1、下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。 一、 一般现在时: 1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式) 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加 dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 doesnt,同时还原行为动词。
2、5.一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首;用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 6.例句:. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、 一般过去时: 1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month), in 1989, j
3、ust now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构: be 动词;行为动词 的过去式 4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加 didnt,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:was 或 were 放于句首;用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词。6.例句:She often came to help us in those days. I didnt know you were so busy. 三、 现在进行时: 1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的
4、动作及行为。 2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首。 6.例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、 过去进行时: 1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状
5、语等。 3.基本结构:was/were+doing 4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑问句:把 was 或 were 放于句首。 6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、 现在完成时: 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.
6、3.基本结构:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句:have 或 has。 6.例句:Ive written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 六、 过去完成时: 1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去” 。 2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 3.基本结构:had + done. 4
7、.否定形式:had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句:had 放于句首。 6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 七、 一般将来时: 1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3
8、.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do. 4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加 didnt,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:be 放于句首;will/shall 提到句首。 6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、 过去将来时: 1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year),the following
9、 month(week),etc. 3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do. 4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句:was 或 were 放于句首;would/should 提到句首。 6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there . 九.将来完成时: 1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 2.时间状语:by the tim
10、e of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+ 从句(将来) 3.基本结构: be going to/will/shall + have done 十.现在完成进行时: 1.概念:在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止 2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing 几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式: 十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的
11、句型中;瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时” 的句型中,表示 “自从以来有时间”的意思,主句一般用it is 来代替 It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看: A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.
12、D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中,at 加上名词表示“处于某种状态” ,如 at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看: Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中 go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连
13、用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“ 我就来,妈妈! ”请看: The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 十六种时态 一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时; 现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时; 现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时; 现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时初中八种时态列表比较概念 结构 时间状语 否定和一般疑问句is/ am/ arev.原形/v.单三一般现在时表示经常、反复发生的动作或者行为及目前的某种状况
14、,还可以用来表示某个事情的特点和性质。have/ hasoften usually always Sometimes every week neveronce a week on Sundays 主语am/is/are not 主语dont/ doesnt 动词原形Am/Is/Are主语?Do/Does 主语动词?was/ were动词过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或者状态,过去习惯性经常性的动作或者状态。 hadago yesterday in 1989 one dayat the age of twelve long long ago the day before yeste
15、rday just now last week/year/month/ night主语was/werenot . 主语didnt动词原形.Was/Were 主语? Did主语谓语动词?will/shallv.一般将来时表示将来某个时间里发生的动作或者状态,或者将来某一段时间经常发is/am/ are going to tomorrow in the futurenext week/month/year主语wont 动词原形 主语isnt/arent +going to动词原形Will/Shall 主语动词原生的动作或者状态。v. 形? Am/Is/Are 主语going to谓语动词?woul
16、d/shouldV.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。was/were goingtov.the next day/ week/ month/ year 等主语wouldnt /shouldnt动词原形 主语wasnt/werent +going to动词原形Would/Should 主语动词原形.? Was/Were 主语going to谓语动词?现在进行时表示说话时正在发生的动作,或现阶段进行的动作,但说话时不一定正在进行。is/ am/ are现在分词now at this time at present these days主语am/is/are +not现在分
17、词Am/Is/Are 主语现在分词?过去进行时表示过去某个时间里正在发生的动作或者行为。was/were现在分词then at that time at ten last night 主语wasnt/werent 现在分词 Was/Were 主语现在分词?现在完成时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。have/has 过去分词already just ever Never yet since so far before for主语havent/hasnt过去分词 Have/Has主语过去分词?过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或者行为。had过去分词by the time before we got thereafter by the end of 主语hadnt过去分词 Had主语过去分词?