1、1八年级上册Unit 1 Playing sports Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? 常用 词组 ：1.See sb.do sth 看见某人做过某事 2.cheer.on 为.加油/使.振作 3.quite a bit/a lot 许多.大量 4. play for 效力于 5.grow up 将来 .长大以后 6.in the future 长大以后 7.all over the world 全世界8. be good for 对.有好处 9. keep fithealthy 保持健康10. the day after tomorrow
2、后天 11. make/keep sb./sth.+adj 让/使某人/ 某物. 12.arrive in/at 到达某地 =reach=get to 13.play against 打比赛 14.leave for 动身前往 要点剖析 【要点 1】I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.暑假里我几乎每天都看见你打篮球See 意为“看见”，属于感官动词，有以下几种用法：See sb.do sth.意为“看见某人做过某事”，表示动作的全过程已经完成或表示经常性的动作。感官动词后面接不定式作宾补时要
3、省略不定式符号 to。如：I saw the man enter the building.我看见那个人走进了大楼。【扩展】see sb.doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，表示宾语补足语的动作正在进行。如：When I came into the room，I saw the boy reading.当我走进房间时，看见那个男孩正在看书。常用的类似的感官动词还有：hear,watch,notice，feel 等。【要点 2】You know， we are going to have a basketball game against Class Three on Sunday.
4、你知道，这周日我们班将和三班打一场篮球赛。（1）本句所用的是 be going to 结构表一般将来时态。一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。现在法如下：1）be going to 强调主语经过事先计划、安排在未来的时间内打算做某事，其中选用 be 动词 am,is或 are，要与主语的人称和数保持一致，to 后接动词原形，句末常含有表示将来的时间状语。如：Im going to see my grandparents next Sunday.我打算下周日去看望我的父母。2）be going to 还可以用于预测，表示有某种迹象即将发生。如：Look
5、 at the clouds!Itgoing to rain soon.看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。3）含 be going to 的肯定句改为否定句时，在am/is/are 后加 not；改为一般疑问句时将 am/is/are 提前至句首；特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。如：Are you going to study French next year?你打算明年学法语吗？4）当句中谓语动词为 come, go, arrive, leave 等表示位置移动的动词时，常用现在进行时来表示将来的动作。如：They are leaving for Beijing next Friday.下周
6、五他们准备去北京。判断上句中的动作是正在发生还是将要发生可以从句中有无将来时间状语及句子的上下文来综合判断。【要点 3】Would you like to come and cheer us on?你愿意来为我们喝彩么？Cheer.欢呼，喝彩，加油；cheer sb.on 为某人加油。Cheer on sth.为某事喝彩。如：Tomorrow cheer their team on,please.明天去为他们加油吧。【要点 4】Which sport do you prefer, cycling or rowing?骑自行车和划船，你更喜欢哪项运动？（1）prefer 意为 “宁可，宁愿，更喜
7、欢”，相当于 like better 后可接名词、动名词或动不定式。如：His father prefers drinking tea.他父亲喜欢喝茶.He prefers to sleep at afternoon.（2）prefer.to.意为“与.相比更喜欢.”后面接名词或动名词。prefer A to C （= like A better than C） “喜欢 A 而不喜欢 C/喜欢 A 胜过喜欢C” 2如：Tom prefers dogs to cats.比起猫来，汤姆更喜欢狗。He prefers playing soccer to dancing. prefer to do r
8、ather than do “宁愿而不” She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind. 他宁愿和我们一道去, 而不愿留下。【要点 5】Do you row much? 你经常划船吗？Yes， quite a bit/a lot.是的，经常划。Much 意为“经常”，再此相当于 often,表示频率。quite a bit/a lot.许多，大量，经常。【要点 6】Are you going to join the school rowing club?你就爱那个要加入学校的划船俱乐部吗？（1）join+sb./ 团体，组织 加入某人或
9、团体。She joined the Young Pioneers. Will you join us?（2）join in+sth./doing sth=take part in 参与某事或做某事。Come along, and join in the ball game. 快, 来参加球赛。Hell join us in singing the song. 他将和我们一道唱歌。（3）join sb.in.加入到某人活动中。e.g. Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？【要点 7】She spends half an hour doing
10、 exercise in the gym every day.她每天在健身房锻炼半个小时。（1）spend+金钱/时间+on sth./(in) doing sth 花金钱或时间买某物。如：He spent 200 yuan on the bike.他买那辆自行车花了200 元钱。【扩展】1)take 常用句型为：It take sb.+时间/金钱+to do sth. It 在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。如：It took me half an hour to learn the song.学这首歌花了我半个小时。2）cost 表示值多少钱，它的主语是物。句式为 sth.c
11、ost sb.+价钱. cost 的过去式为 cost The bike cost me 5oo yuan.3）sb pay +金钱 for sth. 为付款 I paid 500 yuan for the bike.【要点 8】.now she plays baseball pretty well. She is also good at jumping.现在她（棒球）打得很好。他还擅长跳跃。（1）play baseball 意为“ 打棒球 ”，在球类前不能用冠词，play basketball, play soccer.（2）pretty well 是副词词组，意为“ 相当好”，修饰动词
12、play，放在其后。pretty well=very well（3）be good at 意为“擅长. ”，at 为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词做宾语。其同义词组为 do well in,后接名词、动名词或相当于名词的词。【要点 9】They are sure that she will win.他们肯定她会赢。be sure that 表示肯定，有把握。其后接从句。 be sure of/about sth.表示（某人）对.有把握。Are you sure about your plan? be sure to do sth.表示一定要做某事，务必. Im sure to get there
13、 on time.【要点 10】Because it makes me strong and it is popular all over the world.因为它可以使我身体强壮，而且它也是在全世界都受欢迎的运动。make 意为“使成为”，常用“make+ 名词/代词+ 形容词”结构。 The news makes us happy.【要点 11】David Beckham,a famous soccer star, arrived in Beijing with his teammates yesterday.著名球星贝克汉姆和他的队友昨天到达北京。Arrive 为不及物动词，意为“到达
14、”，后面跟宾语时，要加介词 in（大地点） /at（小地方）。【扩展】reach 也作“到达”讲，为及物动词，后面可以直接跟宾语。Get 作“到达”讲时，为不及物动词，其后先接介词 to 再接宾语；但若跟表示地点的副词 home ,here, there, abroad 时，要省去 to, get home.【要点 12】They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.后天他们将动身去日本。 leave for 意为 “动身前往”，即离开说话地点前往for 后的地点，是 leave A for B(离开 A 地去 B 地)的简略表达式。现在进
15、行时表将来时常有“意图” “安排”或“打算”的含义。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay, fly 等。Im flying to London next Thursday. 【要点 13】against prep. 意为“对着，反对”, 后跟名词或代词作宾语, 反义词是 for。e.g. Are you against or for the plan? 你是同意这项计划还是反对？The soldiers fought against the enemy bravely. 士兵们勇敢地打敌人。play against 与 比赛3e.g. Our cl
16、ass basketball team will play against the team from Class Four this Friday afternoon. 我们班的篮球队将于星期五下午跟四班的球队进行比赛。【要点 14】win 可表示“赢得比赛, 战斗”等, 宾语一般是比赛, 竞赛, 战争等名词, 与 beat 近义。知识拓展: win 与 beat 的用法win 和 beat 都可用作及物动词, 作 “赢” 、“战胜”讲时, 其区别主要在于宾语的不同。1）充当 win 的宾语的是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词, 即 race, match, game, competition,
17、 war, prize 之类的词。 e.g. They won the match this time. 这次比赛他们赢了。 He won the first prize in the surfing competition. 他在冲浪比赛中获得第一。2）充当 beat 的宾语的则是比赛、竞争的对手 , 即指人或球队的名词或代词。 e.g. The girls team beat us in the football match在那场足球比赛中, 女子队打败了我们。 We beat the strongest team in the football match this time.在这次足球
18、 赛中我们战胜了最强的那个队。 【要点 15】3. dream n . 梦, 梦想e.g. My sons dream is to be an astronaut.我儿子的理想是当宇航员。 dream v. 做梦 dream of/ about 梦见e.g. I dreamed about/of my old home last night. 昨天夜里我梦见了以前的家。 实现梦想 realizeachieve dream 梦想实现 dream comes true【要点 16】英语中次数表达法：once（一次）, twice （两次）, 三次或三次以上为: 基数词+times, 如: thre
19、e times（三次）。once a week “每周一次”, a week 相当于every week, 类似短语如：twice a month “每月两次”, five times a year “每年 5 次”。how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率。how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问 时间段。e.g. He plays basketball twice a week. How often does he play basketball?They will stay in Beijing for a week. How long will they
20、stay in Beijing?【要点 17】exercise 的用法：1) 作可数名词用, “练习, 习题 , 体操, 功课, 操练”等,常用复数。Im doing my exercises.我在做练习/功课.Doing morning exercises is helpful to our health.做早操对我们的健康是有益的。You should do more spelling exercises. 你应该做更多的拼写练习。2） 作不可数名词用, “锻炼, 运动”。You are weak because of the lack of exercise.你身体弱是因为缺少锻炼。Ta
21、ke more exercise, and you will be healthy. 多多锻炼, 你会健康的。3） 作动词用, “训练, 锻炼”。You must exercise yourself in order to be stronger and healthier.为了更健康更强壮 , 你必须锻炼自己。【要点 18】2. 英语中“go+ v. ing”短语常表示“去进行某项活动”。 go fishing 去钓鱼 go dancing 去跳舞go boating 去划船 go climbing 去爬山go riding 去骑车 /马 go walking 去散步go shopping
22、去购物 go skating 去溜冰go skiing 去滑雪 go swimming 去游泳 【要点 19】excited/excitingexcited 表示“兴奋的”，指人、物对感到兴奋；exciting 表示“令人兴奋的；使人激动的”，指人、事、物本身让人兴奋、激动。一般情况下, 是人做主语，用 v.-ed; 物做主语, 用v.-ing。He was excited at the news. The news that our team won is exciting. 其他类似的词有：surprising /surprised ；interesting/interested；sati
23、sfying/satisfied; boring/ bored; moving/movede.g. Are you excited about going to Beijing? 你要去北京了, 感到兴奋吗？He told us an exciting story yesterday. 他昨天给我们讲了一个使人激动的故事。This is an interesting book. It interests many readers, and I am also interested in it.4这是一本有趣的书, 它吸引了很多的读者, 我也很感兴趣。The news surprised us.
24、 或 We were surprised at the news.这消息使我们大家都很吃惊。 This is a moving story, we are moved.这是个动人的故事, 我们都被感动了。指点迷津【迷津 1】Li Lei going to take part in ，because he can .A. the far jump; jump long B. the jump far; jump longC. the long jump; jump far D. the jump long; jump far【指点】C the long jump 指跳远运动。跳得远应表达为 ju
25、mp far,而不能说成 jump long. 【迷津 2】I often see Li Ping the flowers in the garden.A.watch B.watering C.to water D.watered【指点】A see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事，表示全过程或经常性动作。See sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，表示动作正在进行。【迷津 3】Communication is very important in our life.Its a bridge the old and the youngA.across B.through C.betw
26、een D.among【指点】 C across 从.表面上穿过， though 从.内部穿过，between.and.用于两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上。【迷津 4】What are you going to do tomorrow?There _ a soccer match between Class 1 and Class 2.I want to watch it. A.is going to have B.are going to have C.is going to be D.are going to be【指点】C 表示某地 /某时将有.时，可用句式“There+is/a
27、re going to be+主语+将来时间”。There be 表存在，不能受汉语影响而误用 have。经 典探究【典例 1】Why not _ the music club?Im sorry.I cant sing or dance.A.to join B.join C.joining D.to join in【解析】B join+sb.表示加入某人的行列，和某人在一起，join+组织，表示加入某个组织并成为其中一员。Join in 表示加入，参加，指参加某项活动，相当于 take part in。Why not+动词原形.？是提意见的句型之一。【典例 2】After a long jou
28、rney,the eight pandas from Wolong safely _ in Beijing.Aarrived B.reached C.got D.came【解析】A 四个词都是到达的意思，但 arrive 是不及物动词，后接 at 或 in 再接地点名词；reach 是及物动词，直接接地点名词；get come 是不及物动词，后接 to，再接地点名词。【典例 3】How much did your new bike _ you?Nine hundred yuan.A.take B.cost C.spend D.pay【解析】B sb.spend some money on st
29、h./sb.; sth.cost sb.some money; take 用于句型“It takes sb.some time to do sth.”表示某人花费时间干某事。书面表达自“阳光体育运动”工程启动以来，全国各地的中学生都在加强体育锻炼。假如你叫 Li Ming，请给笔友 Tony 写封 60 词左右的书信，介绍自己进行体育锻炼的情况，并着重介绍一个自己喜爱的运动项目。Dear Tony, How are you these days? I do a lot of exercise this term. I think doing exercise can make me activ
30、e in class. I spend an hour doing sports every day. I play table tennis, basketball and football with my classmates after class. Basketball is my favorite sport and I can play it pretty well now. I think its a great game to be happy. Whats your favorite sport? Please write back soon. Yours，Li Ming 教
31、学反思Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water? 常用 词组 ：1.Do sb.a favor 帮忙 2.fall ill=be ill 病倒了 3.be glad to 高兴做. 54.right away 立刻，马上 5.throw around 乱扔 6.make ones bed 整理床铺 7.shout at 大喊大叫 8.be angry with 生某人的气 9.do ones best 尽某人最大努力 10.say sorry to 向某人道歉 11.be sorry for/about sth. 感到抱歉 /关于某物。 12.K
32、eep doing sth. 继续做某事。 13.Be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事。 14.Turn down/up 调低/高 15.in a minute 立刻 16.never mind 没关系 17.be important to sb. 对某人重要。 18.take a seat 请坐 19.as well 也，还有 20.more and more 越来越. 21.instead of 代替 22.build up 建立 23.have fun doing sth 做某事中获得乐趣 要点剖析【要点 1】Michael,could you please do me a
33、 favor?迈克尔，你能帮我一个忙吗？Could you please.?=Would you please.?都表示客气、委婉地提出请求，后用动词原形。-Could you please open the window? -Of course. /Sorry, I cant open it because the windows are locked on the train.Do sb.a favor=give sb.a hand=help sb.帮某人的忙，也可说成 do a favor for sb, 注意其中有不定冠词。e.g. Would you do me a favor pl
34、ease? 请你帮我个忙, 好吗? He is always ready to do a favor for his classmates. 他总是乐于帮助同学。 one of 后面接可数名词的复数形式, 表示“中的一个”，此结构作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。One of my friends is a pilot.我的朋友当中有一个是飞行员。One of our cats disappeared.我们的一只猫不见了。【要点 2】Would you mind teaching me?你介意教我吗？Would you mind.?意为“你介意.吗”用法：是英语中委婉请求的表述方式之一，语气委婉、客
35、气、礼貌，易于被对方接受。此中表达也可用 Do you mind.?但语气没有 Would you mind.?委婉 否定式：Would you mind not doing sth?意为“别做.好吗” Would you mind not opening the window? 中动名词前可加一个逻辑主语，一般用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，用与不用意义不同。 后可接 if 引导的从句。 -Wind you mind if I open the door?-Youd better not. Its cold and windy.【扩展】mind 用作名词时, 意为“思想”、“想法”、“头脑”
36、、“智力”。常见的含名词 mind 的短语有: change ones mind（改变主意）， set ones mind to (do) （专注于）, never mind 没关系；make ones mind(to do sth)下决心（做某事）；keep.in mind 记住.； come into ones mind （计上心来）等。【要点 3】Of course not. Ill do it right away.当然不介意。我马上就递给你。此句是由“助动词 will+动词原形”构成的一般将来时的句子。Ill 是 I will 的缩写形式，will do表示将要做一般将来时表示将要发
37、生的动作或对将来的预测，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow,soon,nextweek(month,year.),in two days,right away 等。I think the weather will be fine tomorrow.【要点 4】You need to take bus No.2.Its far from here.你需要乘 2 路公共汽车。它离这很远。Need 做实义动词使用时，通常用作及物动词 need to do sth. I need to have a rest.【扩展】need 也可作情态动词，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件句，表“需要”后
38、接动词原形。I neednt tell you how to do it.need doing = need to be done 需要（主动式表示被动含义）The garden needs watering （=to be watered）. 花园该浇水了。 【要点 5】.，but I can manage it myself.但是我能设法完成。manage+to do sth.设法做某事 Can you manage to find out the answer?manage+名词/代词，意为“完成.”6I can manage the work myself. 【要点 6】I didnt
39、 want to miss the goal, either.我也不想失分。too,also,as well 均有“也”之意，但用法不同：too和 as well 主要用于肯定句，多用于口语，放句末。Also 主要用于肯定句，一般放在句中。Either（也）通常只用于否定句, 且要放在句末。e.g. e.g. I am going to London and my sister is going as well(going， too).我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。He hasnt finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。【要点 7】I am very sorry for wh
40、at I said.我为我所说的话道歉。What I said=my wordsbe sorry for sth.为某事感到遗憾、后悔、抱歉e.g. Im sorry for making such a noise last night. 昨晚我太吵了, 很对不起。 【要点 8】With the help of Maria and Jane,Kangkang said sorry to Michael.在玛利亚和简的帮助下，康康向迈克尔道了歉。with the help of sb.=with ones help 在某人的帮助下。say sorry to sb.向某人说对不起say hello
41、 to sb. 向某人问好Say goodbye to sb.向某人说再见【要点 9】He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play even in bad weather.他为他的学生设计了室内游戏，以便在坏天气他们也可以玩。invent. v. 发明, 创造, 编造 invention n. 发明 inventor n.发明者Inventors invented many inventions. 发明家 发明了许多的发明（物）。So that 意为“ 以便于”，引导目的状语从句Yesterday mor
42、ning Yang Cheng got up early so that she could catch the first bus.昨天早上杨成为了赶上早班车起床很早。So .that.意为“如此.以致”that 引导的是结果状语从句，so 后面跟形容词或副词。He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. 他跑得非常快, 没人能追上他。 The camera is so expensive that I cant afford it. 这个相机太贵了 我买不起。【要点 10】Do you know how to score in the
43、 game?你知道在这项游戏中如何得分吗？“疑问词+不定式” 构成不定式短语，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语等。score v. n. 进球, 得分e.g. He scored one goal.他踢进一球。Our team won by a score of five to two.我们队五比二赢了这场比赛。【要点 11】I drink milk and eat fresh fruit and vegetables instead of chips and chocolate.我喝牛奶，吃新鲜水果和蔬菜而不吃炸薯条和巧克力了。Instead of 替代；而不相反Instead 单独
44、使用时一般放在句末，放在句首时，其后加逗号。如：I wont go to Shanghai. Ill go to Beijing, instead.= Ill go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.我不会去上海而去北京。I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水。【要点 12】I have great fun running,and I feel well and look fit.跑步总是给我带来无限乐趣，而且我感觉也很好，看起来也很健康。Have (great) fun 过得愉快，玩得高兴。相当于ha
45、ve a great time/enjoy oneself.Have fun doing sth.从做中获得乐趣。【扩展】be full of fun 很好玩，极有趣。We have a lot of fun in the park.我们在公园里玩得很快活。 I had great fun playing chess with him.我和他下棋非常有趣。【要点 13】fall fell （过去式） fall ill 生病Tracy didnt take part in the match because he fell ill suddenly.特雷西没参加比赛因为他突然生病了。be gla
46、d to do sth.乐意做某事（1）他很高兴收到我的来信。He is glad to a hear from me.（2） Ill be glad to join you.practice 用作及物动词时后面可接名词、动名词, 不能接不定式, 表示“ 练习” 、“训练” 。practise 是英式英语。Theyre practicing singing the new song. 他们正在练习唱那首新歌。Its very important to practice listening. careless “不小心的,不仔细的,粗心的; 疏忽的,草率的”。由 care-careless7e.
47、g. It was careless of me to leave the door open. 都是我粗心忘了关门。careful “细致的，慎重的”，指注意力集 中、认真和细致地做某事。Be careful not to fall off the ladder. 当心别从梯子上掉下来。miss “错过，未击中，未达到，未赶上，未遇到或未接触到；思念”。e.g. Its a pity you missed the sports meeting last week. 很可惜,你错过了上周的运动会。 At the end of the street you cant miss the post
48、office. 在这条街道的尽头，你就能看见邮局。 We missed living in the countryside. 我们怀念在农村的生活。 【要点 14】形容词修饰不定代词和不定副词时,应放在不定代词和不定副词之后。e.g.Theres nothing new in todays newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么特别新闻。 Lets go somewhere quiet. 【要点 15】do ones best to do sth.=try ones best to do sth.尽力做某事Ill do my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。Well try our best to learn English well. 我们会尽最大努力学好英语。keep (sb) doing sth 使（某人）不停地做某事The baby kept crying. 婴儿一直哭。 Why do you keep looking at me like this? 你为什么老是这样看着我?【要点 16】be sure to do sth “肯定要做某事” (表将来)be
