1、1语法专项（三）代词一代词概述：定义：代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。单数 I; you; he; she; it主格复数 we; you; they单数 me; you; him; her; it人称代词宾格复数 us; you; them定义 表示所有关系的代词，也称为人称代词的所有格。形容词性物主代词 my; our; your; his; her; its; their物主代词 分类名词性物主代词 mine; ours; yours; his; hers; its; theirs定义 表示“我自己” ， “你自己” “他自己” ， “我们自己” ， “你们自己” ， “他们自己”
2、等的代词。反身代词例词 myself; yourself; himself; herself; itself; ourselves; themselves; yourselves定义 表示相互关系的代词相互代词例词 each other; one another定义 表示“这个” ， “那个” ， “这些” ， “那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词例词 that; this; those; these定义 不指名代替任何特定名词的代词。不定代词例词 one; all; both; every; each; either; neither; none; many; much; other; ano
3、ther; some; any; no 及 some; every; any; no 构成的复合不定代词。疑问代词 what; who; which; whom; whose连接代词 who; whom; what; which; whose; whoever; whatever; whichever代词分类关系代词 who; that; which; whom; whose; as二：代词用法：（一）人称代词的用法：人称代词在句中可作主语（用主格）或宾语（用宾格） ，也可作表语。-He loves her, but she hates him. 1. 人称代词作表语或单独使用时常用宾格：-W
4、ho is it? -Its me. -Im tired. -Me too.2. 人称代词单独用于 than，as 后常用宾格，但若 than 和 as 后的人称代词后有动词，则要用主格：-He sings better than me.-He sings better than I do.3. 有时主格和宾格都可以用，但意思有变化：-He loves you more than I. 他爱你胜过我爱你。-He loves you more than me. 他爱你胜过爱我。4. 人称代词的排列顺序：单数：二三一 （you, he and I） 复数：一二三 （we, you and they
5、） ；但若用于承担责任或错误等场合时，则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词前：-I and Tom are to blame.（二）物主代词的用法：形容词性物主代词只作定语；名词性物主代词可作主语，宾语，表语，或与 of连用作定语。-His son is taller than hers.-Her son is a friend of mine.注：形容词性物主代词与 own 连用表示“某人自己的”，用来强调所属或独特性。-I want a car of my own.2-Dont use my pen. Why not use your own (pen)?（三）反身代词的用法：反身代词可作
6、同位语（放在被修饰名词后或句末加强语气）宾语或表语。-You yourself said so. / You said so yourself.-She couldnt make herself understood.-The poor girl was myself.包含反身代词的常用词组有：be oneself 身体/头脑正常 teach oneself 自学 behave oneself 守规矩enjoy oneself 过的愉快 come to oneself 苏醒 by oneself(=alone) 独自for oneself 为自己 help yourself 请随便吃 make
7、 yourself at home 请不要拘束（四）相互代词的用法：相互代词在句中只作宾语，所有格形式可作定语; 一般来说，each other 用于两者，one another 用于三者或三者以上，但现代英语中常可换用：-They respect each other/one another.-They pointed out each others/ one anothers weak points.（五）指示代词的用法：指示代词在句中可作主语，宾语，表语或定语。1. 作主语时可指人或物，但作宾语或表语时只能指物。-This is my father/book.-Do you know t
8、his? (此句中的 this 不能指人)2. 有时为了避免重复，可用 that 或 those 代替前面提到的名词, that 还可代替不可数名词。-The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.-This news is better than that.3. this 和 that 可作副词表程度，相当于 so。-I dont want that much.4. 打电话时常用 this 指自己， that 指对方。-Hello, this is Jim. Is that John?（六）不定代词的用法：多数不定代词都能
9、作主语，宾语，表语或定语，但 none 及复合代词不作定语，而 no 和 every 只作定语。1. 指两者的不定代词有：both; either; neither指三者或三者以上的不定代词有：all; any; none; every可用于两者，三者或三者以上的有：each2. some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定，疑问或条件句。但希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中用 some。-Shall I get some for you?3. 复合不定代词的修饰语后置-There is nothing wrong with the computer.4. all, both, every 等与 not
10、 连用构成部分否定；若要完全否定则需用 none, neither, no one 等。（七）疑问代词的用法：疑问代词在句中可作主语，表语，宾语和定语 （who 和 whom 不作定语） 。1. what/which: what 一般指无范围的选择；which 指有范围的选择。-What fruit do you like best?-Which do you like better, oranges or apples?2. what/who: what 一般问的是职业或地位；who 问的是姓名。-What is her husband? -He is a teacher.-Who is h
11、er husband? -He is John, the son of a famous writer.（八）连接代词的用法：连接代词在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语；可引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。-What I want to know is which road we should take.-Whoever comes will be welcome.注：连接代词还可与不定式连用作主语，宾语或表语。3-I dont know what to buy.-Which to choose hasnt been decided.（九）关系代词的用法：关系代词在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语
12、或定语。指人的关系代词：who, whom指物的关系代词：which既可指人又可指物的关系代词：that, whose, as-He is the man who/that lives next door.-I live in a room whose window faces south.（十）几组易混淆代词比较：1. nobody/no one: 指人-谓语单数-who 提问nothing: 指物-谓语单数-what 提问none: （三者或三者以上）指人/ 物-谓语单数-how many/much 提问（和数量有关）neither: （两者） 指人/物-谓语单数注：none/neithe
13、r 后可接 of-I wanted more ice cream but there was _ left.-Who is against this plan? -_. They are all in favor of it.-What is in the box? -_.-If you dont attend the party, _ will I.2. another: (an+other): （泛指）other: (形) +名词/代词 （泛指）the other: 单独使用 （特指两者中的另一个）+名词/代词 others: 代词（复） （泛指）the others: 代词（复） （特指
14、） （指代不可数名词时用 the rest）-I dont like this hat. Please show me _. -Shut _ eye, please.-He is cleverer than _ in his class.3. one: 同名不同物（泛指）指代可数名词单数it: 同名同物（特指）that: 同名不同物（特指） 指代可数名词单数=the one指代不可数名词-Your mp5 is very cool. I will buy _ tomorrow.-Can you lend me your mp5. I like _ very much.-No dictionar
15、y is as useful as _ I bought last year. 4. anything but: 绝不是nothing but: 只是(only)-He is anything but a writer. 他绝不是一位作家。-He is nothing but a writer. 他只是一位作家。5. every: （三者或三者以上）强调全体，只作定语，修饰单数可数名词或 one each: （两者或两者以上）强调个体，可作名词或形容词，在句中作主语，宾语，同位语和定语；可单独使用，也可接 of-I have read _ of the books.-There are tre
16、es on _ side of the road.-Not _ student can be hardworking.三链接高考：41. Ill spend half of my holiday practicing English and _ half learning drawing. (2010 全国卷)A. another B. the other C. others D. other2. Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. (2010 山东卷)A. it B. that C. what D.
17、 one3. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. (2010 山东卷)A. that B. which C. whose D. what4. The newly-built caf, the wall of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. (2010 江苏卷 )A. that B. it C. what D. which5. The fact that she was fo
18、reign made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country. (2010 辽宁卷)A. so B. much C. that D. it6. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say _ for me?A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing7. The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of _ left their village home
19、s for a better life in the city. (2010 浙江卷)A. whom B. which C. them D. those8. _ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. (2010 浙江卷)A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything9. You are a team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea. (2010 安徽卷)A. both B.
20、either C. others D. the other10. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010 北京卷)A. what B. whose C. which D. that11. The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. (2010 陕西卷)A. that B. this C. it D. one12. Neither
21、 side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010 全国卷二)A. others B. the other C. another D. one other13. The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday. (全国卷二)A. this B. that C. one D. it 14. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never f
22、ound _ of them again. (2010 重庆卷)A. neither B. either C. each D. all15. Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a mean of keeping fit. (2010 江西卷)A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything16. Can I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please? (2009 全国卷一)A. who B. wh
23、at C. whoever D. whatever17. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. (2009 全国卷一)A. them B. who C. whom D. these18. One of the most important questions they had to consider was _ of public health. (2009 全国卷一)A. what B. this C. that D. which19. The CDs are on sale! Buy one
24、 and you get _ completely free. (2009 全国卷二)A. other B. others C. one D. ones20. -Wow! Youve got so many clothes.-But _ of them are in fashion now. (2009 上海卷)A. all B. both C. neither D. none21. Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in _ or another for the better. (2009 重庆卷)A.
25、any B. one C. every D. either22. Nine in ten patients said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents. (2009 江苏卷)A. those B. one C. both D. that23. -Ive read another book this week.-Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what
26、 you read that counts. (2009 浙江卷)A. this B. that C. there D. it524. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (2009 湖南卷)A. which B. of which C. that D. whose25. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning
27、 I couldnt face _ day like that. (2009 山东卷)A. other B. another C. the other D. others26. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009 江西卷)A. what B. which C. that D. though27. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good
28、 care of in the village. (2009 安徽卷)A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom28. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _. (2009 四川卷)A. one B. it C. this D. that29. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _ of them. (2009 陕西卷)A. other B
29、. any C. none D. some30. -Which of the two computer games did you prefer?-Actually I didnt like _. (2008 全国卷一)A. both of them B. either of them C. none of them D. neither of them31. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. (2008 全国卷二)A. it B. what C. whic
30、h D. that32. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language. (2008 北京卷)A. none B. neither C. both D. each33. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (2008 北京卷)A. which B. that C.
31、 what D. who34. The two girls are getting on well and share _ with each other. (2008 安徽卷)A. little B. much C. some D. none35. Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury？(2008 江西卷)A. himself B. him C. itself D. it36. Our neighbors gave _ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _ when it fell
32、from its nest. (2008 湖南卷)A. us; it B. us; itself C. ourselves; itself D. ourselves; it37. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. (2008 湖南卷)A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that38. He doesnt have _ furniture in his room-
33、just an old desk. (2008 陕西卷)A. any B. many C. some D. much39. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent. (2008 四川卷)A. any other B. the other C. another D. other40. -Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon? -Sorry, lets make it _ time. (2008 重庆卷)A. others B. the
34、 other C. another D. other41. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008 浙江卷)A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who42. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. (2008 浙江卷)A. what B. that C. which D. one43. -Id like
35、 some more cheese. -Sorry, there is _ left. (2008 浙江卷)A. some B. none C. a little D. few44. -How do you find your new classmates?-Most of them are kind, but _ is so good to me as Bruce. (2008 福建卷)A. none B. no one C. every one D. some one45. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will t
36、ake place in Beijing. (2008 福建卷)A. It B. What C. As D. Which646. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _. (2008 辽宁卷)A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 47. _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (2008 山东卷)A. It B. This C. What D
37、. As48. _ felt funny watching myself on TV. (2007 全国卷二)A. One B. This C. It D. That49. If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. (2007 全国卷二)A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will50. We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. (2007 北京卷)A.
38、 that B. which C. what D. whom51. He has made a lot of films, but _ good ones. (2007 北京卷)A. any B. some C. few D. many52. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007 天津卷)A. this B. that C. it D. these53. The schools music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and t
39、wo _ on the weekend. (2007 安徽卷)A. more B. other C. else D. another54. You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. (2007 安徽卷)A. that; what B. what; 不填 C. which; that D. 不填; that55. Last week, only two people came to look at the house,
40、_ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽卷)A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom56. -What do you think of the performance today?-Great! _ but a musical genius could perform so successfully. (2007 江西卷)A. All B. None C. Anybody D. Everybody57. I dont mind her criticizing me, but _ is h
41、ow she does it that I object to. ( 2007 江西卷)A. it B. that C. this D. which58. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. (2007 湖南卷)A. who B. which C. what D. that59. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there
42、 is _ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” (2007 湖南卷)A. some B. much C. more D. most60. _ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (2007 陕西卷)A. That B. Which C. What D. As61. -There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _?-No, Id rather buy _ in t
43、he bookstore. (2007 陕西卷)A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it62. Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories. (2007 四川卷)A. that B. those C. any D. some63. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly _ left in the house. (2007 重庆卷)A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. s
44、omething64. -He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. -When was _? -_ was in 2000 when he was still in college. (2007 浙江卷)A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It65. The book is of great value. _ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. (2007 福建卷)A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything66. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper. (2007 辽宁卷)A. it B. those C. one D. that
