1、星沙英语网 Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮【New words and expressions】 生词和短语puma n. 美洲狮spot v. 看出，发现evidence n. 证据accumulate v. 积累，积聚oblige v. 使感到必须hunt n. 追猎；寻找blackberry n. 黑莓human being 人类corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境trail n. 一串，一系列print n. 印痕cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘convince v.使信服somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因d
2、isturb v. 令人不安学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句型结构时则要把它放在段落结构或文章里 spot v. 看出，发现to notice someone or something, especially when they are difficult to see or recognizee.g:I spotted a police car behind us.It can be hard for even a trained doctor to spot the symptoms of lung cancer.I spotted someone
3、coming out of the building.pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。spot(做动词时候 ) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。同意词比较：find 强调发现的结果。find out 查出事实真相。discover 做出重大发现notice 注意到observe 观察watch 观察活动中的人或画面spot n. 斑点
4、eg: There is a white spot on the shirt.on the spot 1,立刻，马上（at once, immediately ）Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.2,at the place of the action 在现场Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.evidence un. 证据 不可数名词When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the
5、 evidence.evidence=proof(n.证据)in evidence:显而易见的.He was in evidence at the party.evident adj./evidently adv. accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚accumulate 强调积累的过程As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.gather vt. 聚集， 把某人召集在某处we gathered under tower clock.The teacher gathered
6、 his students in the class.collect 收集 ，采集星沙英语网 Do you collect stamps?Yes,I collect stamps as my hobby.assemble 集合 ，集会， vt. 装配A large number of people assemble on the square.hoard 大量地贮存 hoard up= store upThe squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter. (squirrel n.松鼠; nut n. 坚果)amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）T
7、he clouds amassed above the hills.oblige v. 使 感到必须 make sb feel it is necessary to do sth feel obliged to do sth. =feel that you have a duty to do something 感觉有必要做某事I feel obliged to say no to his demand(n.要求).I felt obliged to invite him.be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事They were obliged do sell their car
8、 to pay their debts off.(debt n.债务, 罪过)Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business. hunt vt.n. 追猎；寻找The experts form London zoo bagan to hunt(vt.) for a puma.The hunt(n.) for the puma proved the difficulte.search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物,与 hunt 意义极其接近The ploice were searching the forest for the missing
9、 boy.And the search for that boy proved the difficulte.run after 强调追赶、追求.Look,a dog is running after a cat.What are you running after in your life?seek 追寻（梦想，理想= pursue）多用于书面chase 追赶.They are chasing a thief./They are running after a thief.corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境corner n. 角落at the corner of the street
10、in the corner of the roomon the corner of the deskbe cornered 被逼得走投无路常用于被动语态：The thief was cornered at last.The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难倒了。trail n. 一串，一系列 a trail of blood 一串串血痕trail=follow vt. 跟踪eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding. （criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者）cling (clun
11、g, clung,clinging ) v. 粘eg: She is always clinging to her mother.He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有梦想、希望)stick v.粘住 stick the envelop (envelop n.信封)stick to 坚持 stick to the plan/stick to ones promise.sticky adj. 粘的 sticky fingersconvince vt. 使信服 -convince sb. of sth 使某人相信某事I convinced
12、 him of my honesty.-和宾语从句 that 搭配使用没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convincedThe experts from the zoo were convinced that the animal was the puma.sb be convinced sb 相信I am convinced that she is a honest girl.somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown星沙英语网 Ill get the book back
13、somehow.无论如何I get lost somehow. 不知怎么搞地somewhat adv.(=a little ) 稍微, 有点, 有些The price is somewhat higher than I expected. disturb v. 令人不安You disturb me.disturbing adj. 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的【Text】 Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮listen to the t
14、ape then answer the question below. 听录音, 然后回答以下问题. Where must the puma have come from?Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evi
15、dence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away fro
16、m her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it
17、left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convi
18、nced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is distu
19、rbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.【课文讲解】at large 1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。if a dangerous person or animal is at large, they have escaped from somewhere or have not been caughte.g:The thief is still at large.2：详细的(in detail)I need talk to you at large.3：总体来讲（=
20、as a whole）The students at large are hungry for English.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点E.g.: Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.cat-like adj.象猫的 , 偷偷摸摸的dog-like adj.象狗的, 顽强的, 忠实的life-like 栩栩如生的When reports came
21、into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。定语从句的引导词：指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which时间状语：when; 地点状语： where; 原因状语： why同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容同位语
22、从句的引导词：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用 that 而不是 which时间 when; 地点 where星沙英语网 定语从句中没有 what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句eg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.I have no idea what has happened to him.(An idea)come to sb.某人突然想到了they were not taken seriously. (they 指代 reports)take sth. seriously=deal
23、 with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事e.g:I always take your suggestions seriously.take sth. lightly: 草率对待某事e.g:Dont take the hot potato lightly.( hot potato n.困境, 烤马铃薯，棘手的问题)However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people
24、 who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.However adv.然而 （起转折作用） as 连词，随着，当.之时过去分词做定语 the descriptions given by people the story told by sailor.( sailor n.海员, 水手) a book written by Luxunclaim to have done sth 声称曾经作过某事 He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop. The h
25、unt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her.yard n. 码，院子where a woman picking 定语从句-I still remember the school where I studied English.It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not at
26、tack a human being unless it is cornered.confirm: be sure, be certain：vt. 确定unless it is cornered=if it is not cornered(unless conj.如果不, 除非)He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another plac
27、e twenty miles away in the evening.search=huntWherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.把某物留在后面：leave behindWherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。(wound n.创伤, 伤口 vt.伤, 伤寒 v.击伤)Paw prints were seen in a number
28、 of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者puma fur was found clinging to bushes.(被动)-We found the puma fur clinging to bushes.(主动)clinging to bushes-现在分词作宾补Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the pum
29、a up a plain of / about :抱怨on + 名词：强调动作正在进行on the rise:在上升/on the increase: 在增加on the watch: 在观看 /on the match:在比赛中on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中/on holiday: 在度假The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?fully: completely, entirely adv.充分地, 完全地, 足足, 至少As
30、no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the 星沙英语网 possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.Sth be in the possession of sb=sth be in sbs possession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)eg: The beautiful car is in my possession .= The beautiful car is
31、i in the possession of mesb be in possession of sth. 某人 拥有某物I am in possession of the beautiful car.（in possession of 作表语）The person in possession of the big house is excited.( in possession of 作定语)take possession of 拥有The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.Went on =last 持续,
32、继续前进It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.It is disturbing to think that 一想到 就心里不安eg: It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination.in the quiet countryside.在宁静的小山村熟读并背诵第一自然段总结：at largetake sth. seriouslycling toleave behindcomplain
33、ofin the possession of / in possession offeel obliged to investigatea woman picking blackberriesa businessman on a fishing tripgo on several weeksin the quiet countryside【Exercises】A. Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:1 What are you looking ?2 Where is your mo
34、ther going ?3 Whom has the letter been sent ?4 This is the house I was born ?5 What does your decision depend ?key: 1 at / for 2 to 3 to 4 in 5 onB. Write these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which.1 He is the man about whom we h
35、ave heard so much.2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed.3 From whom did you receive a letter?4 This is the road by which we came.5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing?key:1 He is the man we have heard so much.2 The shelf you put those books has collapsed.3 whom did you r
36、eceive a letter from?4 This is the road we came by.5 Where is the pencil you were playing?注意：3 whom 不能省略定语从句中 which 以及指代人的做宾语的 whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词whom,which 前，只能用于 非固定的动词短语后面。以 look 为例固定的动词短语look for: 寻找 (去掉 for 后，没有寻找的意思，故介词不能前置)星沙英语网 非固定的动词短语look at: 注视 / live in: 居住 (去掉介词意思不变，故介词可以
37、前置)eg: This is the old house in which he lived. / This is the old house he lived in【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 1. Experts eventually decided to investigate .a. because they did not believe that pumas existed in England.b. because they wanted a puma for the London Zoo.c. when a woman saw a puma
38、in a small village.d. because peoples descriptions of the puma had a lot in common.要求陈述原因：1 Din common adv.共有 （替换了 similar）2. What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village?a. The puma had not attacked the woman. b. The woman had described the animal
39、 she had seen as a large cat.c. A puma had come very close to a human being.d. The puma had behaved like a cat.A 只是一个具体的特定的事例，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意B large cat 关键性用词 Persuade v.说服, 劝说, (使)相信, 劝某人做( 不做)某事2. BPumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.3. What was the problem the experts wer
40、e unable to solve?a. How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day.b. How the puma had escaped from a zoo.c. Whom the puma had belonged to.d. How the puma had climbed a tree.A 文章中未提到3 C做理解题时要紧扣主题，紧扣中心大意文章最后一句话总结了大意：It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still
41、 at large in the quiet countryside.句型结构题和词汇题是关键4. The accumulating evidence made the experts the animal was a puma. (lines 4-6)a. to think b. thinking c. think d. thoughtmake 的用法 make sb. do, 主动语态中不定式 to 的符号应该省略be made to do 被动语态中不定式 to 的符号必须补充完整e.g:They made her wait for hours. / She was made to wa
42、it for hours.5 People said the puma.(lines 5-6)a. to have seen b. to see c. they saw d. they had seen把say 改成 claim-People claimed to have seen the puma.就对了！5. D-清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系6 , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)a. Observing her b. On being observed c. Having been observed d. On her being observ
43、ed与原句中的when意思要一致，when引导的时间状语从句表示“一 就”结构形式和as soon as 相一致的如果用主动：On observing her, it immediately ran away.On seeing me, he waved to me.6B7 Pumas never attack a human being except cornered.(lines 9)a. they are b. being c. that they are d. when they are星沙英语网 原句中unles=-ifnot= except on the condition tha
44、twhen=ifexcept可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可以是when / if 引导的从句形式。Except when they are cornered=except if they are corneredWhatever you come,you are welcome.=If ever you come,you are welcome.7 D8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal a puma. (lines 13-14)a. must be b. should have been c. can only b
45、e d. could only have been must be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致8 D情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用于情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配。9 The woman saw a large cat five yards away from her.(lines 7-8)a. at least b. four or c. no more than d. withinno more than = nothing more than=only within = not more than9. C10 A puma will not att
46、ack a human being unless it feels itself to be .(line 9)a. in a corner b. in a trap c. at an angle d. under coverin a corner 偷偷摸摸地， 暗中地， 秘密地，表示处于困境、尴尬的境地in a trap 表示落于陷阱中at an angle 倾斜地 , 成一定角度，表示弯曲的、不直的under cover adv.隐藏着，表暗中，秘密地10 B11 A businessman on a fishing trip is probably someone who .(line
47、13)a. sells fish b. fishes for pleasure c. nets fish d. earns his living as a fisherman fishes for pleasure 钓鱼为了游玩travel for pleasure 外出游玩read for pleasure 阅读消遣12 A private collector is a man who collects .(lines 15-16)a. for his own benefit b. on his own c. in private d. unknown to the public12 Aon
48、 his own = alone adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地for ones own benefit 为了某人自己的利益补充材料： Puma = mountain lion / cougar / panther Rattlesnake 响尾蛇 / jaguar 美洲虎 / cheetah 猎豹 spot e.g: I can spot a thief in the crowd.Recognize （短暂）认出 / identify 确认（ID）e.g: UFOUnidentified Flying Object / Confirm 确认 evident 明显的 sure 主观 e.g:
49、Thats for sure! 肯定的proof n.证据 / witness n.证人，目击者 vt.目击 / affirmation n.（抽象）肯定 accumulate （抽象）assemble 组装 / amass（大块）聚集/ accelerate 速度 /gather 聚集 /collect 收集 oblige vt.迫使, 责成 obligation n义务I must /I ought to/I have got to/Im forced to/Im obliged to 理应 hunt for 找寻 同结构 go for 喜欢同义：go after 追求 / chase 追赶 /seek 寻觅 /pursue（抽象）
