1、倒装、省略与替代等,（Inversion, Ellipsis and Substitution, etc）,倒装 (Inversion),倒装是语言中的一种强调手段，通常将正常语序中较晚出现的成分移至句首。倒装主要分为全部倒装和部分倒装。,全部倒装(又称主谓倒装),即把整个谓语置于主语之前： 状语/表语+谓语+主语 Here comes the bus. Away went the car. First came the president and then his wife. Equally inexplicable（难以理解的）was his behavior towards his so
2、n.,There, in the distance, stands a big tree. Sitting around her were her children. 注意：在该句型中，如果主语为代词，主语和谓语动词不倒装。如： Away they went. There he comes.,部分倒装的几种情况,一、句首为否定副词或带有否定意义的词组时 常见词(组)有never, nowhere, no sooner (than), not until, infrequently, little, rarely, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, not only,
3、in no way, by no means, in/under no circumstances等。 Neither do we know how the universe began, or how it will end-if, indeed, it ends at all.,Never will anybody move without a force strong enough to overcome the resistance. Never has my brother been abroad before. Hardly had I sat down when I heard
4、someone knocking at the door. No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.,二、only置于句首，修饰状语(从句)时 Only in this way can we accomplish it on time. Only as the air bubbles out（排出）does the water fill the container. 注意：only修饰主语时不倒装。 Only this way leads to the island. Only a
5、 small number of people supported the government at that time.,三、句首为表示方式及频度的副词时 Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical. Well do I remember the day when it happened. Often had I intended to speak of it. 四、以so (that)开头的句子 So great was the destruction that the south took decades to r
6、ecover. So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given more pay.,五、as引导的让步状语从句中，表示状态、情形的形容词或零冠词名词置于句首 Prominent (卓越的) as he is in his field, he remains easy-going. Child as he is, he does envy him. 六、在省略了if的虚拟条件句中 Were I you, I wouldnt feel sorry. Had the captain been more careful
7、, his ship would not have been sunk. Should the weather be wet, the meeting would not be held.,省略与替代 (Ellipsis and Substitution),省略与替代二者有着紧密的联系，都是为了精简词语和避免重复，常常交替使用，从而使语言简洁明了，上下文联系更加紧密。,省略: 某一句子成分的省略,(I) Beg your pardon? (There) Must be somebody waiting for you. Well do the best we can (do). Only on
8、e of us was injured, and he (was injured) just slightly. - Which of them is the better choice? - Well, its hard to tell (it).,Lets do the dishes. Ill wash (dishes) and you dry (dishes). Is this your bike? - Yes, it is (mine). Hes a real man. - Who is (a real man)? If you need any of that firewood, I
9、 can give you plenty (of that firewood). That letter was the last (I ever received from her).,省略: 多个句子成分的省略,(It is) Interesting, isnt it? (Is there) Anybody in? (Have you) Got a light? How could you (say so)? Why (dont you) not go by bus? - Which is the best? - The red one (is the best). - Have you
10、finished the work? - Yes, I have (finished it).,He paused as if (he were) expecting Jenny to speak. When (she was) asked about it, she only smiled without giving any answer. It is easier to make a plan than (it is) to carry it out. - Do you like the film? - Oh, (I like it) very much.,省略: 从句或整句省略,- S
11、hall I make a fair copy of it?- Yes, (you can make a fair copy of it) if time permits. You would do the same (if you were in my position). I asked her when she would leave, and she said she didnt know (when she would leave).,是指用替代词代替名词或名词词组。常见的名词替代词有代词，one / ones, the same, the kind, the sort等。如： Th
12、e child doesnt like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one =book) Todays libraries are quite different from those of the past. (those =the libraries) - Ill have two boiled eggs, please. - Id like the same. (the same =two boiled eggs),替代: 名词性替代,是指用替代词代替动词或动词短语。常见的动词替代词有do, do so等。如： John sp
13、eaks French as fluently as he does German. He said he would tell me the news, but he didnt do so. - I like playing football. - So do I. - Mary will enter the competition. - So will Joan.,替代：动词性替代,句子替代是指用替代词代替整个从句。主要替代词有so和not。如： - Do you think hell come tomorrow? - Yes, I think so. /No, I dont think
14、 so. (so =that hell come tomorrow) - Do you hope that they will come soon? - No, I hope not. (not =that hell not come tomorrow),替代： 句子替代,历年真题,1. It is going to be fine tomorrow _. (2009) A. So is it. B. So it is. C. So it does. D. So does it. 2. Little _ about her own safety, though she herself was
15、in great danger. (2009) A. she cared B. she may care C. may she care D. did she care,3. Which of the following is INCORRECT? (2008) A. All his lectures were boring. C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing. B. Half his money was gone. D. He invited many his friends to the party. 4. When you have f
16、inished with that book, dont forget to put it back on my desk, _? (2008) A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you,5. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?“ EXCEPT (2008) A. Jim did this. B. Jim did so. C. Jim did that. D. Jim did. 6 There used to be a pet
17、rol station near the park, _? (2006) A didnt it B doesnt there C usednt it? D didnt there,7. _, Ill marry him all the same.(2004) A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor 8. _ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (2003) D A. As mush as B
18、. So much C. How much D. Much as,9. “It seems that she was there at the conference.“ The sentence means that she _ there at the conference.(2009) A. seems to be B. seemed to be C. seems to have been D. seemed to being there 10. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete “ _ everybody
19、 came“? A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost,11. In “How much do you think he earns?“ how much is _ of the sentence. (2009) A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement 12. “The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer“ has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT
20、(2009) A. the man who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents. C. the man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents.,13. What does “He wisely refused to spend his money“ mean? (2008) A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his mone
21、y. B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner. C. He was short of money and didnt want to buy anything. D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.,14. Which of the following sentences expresses “probability“? (2008) A. You must leave immediately. B. You must be feeling rather tired. C. You must be here by eight oclock. D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.,
