1、翻译时句子成分的转换: 英译汉时，有时为了通顺，往往需要将原文的某一句子成分转译成另一部分进行句子成分的转换：非主语转译成主语：定语译为主语a. If there should be any last-minute change in the sailing time, well contact you by telephone.开船时间假如临时有更改，我们会用电话通知你。（状语译为主语）b. In many countries, free-port areas or foreign-trade zones have been established, where foreign mercha
2、nts need not pay tariffs fort their unloaded goods if the goods remain within these areas or zones. c. 许多国家都建立了自由港和保税区，在那里，外国商人只要是在本区内，未卸船的货物可以不纳税。 d. The average temperature in summer is as high as 35C. One can not be pleasant living in that place.夏天的平均温度高达摄氏 35C，生活在那里不可能舒服。e. A good many new books
3、 were published by the Foreign Language Press last year.外文出版社去年出版了许多新书。谓语译为主语f. When a material is stressed beyond the elastic limit a permanent deformation results当一种材料的应力超过弹性极限时，就会产生永久变形。表语译为主语g. Television is different from radio in that its sends and receives pictures.电视和无线电的不同点在于电视能收发图象。 宾语转译成主
4、语h. The wise buyer finds ways to make sure that wrong thinking is not allowed to interfere with careful planning in this purchases。 （明智的购买者尽量做到购买时不让错误的想法干扰。 ）His father flew into rage with what he had done. （他的所作所为让他的父亲大为光火。 ）被动 语态 一般是，主谓语的位子翻译成汉语时需要颠倒，即原来的主语作宾语：i. Drastic action must be taken if th
5、ey want to reduce traffic accidents and air pollution.(如果他们想减少交通事故和污染，就必须迅速采取措施。)I was totally upset by what he did in the exam. (他考试时的表现确实让我很担心。)j Asia was passed over by the industrial revolution.（工业革命没有光顾亚洲。 ）译成带“是”的结构：j. We were moved to tears by the fact that he came to the meeting in spite of
6、his illness. （最让我感激涕零的是，他带病坚持来开会。 ）译成： “由”“把”， “使”等字引导的句子：k. His mother was dismissed due to the fact that she couldnt type fast enough. ( 老板把他的妈妈给解雇了，因为他打字不够快。)l. She was worried ,because her son had written for a long time.（ 她儿子很长时间没给她写信了，这可把她给担心坏 了。 ）m. Wind is caused by air moving between cold a
7、nd warm region.(风是由冷暖地区流动着的空气引起的。)非谓语转译成谓语：The new rule is applicable to foreigners.这一项新规定适用与外国人。 （表语译为谓语）There is a need for improvement in your study habits 你的学习习惯需要改进（主语译为谓语）非宾语转译成宾语：主语转译成宾语a.After he was elected chairman of the committee, Mr. Smith was found working in the lab early in the morni
8、ng(史密斯当选以后， 人们发现他一大早就到办公室工作了。)b.Much progress has been made in computer science in less than a century.不到一个世纪，计算机科学取得了很大进步。（主语译为宾语）How much risk does internalization contain for national identity?(一个国家会在国际化中会有丧失自己的危险吗？)主语译为宾语，状语译为主语The amount of energy thus lost can be considerably reduced and the l
9、ife of the machine prolonged by careful lubrication. 小心加以润滑能大大地减少这样所损失的能量并延长机器寿命。状语译为宾语Materials to be used for structural purpose are chosen so as too behave elastically in the environmental condition.结构上用的材料必须选择得使它们在周围环境条件下具有弹性。非定语转译为定语 主语译为定语a.The service university is characterized by several fe
10、atures: the existence of professional schools, short tailor-made course, contracting of services and funding by contracts.(大学提供服务的主要特征有以下几点：建立职业学校、短期培训学校以及提供服务与资助之间的合同签定等。 )b.The satellite system uses this device in varied forms.卫星系统上的这种装置有各种不同的形状。 （宾语转译成定语c. His speech on the current international
11、economic situation produce the profound influence on research work of that subject. （他的关于目前国际经济形式的讲话，对我们的研究工作产生了很大的影响。状语译为定语c.In his composition he made few spelling mistakes.他在作文中的拼写错误很少。 主语译为定语，谓语译为主语The communications system is chiefly characterized by its ease with which it can be maintained.这一通
12、讯系统的主要特征是容易维修。 非状语转译为状语宾语补足语译为状语a.Dont you see it was just in fun ? You got it all wrong.你没看出那不过是开开玩笑吗？你完全误解了。The professor showed her much attention and gave her some private coaching.教授对她很关心，给他一些个别辅导。 （定语译为状语）主语转译成状语b.After that, his youthful indifference to studies and his unwillingness to think
13、of a non-sports career caught up with him.（在那之后，由于他年轻时候对学习毫不关心，以及不愿意考虑与运动无关的事情，他终于得到了报应。）定语转译成状语c. We need a dialogue which promotes our mutual responsibility to the international community.（我们需要对话来推进我们两国对国际社会所应承担的责任。 ）d. We need a dialogue that prevents any single issue from holding the entire rela
14、tionship captive. （我们需要对话来防止任何有碍两国关系的事情发生。 ）e. His lack of interest in the project upset his colleagues who were trying every possible means to have it carried out.(他对该计划表露出了不感兴趣，这使得他的同事们很担心，因为他们正在尽一切办法来履行这项计划。)宾语译成状语：f. There is high probability that in the 21st century a good number of universitie
15、s will excel in service rather than conventional academic research.( 在 21 世纪，很多大学极有可能会在（大学提供）服务而不是传统的学术研究方面大显身手。)转译成谓语或者主谓结构：a.I would like to draw your attention to those sides of introduction of information technologies which can pose new problems for education. （ 我想请大家注意的是，介绍信息技术会给教育提出一些新的问题。 ）b.The security and warmth of the destroyers sick bay were wonderful.(驱逐舰的病房非常安全，同时，也非常温暖。)
