1、定语从句 ( 三 ).关系副词 when, where, why 引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中只能充当状语。当修饰一个表示时间的名词时， 常用关系副词 when 在定语从句中充当时间状语；当修饰一个表示地点的名词时，常用关系副词 where 在定语从句中充当地点状语；当修饰表示原因的名词时，常用关系副词 why,在定语从句中充当原因状语。关系副词在句中一般不能省略。1I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.1. T
2、his is the house where we lived last year.2. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.1. The reason why she didnt get the job was that her English was not very good.2. The reason why he was late was that he overslept.Exercises:用关系副词 when, where, why 填空：1.Do you still remember th
3、e place _ you were born?2.I dont remember the date _ my father was born.3.Yesterday we went to visit the house _ the great writer used to live.4.Do you know the reason _ he killed himself?5.He was born in the year _ the Second World War broke out.6.I will never forget the day _ I went to meet you at
4、 the airport.7.He always wanted to go to his hometown and visited the place _ he grew up.8.Kunming is a beautiful city _ flowers are seen all the year around.9.The children today are lucky as they are living in a time _ our country is open to the outside world.10.Please tell me the reason _ he is an
5、gry.11.This kind of program will be well received in the countries _ many Chinese are living.12.The old black man never forgot the day _ he was sold.汉译英：1.我已经找到了我朋友居住的那间房子了。2.你记得你妈妈出生的日期吗？3.请告诉我你买到那块手表的地方。4.这就是我不喜欢他的原因。5.你能否向我解释一下你迟到的原因？6.这就是他向我解释的理由。. 区别：思考: 先行词同样是表示地点的，为何有时候用关系代词，有时候用关系副词? 先行词同样是表
6、示时间的，为何有时候用关系代词，有时候用关系副词?关系词的选择关键是：由关系词在从句中所充当的成分决定若先行词在从句中作主、宾、表则用关系代词；若在从句中作状语则用关系副词。1I have found the place that he visited last week.2I have found the place where he stayed last week .1. The house that he bought is very big.2. The house where he lived is very big.1. The date that Ill always reme
7、mber is Nov.22,1966.2. The date when I was born is Nov.22,1966.1. The days that I spent with you are unforgettable.2. The days when I stayed in America are unforgettable.1. The reason that he explained to me is that he got up late.2. The reason why he was late is that he got up late.as 引导的定语从句1as 用作
8、关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作定语，表语或状语，常和 the same, such, so, as 等连用。 I like the same book as you do. ( as 作宾语 ) I shall do it in the same way as you did. ( as 作状语 ) I want to have such a dictionary as he has. ( as 作宾语 )注意点：the sameas ( 指不同的人或物 ) the samethat ( 指同一个人或物 )比较: This is the same book as I len
9、t you yesterday.( 是 2 本书 ) This is the same book that I lent you yesterday.( 是同一本书 )2.as 引导非限制性定语从句。as 在定语从句中作主语，表语和宾语，只能指代主句整个概念，不能指代单个先行词，它可以放在句首(中，尾)。 As we all know , he studies very hard. ( as 作宾语 ) As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as 作主语 )常用于 be known / expected / anno
10、unced / reported / shown 等结构中 Exercises:用恰当的关系词填空：1. The first lesson _ the old professor taught was not easily forgotten.2. That is the most wonderful bike _ I have ever seen.3. Is he the boy _ left arm got hurt ?4. The report _ they are listening to is very important.5. Do you know the reason _ he
11、 didnt come to school last week ?6. Did you understand the last report _ was made by the foreigner?7. Are you going to visit the temple _ they have been before?8. He told me everything _ he had seen in the accident.9. The camp was full of people _ homes had been destroyed.10.Tom is the student with
12、_ I want to have a talk .11.Do you remember the village _ we worked last summer?12.Do you remember the village _ we visited last summer?13.Do you remember the days _ we spent together last summer?14.Would you please lend me the same book _ he has borrowed?15.I dont like such kind of music _ I heard
13、just now.16.We hope to get such a tool _ he is using.17.Mr. White told his wife the persons and things _ he saw in China.18.Who is the girl _ shook hands with our headmaster?.由介词which 或 whom 构成的定语从句关系副词 when, where, why 引导的定语从句时往往用介词which 的形式替换: 关系代词 whosen.引导定语从句时the n. of which(先行词为物) / the n. of
14、whom(先行词为人) This is the house where / in which I was born. I will never forget the day when / in which I first came to China. This is the reason why / for which she failed in the exam. Where is the table whose leg / the leg of which is broken ?注意:1.介词which / whom 构成的定语从句中， which / whom 不可省 The day o
15、n which I first met him was Feb.6,1989. The pencil with which he was writing broke. The person to whom I spoke just now is our headmaster.2. Whom, which 作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在 which 之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上This is the person whom you are looking for.3.当先行词是 the way 并在后面的从句中作方式状语时，关系词用 in w
16、hich/ that/ 省略 that I dont like the way in which/ that/( / ) he speaks. Thats the way in which/ that /（ / )I worked out the maths problem. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。 Who is the guy that is reading over there? The number of people that are going to the exhibition is exp
17、ected to be over 25,000. All that needs to be done has been done. He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study. Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例中的 all 意为“一切”，作单数。例中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。Exercises:选择题1I still remember the day _ she first wore that pink
18、 dress.A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which2. Ill show you a store _ you may buy all _ you need.A.in which, that B. where, which C. which, that D. that, that3. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the Party.A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which4. Will you please show me the girl _ name
19、is Linda ?A. who B. whom C. whose D. which5. Its one of the most important meetings _ this year.A. that has been held B. which has been heldC. that have been held D. which have held6. He wanted to know the reason _ I was late.A. as B. for C. why D. because7. July7,1937 is the day _ we Chinese people
20、 will never forget .A. which B. when C. on which D. about which8. Dont read such books _ you dont understand.A. which B. that C. as D. /用介词关系代词填空：1This is the house _ _ Mao Zedong was born.2She is the girl _ _ you lent your bike .3This is the pen _ _ I wrote the letter.4We love the village _ _ we wo
21、rked for 2 years.5Those are the books _ _ we were talking just now.6Can you lend me a chair _ _ I can sit ?7The bus _ _ I often go to school hasnt come yet.8He is just the student _ _ you want to make friends.9The library _ _ I borrowed a magazine is not very big.10.The train _ _ she was traveling w
22、as late.11There is no dictionary _ _ you can find everything.12There was nobody _ _ I could turn for help in the street at such a late hour.13 The house whose window faces south is mine. The house the window _ _ faces south is mine.14. Do you know the girl whose parents are doctors ? Do you know the
23、 girl the parents _ _ are doctors ?15. He has a lot of books, many _ _ are written in English.16. The old man has three sons, one _ _ (其中一个) is a doctor.17. The old lady has two daughters, _ _ _(两个都)are devoted to her.18. Mr.White has four sons, but none _ _ are devoted to him.19. China has a lot of
24、 islands, the largest _ _（最大的）is Taiwan island.综合练习：改错题:1.The place where we visited last month is famous.2. The first gift which I received was from my brother.3. The only book which I bought in the bookstore is Who Moves My Cheese.4. Do you like the bike I bought it yesterday ?5. A plane is a mach
25、ine can fly in the sky .6. He is one of the students who was praised by the teacher .7. Which is the air-conditioner which you have just bought ?8. That is the girl whos father is an engineer.9. The reason which she was late is that she missed the first bus.选择题1.Ill never forget the day we _ togethe
26、r.A. lived B. spent C. played D. studied2.This is the museum in _ there is a camp exhibition now.A. what B. which C. that D. where3.Can you see the building _windows were all broken ?A. which B. whose C. about which D. that4.The subject _ I am interested most is English.A. in that B. in which C. whi
27、ch D. that5.This is the longest train _ I have ever seen.A. which B. that C. what D. whom6.The girl _ hair is black comes from China .A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 7.February 27,1990 was the date _ my daughter was born.A. that B. when C. on which D. B and C8.Dont read such books _ you cant underst
28、and.A. as B. that C. what D. so9.This is the same book _ you bought yesterday .A. as B. that C. what D. so10.Is that the place _ you stayed last year? A. that B. which C. where D. who11.Is that the place _ you want to visit tomorrow ?A.that B.in which C.where D.on which12.Is that place _ you want to
29、 visit tomorrow ?A. that B. the one C. the one where D. in which13.Is that place _ you want to work after graduation ?A. that B. the one C. the one where D. in which 定语从句（ 一 ）. 基本概念1 什么叫定语从句？在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词。 A plane is a machine that can fly. A couch potato is a person who spends l
30、ots of time watching TV. A zoo is a place where you can see all kinds of animals . A fat cat is a man who is very rich in a big city. I dont believe the news which he told me . -Why didnt you answer my phone last night ?-Oh, that was the time when I was taking a bath. The reason why he was late for
31、class was that he overslept. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.2.什么叫先行词？被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3.什么叫关系词？ 它们的分类？ 它们的功能是什么？连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大功能： 指代先行词 引导定语从句 在定语从句中充当某一成分先行词若在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，则用关系代词引导； 若在从句中充当状语，则用关系副词引导。4. 定语从句的位置往往直接位于先行词的后面。有时先行词和定语从句间有某些成分，这是由于句子结构的需要5引
32、导定语从句的关系词分为两类 关系代词 ：that ，which ,whose(指代物)； who ,whom whose (指代人)as / which (引导非限制性定语从句) 关系副词 ：when , where , why.关系代词：A.找出下列复合句中的主句，定语从句， 先行词 ， 关系代词，关系代词指代什么 ? 在定语从句中充当什么成分？ 并译成中文。 The film which we saw last night was wonderful. A plane is a machine that can fly. The girl who won the first prize i
33、s my sister . The person whom they wanted to visit is a millionaire. The book that he bought last week is very interesting . Yesterday we went to the school that you visited last month. I know a lady whose husband is a writer. The dictionary whose cover is red is mine.注意点：各个关系代词的用法 关系词 指代人，物 在定语从句中充
34、当的成分that 人，物 主，宾，表which 物 主，宾who 人 主，宾，表whom 人 宾，表whose 人，物 定（的）as 人，物 主，宾，表 如果关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语或表语，可以省略B用关系代词 who , whom, that , which, whose 填空 The earthquake _shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. The house _is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake . A clock is a machine
35、 _tells people the time . Luckily , none of the people _I know were killed . The boy _father is a teacher is very clever. Thats the child _drawing we looked at just now . She is not the same lady _we met in the clothes shop yesterday . Do you believe such stories _our teacher told us just now ?C 选择题
36、 We visited the factory _ makes toys for children.A. where B. which C. in which D. at which Ill never forget the place _ I visited ten years ago .A. where B. that C. in which D. what The film _ last night was wonderful.(多选)A. which we saw B. that we saw C. which was shown D. that was shown The girl
37、_ you met just now is very interesting. (多选)A. which B. that C. whom D. who There is a mountain _ top is always covered with snow .A. of that B. whose C. its D. that The car ran over a dog and a boy _ were just crossing the street.A. who B. whom C. that D. which The student _ is a three-good student
38、 . (多选)A. whose parents died B. who you met C. whom you met D. who we were talking about I want to see and thank the woman _ helped me . (多选)A. who B. that C. which D. whose sonD. 把两个简单句合并成一个定语从句eg. Do you like the bike ? My uncle gave it to me .Do you like the bike which my uncle gave it to me ? (
39、)Do you like the bike which my uncle gave to me ? ( )注意： 两个简单句合并为定语从句时，先行词不可重复出现 The girl is not here . She is going to sing a song . The man is rich. He is working in the factory . The school is a big one . The school stands near the river. Have you answered the letter ? You got the letter two week
40、s ago . The boy student is very young . He won the game . Hell meet his daughter . He hasnt seen her for years . My uncle bought the bike last week . The bike has been stolen. How is the man ? You saw him yesterday afternoon. Dont buy any of the vegetables . They sell them in the market . The pen is
41、 very old . I lent it to you this morning . The house is very old . Its windows face south. The girl works very hard . Her father is a doctor .E. Translation 你们想见的那个学生已经来了。 这是一本人人感兴趣的书。 鸟是一种能飞的动物。 我上周买的那支钢笔很便宜。 封面是红色的那本字典是我的。 她就是上次英语演讲比赛中获一等奖的那个女孩。定语从句（ 二 ）定语从句中关系代词使用的注意点： that 指物时，一般都可以和 which 互换使用
42、。 但在下列情况下，只用关系代词 that1. 当先行词是不定代词，如 something, anything, everything, nothing, little, few, much, all , the one , 后面的关系代词只能用 that. I have never taken anything that is hers . I told him all that I know . He gave her everything that he had . Is there anything that I can do for you ? There is not much t
43、hat can be done .2. 先行词被 every, any , no, all, just, the only, the very 等修饰时只能用 that . I have read all the books that you gave me . You can take any book that you like. Every dictionary that our library bought is good . This is the very book (that) I want to buy . Rose is the only flower that I like
44、 .3. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时只能用 that . This is the funniest story that I have ever heard. The first class that he gave was very interesting. The first place that I want to visit is Tian An Men Square.4.先行词既有人又有物时，只能用 that .They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.5. 当主句是以 who
45、或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用 that, 以避免重复。 Who is the boy that was here just now ? Which is the book that you bought last week ?6. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时， 只能用 that .The village is no longer the one that it used to be .当 who 与 that 都指代人时，只用 who 而不用 that 的情况1当先行词是 anyone, one, ones，all,(指人时) All who heard the news we
46、re excited. Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.2. 当先行词为 those,people 时，多用 who Those who want to go please put up your hands. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.3.在非限制性定语从句中须用 whoToms father , who is over sixty , still works hard .4.在被分隔的定语从句中须用 whoA new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.5.在以 there be 开头的句子中多用 whoThere is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.6.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是 that,另一个须用 whoThe student who was praised at the meeting is
