1、专题十三强调句，省略句，倒装句1.强调句(1) 强调人时可用who，强调其他任何部分都用that。所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.不仅是盲人才会犯这种愚蠢的错误。It is American movies that he likes to watch.他喜欢看的是美国电影。(2) 强调句型的一般疑问句只需把 is/was提前。Was it in 1933 that the Second World War
2、broke out?第二次世界大战是在1933年爆发的吗?Is it American films that he likes to watch most?他最喜欢看的是美国电影吗？(3) 强调句型的特殊疑问句结构是 “疑问词+ is/was+it+that从句”。Why is it that smoking is not allowed here?为什么不允许在这儿抽烟?(4) 原因状语从句中只有because 引导的从句可以被强调。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt come to school yesterday. 是因为她妈
3、妈病了她昨天才没来上学的。(5) 在not .until .结构中，对until引导的短语或从句进行强调时，需用It isnt/wasnt until .that .这一固定句型。that 从句中谓语动词用肯定形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位著名的影星。注意：It is/was .that .结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do，did或does+动词原形，且只限于祈使句和肯定的陈述句。Do b
4、e careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要当心。Mike does enjoy playing football. 迈克确实喜欢踢足球。2.省略句(1) 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if， unless， as if， though， as等引导的状语从句中，若从句中的谓语有be动词，而从句的主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。Unless (I am) invited, I won t go to the party.如果没被邀请，我是不会去参加那个聚会的。When
5、(you are) working，you must pay attention.工作时，你必须全神贯注。2) 在as， than， however， whatever， no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。I must get it done whatever the cost (may be).无论代价多大，我都要把这件事情办好。I can only do it the way as was told to(do it that way).我只能按照吩咐去做。(3)虚拟条件句常省略if，将were ，had ，should提前构成倒装。Should there be
6、a flood(=If there should be a flood)，what should we do?如果发洪水，我们该怎么办? (4)有些状语从句置于句末，可以作句尾省略，有时也可以省略整个从句。John will go there if my brother will(go). 如果我哥哥去那儿，约翰也去。I would have come yesterday (If I had wanted to). 我昨天本来可以来的。3.倒装句(1) 表示否定意义或半否定意义的词置于句首时，常用部分倒装。常见的词有:seldom， never， hardly， no， not， little
7、等。 Little did he know that the police were around.他一点儿也不知道警察就在旁边。Never before has our country been as united as it is. 现在我们的国家空前团结。(2) 由only，not until引导的状语置于句首时, 常用部分倒装。Only by working hard can we succeed.只有努力工作,我们才能取得成功。(3) no sooner .than， hardly .when等结构中，no sooner和hardly 置于句首时，主句用倒装形式。No sooner
8、had he arrived home, he began to prepare the supper.他一到家就开始准备晚饭。Hardly had he entered the room, it began to rain.他一进屋就开始下雨了。(4) 在so/such .that引导的结果状语从句中，so 或such引导的部分置于句首时主句用倒装。So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.湖水那么浅，以致于没有鱼能在里面生存。Such a good boy is he that we all love him.他是那么好的一个孩子
9、，我们都喜欢他。另外，“so/neither/nor+be/助动词/ 情态动词+主语”so与前面的肯定句呼应，neither/nor与前面的否定句呼应。其中动词的形式取决于前一句的动词。表示前者的情况也（不）适用于后者或一者(不)具备两种情况。After that we never saw her again，nor did we hear from her.从那以后我们再也没见过她，也没有收到过她的信件。Isaw the film last week.So did she.上周我看了这部电影，她也看了。(5) 省略if的虚拟条件句以had/were/should开头引起的倒装。Were sh
10、e my friend, I would ask her for help.如果她是我的朋友，我就会请她帮忙。1. What has Tom been doing recently?I dont know， care.A. nor I do B. nor do I C. neither am D. neither I am2. How about going to a concert this weekend? Its a few months since I enjoyed myself in the last one.A. Why B. Why not C. What for D. Wha
11、t3. Will you go to Marys wedding next Sunday?No, I wont -_- Im invited toA. if B. Since C. even though D. although4. Just in the centre of our city_- with a history of 1000 years.A.stands a tall tree B.does a tall tree stand C.a tall tree is standing D.a tall tree stands5. In Switzerland, six miles
12、west of Geneva_ a collection of laboratory buildings. A.lie B.are lying C.lies D.lays6. Where was it_ the earthquake broke out yesterday?In an Italian city.） A.where B.which C.how D.that7. Under no circumstances_ to the teacher. A.is this the first time he has lied B.this is the first time he has li
13、edC.is this the first time has he lied D.this is the first time he is lying8. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship， is more true than any other. A.once gained B.when to gain C.after gaining D.while gaining9. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that_you had a fe
14、w days off? A. how B. when C. what D. where10. _that he managed to get the information?Oh, a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it 11. If_ , ice can be turned into water. A. to heat B. heating C. heats D. heated12. It is exactly we behave has changed th
15、e world. A. which; that B. how; that C. how; what D. what; that13. Unsatisfied_ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though14. Is there a hospital here?No, but there -A. would B. used toC. used to be D. ought
16、to 15. It was_ he came back from Africa that year_ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; untilC. not until; that D. only; when16. So you have met Maria?Yes, it was last week we attended Jacks party. A. where B. when C. that D. why17. Through a telescope_ the surface of the Ma
17、rs when it comes nearer to the earth.A. can one observe B. one can observe C. can observe one D. observe one can18. According to the law, it is_ get your license. A. not until youre eighteen can you B. until youre eighteen that you cant C. not until youre eighteen that you can D. until youre eightee
18、n when you cant 19. Only under special circumstances_to take make-up tests. A. are freshmen permitted B. permitted are freshmenC. freshmen are permitted D. are permitted freshmen?20. How was the weather then?Hardly_ off the plane，when it started to rain.A.I had stepped B.had I stepped C.I stepped D.
19、did I step21._- by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.A. OnlyB. Just C. Still D. Yet22. When first_- to the market, the computer software was not a success due to its complexity in operation. A. introducing B. being introduced C. introduced D. to be introduced
20、23. Though_ to go to bed many times, the little boy just turned a deaf ear and fixed his eyes on the cartoons. A. urging B. being urged C. urged D. having urged24. Can you explain_- most deserts are located near the west coast of the continents? A. why is it that B. why it is that C. how it is that
21、D. how is it that25. The girl is going to study abroad next month and_- when he was young.A. so her father was B. so her father did C. so was her fatherD. so did her father动词主要时态1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有 often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work
22、at 7 oclock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, afte
23、r, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided.If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again 等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等） 。We are having English class.The house is being built t
24、hese days.The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语） 。Marry is leaving on Friday3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在
25、完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪 / 年/
26、月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等考点四：表示“第几次做某事， ”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。This is my first time that I have vi
27、sited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.4一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to 为不定式，后接动词原形。be/become/get used t
28、o + doing，表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer.5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shoute
29、d for help.What were you doing at nine last night?6. 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去” ，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考点一
30、：用于 hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）考点二：表示“第几次做某事 ”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she
31、 had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had parted。考点三：动词 hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped that I could do the job.7. 一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和 tomorrow, next year, in 2008 等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达 5 种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic G
32、ames in 2008.考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。 ）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如 arrive, come, go, leave, start 等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中 and 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you w
33、ill find a way.考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形” ，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am (is, are) to + 动词原形” 表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May. 8、将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。9、将来完成时表在将来某时
34、刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用 by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year 以及由 by the time, before 或 when 等引导的副词从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday,
35、I will have got ready for the exams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.i10. 动词的语态一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise,
36、 occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation. 考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与 well, quite, easily, badly 等副词连用。lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )；Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated,这些句子一般翻译为“据说”， “人们认为”，而 “以前人们认为 ” 则应该说：It was believed, It was thoughte has written
