1、。定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中 ,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。定语从句在句子中的功能类似于一个形容词用于修饰名词或代词，由于它是以句子为单位的超大号形容词（较长），所以一般放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面，而被修饰的名词或代词放在定语从句前，叫做先行词。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括：that, which, who(宾格 whom, 所有格 whose) 等,在从句中做主、宾、表、定语等成分。常见的关系副词包括： where, when, why等。在从句中做时
2、间、地点、原因等状语。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去 ,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用 ,如省去 ,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人 ,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语 ,作主语时不可省略 ,作宾语可省略。例如 :Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 (that 作
3、主语 )The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 (that 作宾语 )2.which 用于指物 ,在句中作主语或宾语 ,作主语不可省略 ,作宾语可省略。例如 :The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语 )The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。 (作宾语 )3.who, whom用于指人 ,wh
4、o 用作主语 ,whom用作宾语。在口语中 , 有时可用 who 代替 whom, 也可省略。例如 :The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语 )Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁 ?(作宾语 )注意:(1) 当定语从句中含有介词 ,介词放在句末时 ,who, that, which可省略 ,但介词在关系代词前时 ,只能用 “介词+which/whom”结构。例如 :This is
5、the housein whichwe lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。This is the housethat we lived in last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 （这里不能用 in that ）Please tell mefrom whomyou borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。Please tell mewho you borrowed the English novel from.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2) 含有介词的固定动词词组中 ,介词不可前置 ,只能放在原来的位置上。
6、例如 :This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that作介词的宾语时 ,介词不能放它的前面 ,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。(4) 关系词只能用 that的情况 :-可编辑修改 -。a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用 that, 而不用 which. 例如 :He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一
7、个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时 ,只能用 that, 而不用 which. 例如 :Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时 , 只能用 that, 而不用 which. 例如 :This is the same bike that I lost.这就
8、是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用 that,而不用 which. 例如 :I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以 who 或 which引导的特殊疑问句 , 为避免重复 ,只能用 that. 例如 :Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是 there be结构 ,修饰主语的定语从句用that, 而不用 which. 例如:There is a book
9、on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。(5) 关系词只能用 which, 而不用 that 的情况 :a.先行词为 that, those 时,用 which,而不用 that. 例如 :What s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 ?b.关系代词前有介词时 ,一般用 which,而不用 that. 例如 :This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句 ,用 which, 而不用 that. 例如 :Tom came back
10、, which made us happy.汤姆回来了 ,这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when 指时间 ,其先行词表示时间 ,在句中作时间状语。例如 :This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where 指地点 , 其先行词表示地点 ,在句中作地点状语。例如 :This is place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。(3)why 指原因 ,其先行词是原因 ,起原因状语作用。例如 :Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上
11、学总迟到。一、用关系代词（ that 、which、who 、 whom 、whose ）或关系副词（ when 、 where 、 why ）填空。1This is the man _wants to see you.2The student_answered the question is Zhang Hua.3The manyou went to see has come.4ThemanmetI yesterday lent me some money.5Thewomanyou saw is our geography teacher.6Here is the penyou lost t
12、he day before yesterday.7These booksyou lent me were very useful.8A clock is a machinetells peoplethe time.-可编辑修改 -。9This is the shirt _boughtIyesterday.10 The bookis onthe tableis mine.11Thefilmtheyare talkingaboutis veryinteresting.12I willneverforgetthepeople and the placesI have ever visited.13I
13、s thereanyone_familyis in Beijing?14Show me the boy _motheris a well-knownsinger.15The boy_father is a teacheris goodat English.16.I dontknowthereasonhe was late for the class.17A birthdayis the date _one was born.18Do youknowthe reason_no onequestionedAristotlestheoryfor about 2,000 years?19Do you
14、still rememberthe days _wespenttogetherlast term?20Shanghaiis thecityI was born.21The houseI lived ten yearsagohas beenpulleddown.22I stillrememberthe day _firstI came to the school.23 The time_wegot togetherfinallycame.24Please tellme the reasonyou missed the plane.25.I don tknow thereason_he looks
15、unhappytoday.26EverythingI know will be taughtto thestudents.27Thisis thebestfilmI have everseen.28The managerwalkedtoward the gate_the workersare waiting.29.You can tgointothis room_they are havinga meeting.30 I still rememberthe dayswe studiedtogether.31The picture_has a house andflowersis theone
16、I like best.32He failed in theexam, _surprisedus all .33.Her parentswouldntlet her marryanyone_familywas poor.34Tom, _parentsare poor workers,alwaysgoeshungry.二、单项选择。()1. This is thebag_my motherboughtyesterday.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this()2. The man_lives nextto us is my Englishteacher.A. whomB. wh
17、ichC. whoD. /()3. The girl_yousaw in the street is Mary.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as()4. Is this thefactory_a lot of studentsvisitedyesterday?A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. whom ()5. Is this factory_a lotof studentsvisitedyesterday?-可编辑修改 -。A. theoneB. thatC. whichD. / ()6. The onlylanguage_is easy to l
18、earnis the mothertongue.A. whichB. thatC. /D. it()7. The girl handedeverything_she had pickedup in thestreetto thepolice.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all()8. _cleanstheblackboardshouldbe praised.A. ThatB. WhoC. The one who D. The studentswho()9. Please showme the book_you boughtyesterday.A. whichB.
19、whomC. whoseD. this()10. This is thebestbook_I have been lookingfor all thisyear.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /()11. This is theonlyarticleof thesethat _writtenby him.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are()12. The man_was here just now is a doctor.A. whomB. whoC. /D. he()13. The boy_has two lovely dogs.A. wholivenext
20、doorB. which lives next doorC. whomlives nextdoorD. that lives next door()14. Those _madeno mistakesin today s exercises please raise yourhands.A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who()15. Don tgo in, this is theshop _we have just been_.A. /, toB. that,/C. where,toD. which,there()16. Heis the mostcarefulboy _I
21、 know.A. whatB. whichC. asD. ./()17. This is theschool_Mr. Smith once taught.A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there()18. Have you visitedthehouse _the famous scientistwas born?A. whereB. in thatC. thatD. which()19. The factory_Mr. Li used to work was closedlast week.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which()20. Do
22、you still rememberthe day _we first met?A. thatB. whenC. whatD. on that()21. Thetime_we studiedtogetheris not easilyforgotten.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. in which()22. October1,1949is theday _we ll neverforget.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. in which()23. October1,1949was theday _the People sRepublicof China
23、was-可编辑修改 -。founded.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. in which()24. Is thisthe shop_sells children s clothing?()25. Is thismuseum_they visitedlast month?()26. I still rememberthe sitting-room_my motherevening.A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. whatA. thatB. whichC. whereD. the oneand I used to sit in theA. whatB
24、. whichC. thatD. where三、句型转换1 The film is interesting.They saw it last night._2The studentswill not pass the exam.They don tworkhard._3The lady is our teacher. You saw herjust now._4I was readinga book.The book is about a boy._5He is the young writerHe wrote the book _6I likeChinesetea withnothingin
25、 it.Ilike Chinese tea _nothingin it 7Thegirl whois wearingtheredcoatis very clever The girlthe redcoatis very clever 8Thestrangething withthree legs was used for drinkinglongbeforeThe strange thing _threelegs was used for drinkinglongbefore 参考答案答案：1. that2. that3. where4. where5. when6. which/that8.
26、 which9. that10. whose11. whose一 单项选择定语从句 15 A C A B A610 B C C A D1115C B D D A 1620D C A B B2126B B B A D D二 在下列定语从句中，用适当的介词填空。1. with2. through3. from4. by5. of6. under7. without8. to9. in10. at11. on12. on13. of14. against15. of-可编辑修改 -。I. 单项填空。1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your fathe
27、r? -Yes, he s our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim?A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that
28、 you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who s B. whose C. that of which.
29、8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in . 用适当的关系代
30、词 that, which, who, whom填空。1.The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didn tyou see the man _I talked with just now?答案： CBCACABCCBThat ,which ,which ,who ,whom .-可编辑修改 -
