1、第三章 形容词与副词一、形容词的类别（1）性质性形容词，表事物的性质或特征的形容词，有级的变化，可用程度副词修饰，可用作定语、表语和补语。（2）叙述性形容词，即表语形容词，没有级的变化，不能用程度副词修饰，大多以 a开头的形容词属这一类，如：alike, alive, alone, asleep 等。二、形容词修饰名词的顺序：巧记方法：OSACOMU （阿萨克姆）即：Oopinion 即描绘性的评价形容词Sshape 表形状的形容词Aage 表年龄，新旧的形容词Ccolor 表颜色的形容词Oorigin 表起源，国别的形容词Mmaterial 表材料的形容词Uuse 表用途、目的的形容词例：t
2、hese two round old brown Chinese stone bridges.多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape （形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。This _ girl is Lindas cousin. (05 北京卷)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little
3、pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish丽莎工作室 扣扣 36832371修饰 some, any, every, no 和body, thing, one 等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或 only 修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等作定语时后置 th
4、e only person awake4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置4、形容词的句法功能：（1）做定语，例：Its an interesting English film 这是一部有趣的英语电影。（2）作表语，例：The cloud gets dancer and darker.云越来越黑（3）作补语，例：He was found asleep on the ground.他被发现躺在地上睡着了。（4）作状
5、语：例：They walked on, cold and hungry.他们接着往前走又冷又饿。（5）用于表示类别和整体，例：Global development often means that the rich get richer while the poor get poorer.全球发展经常意味着富人越富而穷人越穷。复合形容词的构成1 形容词+ 名词+edkind-hearted 6 名词+ 形容词 world-famous2 形容词+ 形容词dark-blue 7 名词+ 现在分词peace-loving3 形容词+ 现在分词ordinary-looking 8 名词+ 过去分词s
6、now-covered4 副词+ 现在分词hard-working 9 数词+名词+edthree-egged5 副词+ 过去分词newly-built 10数词+名词 twenty-year二、副词副词主要用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。1、副词的总体位置：（1）在动词之前。（2）在 be 动词、助动词之后。（3）多个助动词时，副词位于第一个之后。注：若宾语过长时，副词可以提前，以保持句子平衡。区分：We cant see it clearly.We can see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.2、不同类副词的位置。（1）前位副词、
7、疑问副词，关系，直接副词和一些修饰全句的副词，常位于句首或主语之前，如：actually, fortunately 等。例：Luckily, our help came.幸运的是，我们有了帮助。（2）中位副词，频度副词常在动词前面，程度副词常在它所修饰的词前面。例：He often agrees with others. 他总是附和别人。6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with7enough 修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置_to take his adventure course will certainly learn a
8、 lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)A.Brave enough students B.Enough brave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough braveUnluckily only his house was badly damaged in the earthquake. 不幸的是，只有他的房子在地震中受到损坏。（3）后位副词：地点、方式和一些表时间副词常位于句末。例：Everything went smoothly.一切进展得很顺利。3、副词的排列顺序：（1）时间、地点副词，小前大后。（2
9、）方式副词、短前、长后且用 and/but 连接。例：Please write slowly and carefully.(3)多种不同副词排列：巧记为：CDFT。即：程度+地点+ 方式+时间副词。例：The students performed wonderfully in the dancing hall last week.学生们上周在舞厅里表现得很出色。注：副词 enough 修饰形容词须后置。例：Students brave enough can get a chance to shake hands with the football star.足够勇敢的学生才有机会和足球巨星握手
10、。4、副词的句法功能：（1）作状语，用修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子。例：The professor felt quite sad because most of the audience hadnt listened carefully enough to understand the importance of protecting our planet.教授很伤心，大多数观众并没有仔细听且理解保护地球的重要性。（2）某些副词作表语或补语。例：I must be off now.Dont leave anything important out.切勿遗漏重要的东西。三、形容词、
11、副词的比较级1、一般单、双音节词直接加-er-est。2、不规则变化：good/well-better-bestbad/ill-worse-worstlittle-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthest.3、没有比较级的形容词和副词。（1）表“极限”意义和绝对概念的形容词或副词。例：absolutely, dead, relative 等（2）表带有“最” 或“ 唯一”的形容词如 favorite, only, unique 等四、比较级的修饰词：1、表程度的副词可用于修饰形容词、副词的比较级例：The patient felt a bi
12、t better today.病人今天感觉好多了。类似的词有：much, a lot, a little, far, a great deal, by far, even 等五、常用比较级的句式：1、A+be+比较级+than+B例：The voyage is more exciting than the last.这次航行比上次刺激得多。2、the+比较级，the+比较级例：The farther you go into the cave, the more youll find.你越走进山洞，发现的东西就越多。3、比较级 and 比较级表 “越来越” 例：With a better und
13、erstanding of science, they got more and more knowledge.随着对科学深入的理解，他们得到的知识越来越多。4、no+比较级+than 和 not +比较级 +than（1）no more than 和 not more than 区分He is no more than 1 meter only 仅仅He is not more than 1 meter 不超过 1 米Your idea is no better than his.你的想法和他的一样糟Your idea is not better than his.你的想法没有他的好 5、b
14、y far 构成的基本句式：基本结构：by far the 和 the very +最高级例： This is by far the best. 这最好不过了。He is the very best we have ever had.他是我们拥有的最好的球员。项 目 例 句同级比较时常常用 asas以及 not so(as)asShe is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good a player as you are.双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than） ”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。This p
15、icture is more beautiful than that one.I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more”句型The harder you work, the more progress you will make用比较级来表达最高级的意思I have never spent a mor
16、e worrying day.我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。（意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。 ）倍数的表达表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four
17、times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice 或 double.6、最高级结构句式：（1）the+最高级+名+ 介词例：You are the best of all the workers.你是最好的工人。（2）适义动词 be+（the
18、）最高级例：The traffic is busiest at this moment.此刻的交通是最繁忙的。（3）最高级+n+but one 表“第二最”例：Tom is the coolest boy but one in the class.在班上，汤姆是第二酷的男孩。（4）a most+adj/adv=a very例：Their experience is a most dangerous one.他们的经历是十分危险的。（5）the last+n+范围例：He is the last person I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。She is the last wom
19、an in the world to tell a lie.她是一个绝不会撒谎的人（6）固定短语中使用：例：at most 最多 at least 最少at worst 最坏 not in the least 一点也不时 间 副 词频度副词 地点/方位副词程度副词 方式副词 疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,once, here, there,very, too, well, how, too, also, yesterday, now,twice, home, below,enough, hard, where, nor, so, then, early, late,al
20、ways, anywhere, rather, quite,alone, when, as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually, above, outside,how, so, fast, why, either,tonight, long,often, in, inside, out, much, just, together, whether yes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly, however, etc.not, neitherago, late
21、r, ever sincenever, away, off, far,almost, hardly,关系副词 maybe,after, whenever(seldom), near, nearby,as long as 等,-ly 结尾的副词where, perhaps,first, someday,ever, wherever even, all, why, how certainly,sometime, everywher a little, a when, last, e, bit丽莎工作室 扣扣 3683237全国最新试题总汇【2013 福建】25. The Forbidden Cit
22、y attracts a _ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.A. constant B. main C. powerful D. shallow1【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A 项“持续不断的” ；B 项“主要的” ；C“强大的” ；D 项“浅的” ；根据句意“紫禁城每天都会吸引源源不断的客流” ，故答案为 A。【2013 福建】31. Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner whe
23、re they could buy _ priced bike.A. competitively B. recently C. reasonably D. affordably2【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A 项 “具竞争性地” ，B 项“最近” ，C 项“合理地，理性地，相当” ，D 项“不太昂贵地” 。根据 Those poor and needy teenagers（那些贫穷的青少年）可知，那个商店定价不太昂贵，故答案选 D。【2013 福建】35. A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it
24、cannot be successful _ if we do something to stop progress.A. either B. neither C. too D. also3【答案】A【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意，一个社会不可能会成功如果.，一个社会也不会成功如果。表示“也不” ，故选 A。【2013 湖北】27. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often _ rather than based on fixed criteria.A. appropriate B. conscio
25、us C. arbitrary D. controversial4【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句意：人们抱怨赞成或否定一个允许的那些决定常常是武断的而不是基于一些固定的标准。【2013 湖北】28. He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a _ contribution to help the community.A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable5【答案】B【解析】考查形容
26、词辨析。根据前句可知他不自私；因此是做了一个慷慨的捐献。故选 B。【2013 湖北】29. Dont defend him any more. Its obvious that he _ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.A. accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily6【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。根据句意：很显然他是蓄意破坏花园的栅栏，而且没有道歉。【2013 江西】24. What a terrible experience ! _, youre
27、 safe now - thats the main thing.A. Anyway B. Besides C. Otherwise D. Therefore7【答案】A【解析】考查副词。此处考查表示上下连接关系的副词。A 项“不管怎样” ；B 项“而且” ；C 项“否则” ；D 项“因此” ； 根据句意：多么可怕的经历！_， 主要的事情是，现在你是安全的。可知答案为 A。丽莎工作室 扣扣 3683237【2013 江西】26. There are a small number of people involved, possibly _twenty.A. as few as B. as li
28、ttle as C. as many as D. as much as8【答案】A【解析】考查比较级句型。句意表达人很少，少达 20 人。People 为可数名词，故使用 few来替代，故答案选 A。【2013 辽宁】27. Everything seemed to be going _ for the first two days after I moved to New York.A. vividly B. generally C. frequently D. smoothly9【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A 项 “生动逼真地” ；B 项“一般地，通常” ；C 项“经常” ；D 项“顺
29、利地” 。根据句意，一切进展顺利，故选 D。【2013 辽宁】33. This is by far _ movie that I have ever seen.A. an inspiring B. a much inspiringC. the most inspiring D. the more inspiring10【答案】C【解析】考查形容词比较等级。根据标志性词语 by far 及 I have ever seen 可知此处使用最高级，意为：这是迄今为止我所看过的最具激励性的电影。【2013 天津】3. I think watching TV every evening is a was
30、te of time-there are meaningful things to do.A. less B. more C. the least D. the most11【答案】B【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据句意：看电视是浪费时间，因为有（比看电视）更有意义的事情可以做。故选比较级 more。【2013 新课标 II 卷】9. It may not be a great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it.A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D.
31、 a best one12【答案】B【解析】考查形容词比较等级。句意：这也许不是一个很好的建议，但在提出一个更好的建议之前，我们会设法应付的。根据句意用比较级。【2013 新课标 I 卷】25. Tony can hardly boil an egg，still cook dinner.A. less B. little C. much D. more13【答案】A【解析】考查形容词、副词比较级。根据句意：Tony 几乎不能煮蛋，而且更少做饭。Still修饰比较级。故选 A。【2013 浙江】2. Mary worked here as a _ secretary and ended up g
32、etting a full-time job with the company.A. pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious14【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A 项“悲观的” ； B 项“临时的 ”； C 项“先前的” ； D 项“谨慎的” ；根据语境词 full-time 可知答案选 B。【2013 浙江】6.If we leave right away, _, well arrive on time.A. hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually15【答案】A【解析】
33、考查副词辨析。根据句意：如果我们马上离开，我们就有希望按时到达。故答案选 A（抱有希望的） 。此处 hopefully, well arrive on time 相当于 its hopeful that well arrive on time。【2013 浙江】18. If what your friend comes up with surprises you, dont reject it immediately. _ , imagine that it is true.A. Thus B. Besides C. Rather D .Otherwise16【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A
34、 项 “那么，因此” ； B 项“而且” ； C 项“更确切地说；还不如说，相反” ； D 项“否则” ；根据句意，如果你朋友想出的东西让你感到惊奇，不要立刻就反对，还不如设想它是真实的。故选 C。【2013 安徽】30. David is animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.A. curious about B. allergic to C. satisfied with D. fond of17【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后句“他不愿意去看望任何家里养猫狗的人”可知他对动物皮毛
35、过敏。故选 B。【2013 安徽】31. If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed. ,they will learn to take care of themselves.A. On the contrary B. In a wordC. That is to say D. Whats more18【答案】D【解析】考查副词短语。本题考查表上下连接的副词性短语，根据前后两句句意，可知后句为递进关系。故选 D“而且 ”。【2013 安徽】33. It s said that the p
36、ower plant is now large as what it was.A. twice as B. as twiceC. twice much D. much twice19【答案】A【解析】考查比较级倍数表达句型。句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象。故选 A。丽莎工作室 扣扣 3683237真题实练The adjective, or the Adverbial 形副09. 19. My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _ expensive.A.
37、 as B. so C. too D. very10. 12The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too_Asmall Bfew Clarge Dmany11. 12. How was your recent trip to Sichuan?Ive never had one before.A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant【2012 四川】7. The hotel is almost finished, but it _ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.A. only B. also C. even D. still【答案】D【2012 四川】16. I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely wont make _ difference to me.A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a 【答案】D
