1、专四语法之-主谓一致 主谓一致1.当单数名词做主语后接 with,together with,as well as,rather than, along with 等短语做定语时，谓语动词只和主语保持一致。The teacher together with his students is going there on foot. 2.名词性从句或者非谓语动词短语做主语时往往表达一种抽象概念，谓语动词应该用单数形式：Driving cars is easy. To protect the fruits of our country victory is our sacred duty.3.Nei
2、ther nor,either or,not only but also 等句型中的谓语动词应该取决与主语中邻近部分，：Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching TV.4. “大量许多”的表达表数量的结构 其后的名词 谓语形式muchlittlea littlea large amount oflarge amounts ofa piece of , a great deal of不可数名词 单数many fewa few可数名词 复数a large number oflarge numbers of可数复数 复数the num
3、ber ofthe majority ofthe total of the couple of 复数可数 单数a number ofa majority ofa total of a couple of复数可数 复数A lot oflots of复数可数 复数a large quantity ofquantities of不可数名词 复数many a more than one 可数单数 单数a great many 复数名词 复数each/every 可数单数 单数neither/either of 可数复数 单数one and a half 可数复数 单数the great part of
4、 a large proportion of50% of one third of plenty of the rest of 可数或不可数 与 of 后面的名词一致补充: a series of, a portion of, a species of, a piece of+ 名词的单数或复数时,谓语用单数.5.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 （1）表示无生命的“类”的集体名词Clothing，furniture ，baggage/luggage，information，machinery ， merchandise，jewelry 它们指同一类的许多东西，其用法与不可数名词相当：形式上总是单数
5、，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数。The old machinery is out of date. 这些旧机器过时了。不可直接与 a（n）或数词连用。表数量时用 much，little ，some，a piece of，an article of 等。Each room has five pieces of furniture.每个房间有五件家具。若需用代词，用单数代词。Do you want to see my jewelry? It is in the box.你想看我的珠宝吗？它在我的箱子里。（2）表示 “群”的集体名词People, police, cattle, cattle
6、生畜, poultry 家禽,vermin, clergy, militia，youth, family，class，team，government，vrowd，committee，crew，jury，party，firm，couple，board，group，gang ，audience，public，mankind, humanity， clergy 牧师, arms, trousers, times, doings, surroundings, thanks, manners, ashes, remains 遗体, stairs, forces, troops 军队, fireworks
7、 烟火, savings 存款, belongings 财产, earning, winnings, takings, accommodations, riches, traffics, produce, scenery其它：Scissors 剪刀 tongs 钳子 scales 天秤 stockings 长袜Compasses 圆规 glasses 眼镜 handcuffs 手铐 trousers 长裤Suspenders 吊带 spectacles 眼镜表示有生命的集体名词谓语动词通常用复数,但当把集体当作一个整体时，用作单数.如cattle, personnel 等;savings, s
8、roundings, earnings 等类只有复数,谓语用复数;(3)部分词 public，church，audience，mankind，humanity 等通常只有单数形式，也不能直接加 a（n） （audience 除外） ；其中 clergy，public, church，youth ，police 等的前面通常要加the。(3)只表示单数概念的集体名词work, homework, brains, merchandise, knowledge, news, information, means, machinery, clothing, baggage, luggage, furn
9、iture, gymnastics, foliage, equipment表示学科的 mathematics, economics, ethics, optics, phonetics, politics 等是单数; 若表示某种理念,结论等, 如 politics(政见) 则是复数.The companys statistics are often misleading.（4)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，如 club, chorus, public, audience, crew, crowd, group, team, government，company, committee, fam
10、ily, class, party（5）单数形式,复数意义的: The crowd are fighting for their freedom.复数形式,单数意义: Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.（6）a committee,etc. of +复数名词结构:a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词，随后的动词通常用单数。 A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.(7)the+形容
11、词表示一类人时谓语用复数,如:the rich, the poor;表示不可数的事物或抽象概念时用单数 ,如: the good, the ugly, the unknown 等.6. 双面词单数 复数 all All of it 每一个 All of them nothing 每一个 表示全部 any Any of it Any of them None Not one, none of it Not any 8between + 复数名词；from +单数名词The elevator stalled between the 9 and the 10 floors, standing the
12、 boss from the first to the third week in August. 9. this/ that kind(sort, type style) of +单数名词These/those kinds(sorts, types styles) of +复数名词10表示时间、距离、金额、面积、重量、体积、容积等度量衡的名词做主语时，谓语用单数。11动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。12. 单复数意义不同的词Air 空气 Airs 姿态Custom 风俗 Customs 海关Good 好事 Goods 货物Force 力量 Forces 军队Color
13、颜色 Colors 军旗Ground 地面 Grounds 理由manner 方式 manners 礼貌pain 疼痛 pains 辛苦Paper 纸 Papers 文件Wood 木头 Woods 森林Brains 大脑 Brainss 智能Effect 结果 Effects 效果Look 脸色 Looks 面容，外貌Green 绿色 Greens 蔬菜drawer 抽屉 drawers 衬裤Letter 字母 Letters 文学Glass 玻璃 Glasss 眼镜Arm 手臂 Arms 武器rag 破布 rags 破衣服Time 时间 Times 时代fish 鱼 fishs 各种鱼类Water 水 Waters 某片水域people 人 peoples 人类
