1、1必会英语语法 20类目 录:1. 缩写2. a,an用法3. 名词题型4. be用法5. 动词题型6. 变一般疑问句7. 变特殊疑问句8. 变否定句9. 主宾格10所有格11.favorite用法12.物主代词用法13.单数句与复数句转换14.翻译15.特殊疑问句的回答16.一般疑问句的回答17.词性18.句子成分分析19.同义句20.语法大总结口诀一缩写(一) 要点:两单词缩写方法如下:1. am,is ,are 与其他单词缩写,分别变为:m, s, re. I am = I mshe is =sheswe are = were2. not与其他单词缩写,变为 nt . does not
2、=doesntdo not =dontis not= isntare not =arent(二) 不能缩写的有:1. am not不能缩写为 amnt.2. this is 不能缩写为 thiss。3. 一般疑问句的肯定回答不能缩写!-Is this a book? Yes ,it s()因为缩写后,就成了光棍!(三) 必须缩写的有:1. 否定句。He is not a boy. () He isnt a boy. ()2. 一般疑问句的否定回答。-Is this a book? -No,it is not().-No,it isnt.()(四)典型错误列举如下:This s a book.-
3、Are you a boy? - Yes ,I m.-Are you a girl? -No ,I amnt.-Does she like dogs? -No,she does not.-Are they boys? -Yes,theyre.He does not go fishing .He and she do not do their homework.二 a,an用法(一)相同点:两者都表示“一个”(二)不同点:通常情况以元音开头的单词表示“一个”时用 an,其他的都用 a表示“一个” 。(三)典型习题列举:an English teacheran ice creaman eggan
4、applean orange an orange orangean English girl三名词题型(一) 名词的分类:不可数名词-无法数或者不可能数出来的名词,水, 饮料,肉类等,可数名词-可以数或者能数出来的名词。太多,不列举了(二)不可数名词特点:前不能加 a,an等数词,后不能变复数加 s.(三)可数名词特点:1.一个名词,前面必须加 a或 an。2.两个或两个以上必须加复数 s,具体方法如下:2正常情况直接加 S。book-books以 ch,sh,s,x, (o)结尾的加 es(注意:不是所有的以 o结尾的都是加 es,有生命的以 o结尾的加 es,没有生命的加 s)bus-bu
5、ses boxboxes watch-watches以 f,fe结尾的,去 f,fe 加 ves以 y 结尾,通常去 y ,加 iesa,e,i,o,u+y 结尾的,不可去 y加 ies, 直接加s,. 单复同形的有 :sheep还是 sheep;Chinese 还是 chinese;Japanese 还是 Japanese. 极特殊,全变化的有: foot-feet , tooth-teeth ; man-men woman-women;mouse-mice ;thisthese ;that-those ; he(she,it)-they ; you-you; I-we ;my-our;hi
6、s(her,its)-their;your-your (四) 典型题:眼睛,耳朵,胳膊,腿,脚等名词虽然有时题里没有明确标明数量,但我们知道眼睛,耳朵,胳膊,腿,脚等名词一定是两个,所以一定要变复数。做题时一定要考虑到客观事实。当然,如果该名词时单数一个的,则必须加 a,an,绝对不可省略掉 a,an!My eyes are big. My legs are long .Pat and Bill are my good friends.they are books.the pens are long I have a big nose .四 be用法(一)口诀:有小哥仨,am,is,are.I
7、 是 am,you是 are.单数 is,复数 are,不要混了记牢它。(二)典型习题:I am a boy.she and I are girls.a boy and a girl are in shanghai.五动词题型(一)口诀:动词是妖怪,妖怪会吃人,遇见一个人,就要杀死(S)他。 (不能杀死我和你)(二)注意事项动词加 S方法与名词变复数方法同。he watches TV.with 后面的人不是人。 he with us plays.(三)典型习题1. He_( swim)2. She_ (study)3. He with his mother_ (go) fishing.4. I
8、 _(do) my homework.5. The boy_ (play)6. My friend _(watch)TV.7. Our friend _(go)shopping.8. Our friends_ (go)shopping.9. My brother with his friend _(study).10.The cat_ (eat )the mouse.六.变一般疑问句(一)口诀:1.be 提前。2.情提前。3.有(动词)妖怪的加孙悟空 does, do.动词妖怪现原形。(二)例题:1.He is 10 . Is he 10?2.He can run. Can he run?3.
9、The boy swims . Does the boy swim?4.They play. Do they play?(三)典型习题:He and she are 10 .He can run The boy studies .The girl watches TV.They go fishing .(四)附加题:真假美猴王。并非所有的 does,do都是孙悟空,句子中间的 does,do就不是真正的孙悟空,而是妖怪-六尔猕猴。依然用老办法,请真孙悟空捉妖。He does his homework.They do their homework.七.变特殊疑问句(一) “特殊疑问句”结构:特殊
10、疑问句= 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句。(二)特殊疑问词有:what什么 (问东西) what color 什么颜色 (问颜色)who 谁 (问人) whose 谁的 (问某人的 )where 哪里 (问地点)how old 几岁 (问年龄 )how many(可数) 、how much(不可数) 多少 (问数量)(三)变特殊疑问句分两个步骤:3先找特殊疑问词 划线外的部分变一般疑问句(四)难点解释:特殊疑问词就象西游记中的唐僧,在西游记中领头取经。谁派他去的呢,是坐在横线(宝座)上的皇上派去的,横线后面的人或物是皇上赏赐给唐僧的,所以唐僧要带着走,即放在特殊疑问词的后面不可丢掉。例:he lik
11、es his mother .皇上 赏赐whose mother does he like ?唐僧 赏赐 (唐僧带着赏赐走)(五)典型习题1. She likes red apples.2. They want 2 books.3. She is my friend.4. He likes a black cat.5. They go to Harbin.6. The boy has 2 apples.7. He wants black shoes.8. She is my mother.9. Ann is 10.10、The book is mine.11、he does his homew
12、ork.(他的作业)八变否定句(一)口诀:有 be的 be后加 not,有情的情后加not,有动词妖怪的加孙悟空 doesnt,dont,动词妖怪现原形。(二)位置关系:doesnt,dont 在动前,not,not 在 be后。三典型习题:注意选好“不”:doesnt , dont , not.1. He runs .2. They are 10.3. They swim.4. He goes fishing.5. She studies .6. He watches TV.7. They go fishing 8. He is nine.9. I do my homework 10.She
13、 does her homework11.A cat catches mice.12.I am 1013.They do their homework.14.She can swim15.They must go fishing.九主宾格主格:I you he she it we they 宾格:me you him her it us them(一)口诀:动词介词后,必须用宾格。(二典型习题:(请逐一按口诀验证)he likes me .动词 宾格they help him do it .动词 宾格 动词 宾格give it to me .动词 宾格 介词 宾格pat is in front
14、 of me.介词 宾格(三)典型习题he likes _(she,her)_ runs.(he ,him)I help _(they,them).I am behind _.(he,him)please give the book to _.(she,her)十所有格(一)所有格概念:所有格就是某物归谁所有的意思,当然归谁所有就是谁的东西。比如尺子归我所有,那就是我的,归小红所有,就是小红的。(二)所有格方法口诀:人和动物类,可变所有格。撇“ ”后加 S,相当汉语“的” 。(三)“共有”问题及“分别拥有”问题:如一物体归两人共同拥有,那么在后一个人后面加S 就够了,但如是两人分别拥有的物体,
15、则在两人后面分别加s.(四)典型例题:The room is Ann and Pats.(前面的房间就一个,所以判断出此房间一定是后面的两个人共有的)The rooms are Anns and Pats.(前面的房间是两个,所以判断出此房间一定是后面的两个人分别拥有的)(五) 典型习题:the shoes are _(lily and lucy)this is _(pat and lily) mother.they are _(pat and lily) mothers.the pen is _(lily)_(pat)_(father) name is Bill._(lily)_(frien
16、d) mother is a teacher.十一:favorite 用法 4(一) 口诀:favorite 前用所有格。(二) 典型例题:pats favorite color is green.her favorite color is pink.Anns favorite food is eggs.his fathers favorite fruit is apples.our favorite teacher is lily.(三) 典型习题:_(he)favorite color is blue._(I )favorite color is pink.十二:物主代词用法my your
17、 his her its our their 物主代词:mine yours his hers its ours theirs(二) 口诀:有包的不要再背包,没包的也要找点活干,不能啥也不干。(三) 例题:this is your book.(your,yours)this book is yours.(your,yours)(三)典型例题:my mother is a teacher,what about your mother?(you,your,yours)my mother is a teacher,what about yours? (you,your,yours)my father
18、 is ok,what about her father? (she,her,hers)my father is ok,what about hers? (she,her,hers)my friend is 12,what about your friend?(you,your,yours)my friend is 12,what about yours?(you,your,yours)(四)典型习题my room is big,what about _ room?(you,your,yours)my room is big,what about _?(you,your,yours)my bo
19、ok is new,what about _?(she,her,hers)_ (her,hers) dress ,is red,but_(my,mine) dress is green. _ (her,hers) dress ,is red,but_(my,mine) is green. _(your,yours)pen is long,but_(my,mine) is short.Anns mother is a teacher,but_(she,her,hers)is a nurse.十三:单数句与复数句转换(一) 单数转换复数句注意:复数加上 S.(二) 复数转换单数句注意:单数必须选好
20、 a 还是 an 。(三) 典型例题:(四) 典型习题:十四:翻译第十三题型 小小翻译家 (一)口诀:没动词,加小哥三。有动词,打死他。某人有,have,has.某地有,there be.“有”字放前头,有啥放中间,地点放最后。就近原则。(二)翻译步骤:首先迅速判断要翻译的句子属于翻译口诀中的哪种类型。判断出类型后根据该类型口诀进行翻译。(三)典型例题:他在英国。 (“没动词”型)他想要一个苹果。 (“有动词”型)他有长长的腿。 (“某人有”型)房间里有一张桌子。 (“某地有”型)每个题判断出类型后,根据该类型的口诀进行翻译如下:he is in England .(没动词加小哥三)he wa
21、nts an apple.(有打死他)he has long legs.(某人有 have,has.一个人用has)there is a desk in the room.(there be)5(四)实战:苹果是红色的。钢笔是蓝色的。苹果在桌子上。他的眼睛大。他跑。一个女孩喜欢鱼。一个男孩吃苹果。他们玩足球。他玩足球。他有大眼睛。他们有大眼睛。房间里有一个女孩。房间里有两本书十五:特殊疑问句的回答(一)口诀:*问什么就答什么。*最好用人称代词回答准确率更高些。*问句中有小哥三的回答中必须加上,不能丢掉,不可丢人。*回答中有动词的别忘记打死他的问题。this,that 为单数,当指人时用 he,
22、she来代替,指物体时用 it代替;these ,those用 they 代替。 (二)典型例题:1.what is this ?(a book)It is a book.It is a book.2.what are these ?(pens)they are pens.4. what does your father like ?(dogs)he likes dogs.(三)典型习题:1. Where are Tom and John from?(Japan)2. What is your name?(Tony).3. How old are Lily and Lucy?(seven).
23、4. How old is Lily? (twelve).5. What color is her dress? (black).6. Where are they from? (China)7. Who is that boy?(Kangkang).8. What are they ? (boxes).9.What do lily and lucy want ?(burgers)10.Where does lily go ?(to the shop)十六:一般疑问句的回答(一)口诀:*什么提问,什么回答。*必须用人称代词回答。(二)典型例题:1.is her name pat? Yes ,i
24、t is .2.is this a book? Yes,it is 3.are you a boy ?4 are you boys?5.are these books?6.are you and your father from shanghai ?9. is she a girl ? yes ,_ _10.Are Kangkang and Huanghua from Beijing? Yes, _ _11.Are your sisters fine? Yes, _ _12.Is Ben fine? Yes, _ _13.Is Ann fine? Yes, _ _14.Are Lily and
25、 Lucy from Beijng ? Yes, _ _15.Is your dress red? Yes, _ _16.Are your shoes black?Yes, _ _17.Is your shirt nice?Yes, _ _18. Does she like cats? Yes, _ _19.Do they want apples?Yes, _ _20.Does the girl go fishing?6Yes, _ _21.Do the boy and the girl go swimming?Yes, _ _22.Can they run? Yes, _ _23.Does
26、the cat eat it? Yes, _ _24.Do the dogs eat bones(骨头)?Yes, _ _十七:词性(一)词性分类:人分男女两性,动物分雌雄两性, 词语分九个“性别”:名词,动词,形容词,副词,代词,物主代词,连词,介词,感叹词。(二)概念:名 词:名词名词,就是人或物的名称。动 词:动作行为。形容词; (通常)带“的”词。副 词: (通常)带“地”的词。代 词: 你 我 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们物主代词:你的 我的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的连 词: 分并列连词(and“和” )和转折连词(but“但是”)两类。介 词: in , on ,
27、at , in front of , behind , between, next to , to ,for 等 (三)习题:把下列词语按性别归类。吃 喝 苹果 男孩 桌子 来 跑 天空 书 钢笔 铅笔 飞 墙 美丽的 迅速的 开心的 猛烈地 残酷地 彻底的 你 我 他 她 和 但是 啊 在里面 在上面 在后面 在前面 在中间 中国人 台灯 大灰狼你的 他们的 他们 妈妈 老师 哭 伤心的 悲伤地 可爱的天真的 喜羊羊 美羊羊 孙悟空 我们的 我 你的 它的名词:动词:形容词:副词:代词:连词:介词:感叹词:物主代词:感叹词:啊 (一) 词性之间的联系(仔细看,自己总结)漂亮的 女孩 蓝色的
28、天空 白色的 天鹅 可爱的 小兔子的形容词 名词 形容词 名词 形容词 名词 形容词 名词总结:形容词 后面的词都是名词。所以得出: 形容词修饰名词的结论。使劲地 踹 用力地 喊 优美地 跳舞 快乐地 唱歌副词 动词 副词 动词 副词 动词 副词 动词总结: 副词 后面的词都是动词 。所以得出: 副词修饰动词的结论。十八;句子成分分析一个句子可以划分出一下六个成分:主 谓 宾 定 状 补主 :一个句子中主要说的是什么,什么就是主语。=谓 :主语做的动作。宾 :动作的承受者。定 :修饰语。修饰名词的部分。 ( )状 :修饰语。修饰动词的部分。 【 】补 :补充说明的部分 。(一)典型例题:(残酷
29、的) 日本人 【惨无人道地】 折磨 (坚强的)方志敏。定 =主= 状 谓 定 宾 (生气的) 妈妈 狠狠地 打了 小明 。定语 主语 状语 谓语 宾语 (凶狠的)敌人残暴地严刑拷打(视死如归的)红军。定语 主语 状语 谓语 定语 宾语(二)典型习题:划分句子成分,用符号表示。主语7用 ,谓语用 ,宾语用 ,定语用( ) ,状语用 。她打我。我吃苹果。开心的孩子玩游戏。她伤心地哭。聪明的猴子吃了香蕉。她哭了。我笑了。他使劲地踢。他使劲地踢门。聪明的小红迅速地找到了迷宫的出口。凶狠的敌人残暴地拷打视死如归的方志敏。生气的妈妈狠狠地打了淘气的小明。狠心的狼外婆吃掉了可怜的小红帽。幸福的新一代快乐地成
30、长着。我们知道了问题的答案 。糟糕的中国足球又输掉了比赛。勇敢的王二小机智地杀害了丧尽天良的日本鬼子一只漂亮的小猫机警地藏起来.严厉的老师狠狠地批评了淘气的小强.狡猾的大灰狼使劲地敲打摇晃的大门.坚强的红军顽强地走过了万里长征.十九:同义句 关于外貌的同义句.(根据翻译口诀即可成功。 )he has big eyes .= his eyes are big .(没动词,小哥三)she has big ears= her ears are big her mouth is small= she has a small mouth .(单数鼻子嘴巴等词语前必须加 a)his nose is big
31、 = he has a big nose . 关于建议性句子的七大同义句.(根据理解记忆即可成功。 )(一)建议性句型有 would you like + to do ?你想要吗?=how about/what about + doing? 怎么样?=why not/why dont you + 动原。为什么不呢?=lets + 动原 咱们 吧(唯一的一个建议性肯定句)(二)典型例题would you like to drink some tea?=how about drinking some tea?=what about drinking some tea?=why not drink
32、some tea?=why dont you drink some tea?=lets drink some tea.(建议性问句中的 some不变 any)(三)典型习题: would you like to go fishing ?=what about _ _?=how about _ _?=why not _ _?=why dont you _ _?=lets _ _ 。 关于 come from =be from的同义句.(延承变一般疑问句的方法即可。 )(一)典型例题:he comes from Beijing = he is from beijing .the boy comes
33、 from shanghai= the boy is from shanghai.does he come from Beijing ?= is he from Beijing ?does the boy come from shanghai?= is the boy from shanghai?where does she come from?= where is she from?where are they from ?= where do they come from?(二)典型习题:she is from china=the boy comes from shanghai =is t
34、he boy from beijng?=where is she from ?=关于 would like的同义句. (延承变一般疑问句的方法即可。 )(一) 典型例题 l would like some eggs.=I want some eggs.she would like some apples=she wants some apples.would you like some bananas?= do you want any bananas?8what would you like ?= what do you want?(二) 典型习题she would like some or
35、anges. =would you like some oranges? =what would you like ? =what would she like ?=二十:语法大总结口诀看见名词想什么?名词是否变复数。two _(book) a _(pen)看见代词想什么?代词是否变宾格。I like _(he)看见动词想什么?妖怪是否打死他。he _(run)看见物主代词想什么?是否扛背包。this book is _(her)看见形容词想什么?形容词修饰名词。 或者构成主系表 。the book is good.看见副词想什么?副词修饰动词。he run_(slow形容词, slowly 副词)看见介词想什么?代词变成其宾格。 动词变成动名词。he is behind_(I )I like _(swim)