步旅行.7. 让步状语从句在句中相当于让步状语的从句叫让步状语从句, 常用的引导词有 though, although, even though, even if, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, whosever, whenever, wherever, however 等.Although/ Though
9、 Toby works very hard, (yet) she makes very slow progress. 尽管托比很努力,但进步还是不大。Even though/ if you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这么说，我也不信.Whatever you do, you should do it well. 不管做什么事, 都要做好.8. 比较状语从句用来进行比较的状语从句叫比较状语从句,常用来引导比较状语从句的连词有 asas, not as/so as, than等.Carol speaks English as well as you do.卡罗
10、尔英语说得和你一样好.He does not run so fast as his brother. 他不如他弟弟跑得快.Burton was more successful than we had expected. 伯顿比我们想象的要成功得多.9. 方式状语从句在句中用作方式状语的从句叫方式状语从句, 常用来引导方式状语从句的连词主要有 as, as if, as though等.You should do as I tell you. 你应当按我告诉你懂得去做.It looks as if/ as though it is going to rain. 看来要下雨了.练习1. If it
11、 sunny tomorrow, I fishing in South Lake.A. is, go B. will be, go C. is, will go D. will be, will go2. Im sorry to hear that Bill failed exam again.-Dont worry about him. Im sure that he will never give up until he .A. succeed B. succeeds C. succeeded3. Lucy, what about going camping if it tomorrow?
12、-Sounds great!A. didnt rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain D. hasnt rain4. There is going to a sports meeting next week. If it , well have to cancel it.A. be, will rain B. have, will rain C. be, rains5. Could you please tell Peter that I want to talk to him?-Sure. I will let him know as soon as he back
13、.A. comes B. came C. has come D. will come6. You do much better youre more careful with your spelling.A. if B. before C. although D. unless7. Peter was tired that he couldnt continue running.A. very B. too C. so8. It was snowing hard, we had to stay at home and watch TV.A. that B. so C. but D. becau
14、se9. Why did you come to school late this morning?- I watched the Football World Cup until 12 oclock last night.A. If B. Because C. Since D. though10. My grandma didnt go to sleep I got back home.A. where B. until C. as soon as D. while11. Mary, what about going boating if it tomorrow?-Good idea.A.
15、not rain B. will rain C. doesnt rain D. wont rain12. Ask your friend to call me back as soon as she back tomorrow.A. will come B. comes C. coming13. Jack, you look tired today. Whats wrong?-I was busy I didnt go to bed until midnight yesterday.A. too, to B. enough, to C. so, that D. such, that14. Te
16、ll him about the news when he , John. Yes, I will.A. comes B. will come C. would come D. is coming15. I tried to call you I heard from him, but you were not in.A. since B. while C. until D. as soon as16. It ten years since we last in Beijing.A. was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet17. N
17、one of us knew what had happened we heard the news on radio.A. after B. until C. when18. Mrs Shute wouldnt leave the TV set, her children were waiting for their supper.A. if B. because C. even though D. as soon as二 宾语从句复习要点学习宾语从句,我们应该注意三个方面：连接词、语序和时态。一、连接词 1. that引导宾语从句时,that 只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,常可
18、省略。如:I know(that) he is a Canadian athlete. 2. whether或 if引导宾语从句时,whether 或 if在句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。如:I dont know whether/ if my parents agree with me. 注意:与 or not直接连用时只能用 whether不可用 if。如:He didnt say whether or not he would be staying here.3. what, who, whose, which等连接代词和 when, where, how, why等连接副
19、词引导宾语从句时,这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不能省略。如:He didnt understand what the teacher said. I dont know when we will have a meeting. 二、语序1. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句须用陈述句语序。如:Do you know where he lives? 2. 当主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等词时,宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中,译为汉语时,仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。否定转移句的主语一般是第
20、一人称。如:I dont think (that) Tom is wrong. 我认为汤姆没错。三、时态1. 当主句的谓语动词是现在时态或一般将来时的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要使用各种时态。但如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词也必须使用相应的过去时态。如:I want to know how he came yesterday. She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon. 2. 宾语从句表述的是客观事实或普遍真理时,不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态,宾语从句仍使用一般现在时。如:The teacher told us that
21、 the moon moves around the earth.用法注意一、if 和 when既能引导宾语从句,又能引导状语从句。因此,一定要认清它们一种形式的“两副面孔”,从而准确地判断句子的类型。如:I dont know if / when he will come tomorrow. (宾语从句) If / When he comes, Ill tell you about it.(状语从句)二、 宾语从句与简单句含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以变为简单句。该知识点在句型转换的题型中经常会作为考点出现。现归纳如下:1. 在某些由疑问词(why 除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语
22、与主句的主语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的宾语。如:I want to know how I can open the door.I want to know how to open the door. 2. 在某些由疑问词(why 除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句谓语动词的间接宾语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的复合宾语。如:Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?Could yo
23、u tell me how to get to the post office?3. 在某些由 that引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。【变法】原复合句可变为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型。如: We found that the boy was very clever.We found the boy very clever. I saw that they were playing basketball there. I saw them playing basketball there.Exercises1.I want to kno
24、w_the day after tomorrow.A.what he will do B.what will he do C.what he did D.what did he do2.-Could you please tell me_?-Its next to the post office.A.where is the supermarket. B.where the supermarket isC. where was the supermarket D.where the supermarket was3.No one can be sure_in a million years.A
25、.what man looks like B.what will man look likeC.man will look like what D.what man will look like4.-Could you tell me_tomorrow morning?-Well,it will start at 9:00 oclock.A.when the meeting will start B.where will the meeting startC.where the meeting starts D.when the meeting would start5.-Could you
26、tell me how long_the book?-Three days.A. I can keep B.Can I borrow C.I can borrow D.can I keep6.Liu Lings mother wanted to know_.A.if she studied hard at school B.how did she study at schoolC.what did she study at school7.Excuse me,could you please tell me which gate_?A.we have to go to B.we had to
27、go to C.do we have to go to D.did we have to go to8.Can you describe_?A.what your friend is like B.how your friend is likeC.what does your friend look like D.how your friend looks like9.-Can you make sure_?-Sorry,I cant.But I did see her just now.A.where did she go B.where she had gone C.where she h
28、as gone D.where will she go10.He asked his classmate where_.A.does his teacher see the film B.his teacher saw the filmC.did his teacher see the film11.-By the way,do you know the National Spelling Bee?-No,I never heard of it. Tell me_,please.A.what is it B.what it is C. it is what D.is it what12.Our
29、 teacher asked me_.A.what was Ann doing these days B.why Peter didnt come to school yesterdayC.when will the dolphin show begin D.how long I usually spend on my homework13.“Excuse me,do you know _?” “Sorry,I dont know.”A.where is No.1 Middle School B.where No.1 Middle School isC.No.1 Middle School i
30、s where D.No.1 Middle School where is14.-How does she come to school?-Pardon?-I asked how _ to school.A.did she come B.she came C.does she come15.Do you know _ this time yesterday?A.what she is cooking B.what is she cookingC.what she was cooking D.what was she cooking16.The teacher asked Lucy_.A.whe
31、re does she come from B.what did she like bestC.if she could speak Chinese D.when was she born17.Dont worry.Ill tell Mr.Green_he comes back.A.when B.how C.why D.where18.-We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet.-Really? Will you please show me_?A.how can I use B.how I can use C.how can
32、 I use it D.how I can use it19.The foreigner asked me_ I could speak English.A.if B.what C.that20.The shoes are neither cheap nor comfortable. I cant understand_ women like buying them.A.why B.when C.whether D.how初中英语定语从句讲解及练习一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系
33、词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 where, when, why等。关系词常有 3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is
34、 the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词 whom在口语和非正式语体中常用 who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bough
35、t yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once liv
36、ed in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介词+关系代词引导的定
37、语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) Well go to hear
38、 the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若
39、介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who或者 that；指物时用 which，不能用 that；关系代词是所有格时用 whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comf
40、ortable. (F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from
41、big cities.解答“介词+关系代词 “类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom简析:本题定语从句中的 turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语 “turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）“。所以，D 是正确选项
42、。四关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Plea
43、se tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew
44、 up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 关系副词 when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which“结构，因此常常和“介词+ which“结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for wh
45、ich) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 19
46、49, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）难点分析（一）限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况1当先行词是 an
47、ything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.
48、(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被 the very, the only修饰时(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who(3) Wang Hua is the only person
