1、定语从句讲解一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定 语 定 语 用 来 限 定 、 修 饰 名 词 或 代 词 的 ， 是 对 名 词 或 代 词 起 修 饰 、 限 定 作 用 的 词 、 短 语 （ 动 词 不定 式 短 语 、 动 名 词 短 语 和 分 词 短 语 ） 或 句 子 ， 汉 语 中 常 用 的 表 示 。 主 要 由 形 容 词 担 任 ， 此外 ， 名 词 ， 代 词 ， 数 词 ， 分 词 ， 副 词 ， 不 定 式 以 及 介 词 短 语 也 可 以 来 担 任 ， 也 可 以 由 一 个 句 子 来 担任 。 单 词 作 定 语 时 通 常
2、 放 在 它 所 修 饰 的 词 之 前 ， 作 前 置 定 语 。 短 语 和 从 句 作 定 语 时 则 放 在 所 修 饰 的 词之 后 ， 作 后 置 定 语 。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that, which, who(宾格 who, 所有
3、格 whose)和关系副词 where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和
4、非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省
5、略。(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语 )5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door
6、 is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?注：that 用法(1)不 用 that 的 情 况 (a) 在 引 导 非 限 定 性 定 语 从 句 时 。 (错 )The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is
7、 very famous here. (b) 介 词 后 不 能 用 。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只 能 用 that 作 为 定 语 从 句 的 关 系 代 词 的 情 况 (a) 在 there be 句 型 中 ， 只 用 that， 不 用 which。 (b) 在 不 定 代 词 ， 如 ： anything, nothing, the one, all 等 作 先 行 词 时 ， 只 用 t
8、hat， 不用 which。 (c) 先 行 词 有 the only, the very,the same,the last,just 修 饰 时 ， 只 用 that。 (d) 先 行 词 为 序 数 词 、 数 词 、 形 容 词 最 高 级 时 ， 只 用 that,不 能 用 which。 . (e) 先 行 词 既 有 人 ， 又 有 物 时 。 (f) 先 行 词 指 物 ， 在 主 句 中 作 表 语 时 (g) 为 了 避 免 重 复 (h)先 行 词 是 the way 或 the reason 时 ， that 可 作 关 系 副 词 ， 也 可 省 略 (i) 主 句
9、的 主 语 是 疑 问 词 who /which 时 举 例 ： Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这 是 你 在 图 书 馆 借 的 那 本 书 吗 ？ Who that break the window should be punished 谁 打 碎 了 窗 户 都 要 受 到 惩 罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所 需 的 只 是 供 油 问 题 。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to t
10、he police. 那 贼 最 终 把 偷 的 全 部 东 西 交 给 了 警 察 。 三、关系副词引导定语从句关 系 副 词 关 系 副 词 ： 在 句 中 作 状 语 关 系 副 词 =介 词 +关 系 代 词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where
11、I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down. 2. when 引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用 when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用 that 引导。 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed ther
12、e for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why 指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason wh
13、y you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能
14、省略。 2）that 前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词“ 结构可以同关系副词when ,where 和 why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason
15、 why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. 练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. Th
16、ey said something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else wh
17、o collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man _ wants
18、to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ you went to see has come.4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. T
19、he man _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14. A
20、dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ is on the table is mine.16. The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy _ mother is a w
21、ell-known singer.20. The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing.A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. Whats the name of the program_.A. which are listening B. you are listening toC. to that you are listening D. that you a
22、re listening( ) 3. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday.A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office_ was invited.A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year.A. where B. in which C. whic
23、h D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened.A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_?A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talkC. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_ windows face south.A. whose B. whos C. its D. its( ) 9. Would you
24、 tell me where to get the dictionary _?A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( )10. The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that 三选择 1-5 ADACC 6-10 ACABB练习(二)1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D.
25、 those 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts A. how you have ob
26、served B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost
27、 bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in
28、 the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who le
29、arn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you
30、 talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one w
31、hat 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which
32、 C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _ the A
33、merican astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relati
34、ves. A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 30. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that 参考答案15 AADBA 610 ABCCA 1115 AADAD 1620 CDDBC 2125 ACBDC 2630 AADAD
