1、 数词1.定义与分类:数词是用来表示事物的数目和顺序的词,表示多少的词叫做基数词,one two three four 表示第几的词叫做序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth 等等。2.作用:主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 同位语 It is six there are six bookSix is ok I want to buy six We six always get up early at six 注意数次作定语的用法:数词+名词(单数)+ 形容词 a five-year old girl 3.基数词的构成及其用法英语中最基本的基数词有:(2
2、)其他基数词的构成1)21-99 十位个位之间要加连词符号(-)2)101-999 等三位数中十位数或个位数的前面加 and .101 one hundred and one 513 five hundred and thirteen 678 six hundred and seventy-eight 123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708
3、090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a) hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveone hundred and one3)1000 以上的数要用计数逗点,从个位开始每个三位数加一个逗点。第一个逗点处是 thousand 第二个逗点是百万 million 第三个逗点处是十亿 billion。1,000 4,596,786 18,458 怎么读?怎么写?4)基数词常以单数出现但是当基数词用作名词时可有复数形式。She has got three fives 数词 hundred thou
4、sand million 前面有数词时表示确数不用复数形式,但是其后接 of 短语所表示的一个约数时用复数形式。Three hundred desks hundreds of desks 6)dozen 表示一打(12 个)和 score(20 个)也是一个量的单位,其前有具体的数字或者 several 修饰时也不可加 s 表示一个确数 ,但是当他们不与具体的数词或 several 连用的时候要用复数表示约数。Three dozen books dozens of books 4.序数词的构成及其用法(1)一般序数词1000th one thousandth, 1000000th one mi
5、llionth., 第 703the seven hundred and third, 第 5480the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.(2)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如:thirty-sixth, forty-fifth(3)使用序数词时一般加定冠词 the. 如:Im in the third grade.(4)序数词前有不定冠词 a 表示再一 又一的意思A second time a third one After eating two cakes ,he ate a third one .5.分数的构
6、成和用法分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子是 1 时分母用单数,分子是 2 时分母用复数。1/2 可以用 half 表示,四分之一可以用 quarter 表示。读带分数时,先读整数部分,再读分数部分,中间用 and 连接。 1/5one fifth ; 2/3 two thirds ; 4/7 four sevenths ; 1/2 a half ; 1/4a quarter ; 3/4 three quarters ; 50% fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent).32 thirty-two and three eighths 6.小数的构成及用法整数与小数之间
7、用小数点隔开,读小数时每位数字要单独读出,小数点读 point 0 读 zero 。0.1 zero point one 0.03 zero point zero three 2.25 two point two five 14.163 fourteen point one six three注意:1)和带分数连用的名词用复数 2)如果带分数的整数部分是 1 名词在带分数之后用复数,名 词在 1 和分数之间时,名词要用单数。One apple and a third one and one third apples .3)与小数连用的名词,整数是零时名词用单数,其他情况名词要用复数。1st2n
8、d3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12thfirstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th100thtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethn
9、inetiethone undredth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthone hundred and first7.百分数的构成和用法5% 5 per cent 22% twenty-three per cent8.倍数的构成及其用法1)倍数的表达法2 倍 twice double 3 倍 three times triple 4 倍及以上:基数词+times 2)倍数比较的表达法a A be 数+as+原级 adj adv +asB This desk is as big as th
10、at one . b A be 数 +times + 比较级 + than B This desk is three times bigger than that one .c A be 数 times +the +n(length height size weight breadth value )of B This desk is three times the size of that one .3)倍数增减的表达法 increase go up rise grow decrease reduce drop fall go down 等词 后面+by 表示增减了多少+to 表示增建到多少
11、The members have increased by 1,000. to 1,000.9.每隔 每逢的表达法Every +基数词 +复数名词 every +序数词 +单数名词 Every three days every fourth day 每逢四天 每隔三天10.数字运算的表达法加读 and plus 减读 minus 乘读 times 除读 divided by 等于读equals one and one equals two ten divided by five equals two 11.时间的表达法(1)先说分钟后说点钟,几点过几分,分钟不超过 30 时用 past 几点差
12、几分或差几分几点,差的分钟不超过 30 分钟时用 to。It is five past seven . It is twenty to five .it is a quarter to five.(2)年月日地表达法:一般情况下先说月份,再说日期,最后说年份但亦有例外,并且日期要用序数词。1988 年 5 月 1 日的表达法May 1(st),1988,读法: May the first ,nineteen eighty-eight.1983 nineteen eighty-three.1)年份的读法两位两位的读。2)公元前的年份后面加 B.C 公元后的年份后面加 A.D 221.B.C tw
13、o twenty-one 199.A.D A.D.1993)年代用年份的阿拉伯数字后+s 或 s 构成1730s 或 1730s 十八世纪三十年代 the seventeen thirties 二十世纪六十年代中期 the mid 1960s 或 s12.编号及电话号码的表达法编号既可以用序数词也可以用基数词:the Tenth Lesson Lesson TenRoom 321 读法:room three two one 13.某人几十岁和十几岁的表达法几十岁:In +ones +数词几十的复数形式The man is in his early thirties . 十几岁:in +ones teens