1、Grammar and usage,Verb-ing,Verb-ing form as,1. noun 动名词Getting along with others is beneficial to your development.I love swimming during the summer.2. adjective or adverb 现在分词This will have a lasting effect.People running these factories are very concerned about the environment.,I look forward to s
2、eeing you at the party. 2. He did it without being asked. 3.I regret not having taken her advice. 4. He didnt mention having been punished for that mistake.,I. Lead in,Verb-ing as a noun,II. 动名词的基本形式,* 否定形式：not + doing/not having done,表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,表示一般性动作或与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作,III. 动名词在句子中的功能及
3、用法,1. 作主语,_ is very useful to me .（ 学习生词对我来说很有用. ）,Learning new words,_helps make one healthy. （每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。）,Taking exercise every morning,动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；,常在下面结构中作主语:,It is +,no use / no good useless /senseless fun / enjoyable / tiring nice / expensive / dangerous a bore /
4、 a waste of time / a good pleasure,+doing,It is no use_.,talking like this,象这样谈话没有用.,Its a waste of time_.,arguing with him,和他这样辩论是浪费时间,2. 作表语,Her job is_.,teaching English,她的工作是教英语.,His hobby is_.,collecting stamps,他的爱好是集邮,动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯,3.1 作宾语,She suggested_.,她建议去长城春游,going to the Great Wa
5、ll for the spring outing,I enjoy_.,listening to music,我喜欢听音乐,Would you mind_.,opening the window,打开窗子好吗?,.,The boy didnt admit stealing the money. 这个男孩不承认偷了钱。 Have you finished reading the book ? 你 书读完了吗？,1) 只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有： appreciate、 admit、 allow、 avoid、 consider、cant help、excuse、 delay、enjoy、 fin
6、ish、 fancy、 include、 imagine、 mind、 miss、practise、resist、risk、suggest、 stand等,Practice. 1.I dont remember ever _ (see) her anywhere. 2. He denied _ (take) money from the account. 3. He came without _ (invited) 4. I dont mind _ (leave) alone. 5.I regret_ (not wait) for you. 6. The boy deserved _ (pra
7、ise). 7. The film is worth _ (see). 8. The clothes require _ (mend).,seeing,taking,being invited,being left,not waiting,praising,seeing,mending,2)在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词(短语)构成真正的宾语,Sb +,think consider find feel like,+ it +,useless no use no good,+V-ing,I found it useless (no use )_. 我发现争论这件事是没有用的,arguing ab
8、out it,Do you consider it any good _?你觉得再试会有好处吗？,trying again,3.2 作介词宾语,He insisted on. 他坚持要看足球比赛,watching the football game,Thank you for . 谢谢你帮助了我,helping me,She left without . 她没有告诉我就离开了,telling me,）能跟动名词的介词短语很多，常见的有： devote to, look forward to, get (be) used to , preferto, pay attention to, get
9、down to, object to think of, dream of, be proud of, be fond of, be afraid of, be tired of , be fond of prevent from, keep from, stop from, discouragefrom insist on, depend on, keep on persist in, be involved in , succeed in, be interested inexcuse for, set about, give up, feel like等,They all objecte
10、d to_,She is afraid of_,I dont feel like_,putting the meeting off.,falling behind the others.,eating anything.,）还可以与for the purpose of , in case of , instead of , for fear of 等构成短语,He walked on tiptoe for fear of. 他踮着脚走路以免吵醒病人,waking the patient,She has been playing all afternoon instead of_.,gettin
11、g on with her work,她整个下午不工作，一直在玩,They are busy (in) . 他们忙于准备考试Do you have any difficulty (in )? 你听懂英语口语有困难吗？I spent two hours (in). 我花了两个小时写作文 He lost no time (in). 他立即把这个好消息告诉了我,preparing for the examination,understanding spoken English,writing my composition,telling me the good news,3) 用于以下句子中,1)s
12、b.have,trouble /difficulty a problem /a struggle a good time /a hard time,(+in)+V-ing,2) Sb + spend time /money (in ) +v-ing,3) S + be busy (in/with )+V-ing,4)lose no time (in ) + V-ing 立即做,* 在下面这类句子中，介词in 常可以省略,There is a swimming pool in our school . His father works in a printing shop . Our teach
13、er uses a very good teaching method .,4. 作定语 动名词作定语表示性质或用途,5. 动名词的复合结构,1）为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。,Do you object to _the physics group? （李平参加物理小组）Do you mind_ ? （我抽烟）,Li Pings joining,my smoking,Is there any hope of_? (你们队赢得比赛） The boy was alarmed by _the door. (某人在敲门）,2
14、）有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格，不过，这主要用于口语中。,注：如果不是在句子的开头，这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格，如：,I dont mind Jane buying another one.,注：如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：,your team winning the match,someone knocking at,Verb-ing as an adjective or adverb,I. Lead in,1. They lived in a house facing south. 2. The quest
15、ion being discussed is very puzzling. 3. Having finished their homework, they had a rest. 4. Having been discouraged by his constant failure, he gave up his plan.,II. 现在分词的基本形式,* 否定形式：not + doing / not having done,分词所表示的动作发生在谓语之前,与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生（主动或进行）,doing,being done,强调被动的动作正在进行,having
16、 done,having been done,分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前；分词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系,III.现在分词在句子中的功能和用法,1. 现在分词作定语 1) 单个的verb-ing形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面an interesting speech / a flying kitea developing country / a lasting effect2) 现在分词短语作定语作应放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句A thief teaching young boys how to steal is called a master thief.=A thief
17、who teaches young boys how to steal is called a master thief.,Rewrite the following sentences. People who betray us are our enemies.People betraying us are our enemies. People who run these factories are very concerned about the environment. People running these factories are very concerned about th
18、e environment.,3) 现在分词有时还可以和名词、形容词、副词等构成合成词作定语 an English-speaking country a time-consuming project an award-winning film a wood-burning stove,2. 现在分词作表语 The pollution is frightening. The problem is quite puzzling. Traveling is interesting but tiring.现在分词作表语，表示事物的性质、状态或特点等,注意：现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别: 凡表示“令人
19、的”都是-ing形式， 凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。It was a _problem. （令人困惑的）His _ suggested that he didnt understand what I said. （困惑的表情）,puzzling,puzzled expression,interesting 使人感兴趣的; interested 感兴趣的 exciting 令人激动的; excited 感到激动的 delighting 令人高兴的; delighted 感到高兴的 disappointing 令人失望的; disappointed 感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞
20、的; encouraged 感到鼓舞的,3. 现在分词作宾语补足语I heard the girl_ in the classroom. (sing)I noticed a long queue outside the bank _ it to open. (wait for)The baby watched his dad _his face with great interest. (shave)We have the fire _all day. (burn)* 动词verb-ing形式作宾语补足语放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。,singing,w
21、aiting for,shaving,burning,能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：,make, let, have, keep, leave, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice/find, feel 等,“五让、三看、两听、注意、发现、感觉”,1. Sixty million people _ (live) in rural areas are moving to the cities every year. 2. The bottle _ (contain) the poison _ (send) to the labor
22、atory yesterday.,Practice,living,containing,Fill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.,Practice:,was sent,6. You can see them _ (perform) every night this week at the New Theatre. 7. I could hear them _ (whisper) to each other during the first part of the play. 8. We watched the army
23、 _ (march) down the street towards the park.,performing,whispering,marching,10.Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on,C,B,A,A,12. Please dont forget him. He is one of _.A. those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting
24、those,11. I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much.A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write,9. Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?A. to be held B. having been held C. held D. being held,13 Its a pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby . A asleep B s
25、leep C sleeping D slept 14. He decided to put the _ glass on the top of the wall to stop boys _ over it . A broken , climbing B breaking , climbing C broken , to climb D breaking , to climb 15. All cars _ nowadays are equipped with safety belts .A to be produced B making C producing D produced 16. D
26、o you know the man _ next to your uncle ? A who sit B sits C to sit D sitting,C,A,D,D,see sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.,C,I hear him _ about the great writer now . A to talk B talking C speak D tell,B,4. verb-ing(现在分词)作状语,Verb-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件
27、、结果、让步或伴随等情况。Verb-ing 短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作， 一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。 注意：Verb-ing形式在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。,当我们沿着岸边走的时候，我们看见水很脏。,When we were walking along the shore, we saw that the water was very dirty.,=When walking along the shore, we saw that the Water was very dirty.,=Walking along the shore, we saw that
28、 the water was very dirty.,.,1). 作时间状语 Verb-ing 短语作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。,When my mother heard the good news, she couldnt help laughing. =Hearing the good news, my mother couldnt help laughing. After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. =Having received his letter, I d
29、ecided to write back.,2). 作原因状语 现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。由于我不懂很多英语， 我发现很难理解他们。As I dont know much English, I found it hard to understand them. Not knowing much English, I found it hard to understand them .因为太生气了，他不能入睡。 Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. Being so angry, he couldnt go to
30、sleep.,.,因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。 Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week.因为这个研究是以事实数据为基础，所以它十分有说服力。 Because this study is based on real statistics, it is very convincing. _ real statistics, this study
31、is very convincing.,Based on,过去分词，表被动关系,3). 作条件状语 Verb-ing作条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句。 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. If you turn to the right , you will find the place you want . =Turning to the right , you will find the place you want.,If they are kept in
32、 refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. (keep),_ in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,Kept,If you stay here for some time, you will find the people here friendly.,Staying,过去分词,现在分词,_ here for some time, you will findthe people here friendly.,4). 作让步状语Verb-ing短语作让步状语，常与even
33、 if, though 连用。 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够吃的。 Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. =Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.,5). 作伴随状语 表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. They came into the clas
34、sroom, singing and laughing. They stood there for half an hour _ the stars in the sky. (watch),watching,She walked out of the house, _by her little daughter. (follow),She walked out of the house, _ her husband. (follow),followed,following,过去分词,现在分词,6). 作结果状语 表示顺理成章的结果。His father died, leaving him a
35、lot of money. A lot of students had a fever, making the school worried.*不定式作结果状语常表示意料之外的结果。He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.,Complete and compare:,1._(walk) in the street, Mary met an old friend of hers.,Walking,2 _ (break) a vase, the boy stood still without daring ra
36、ise his head.,Having broken,_ (not know) much English, he got out his dictionary.,Not knowing,_ (hit) on the head, John fell down.,Hit,3. _ (lose) in thought， he almost ran into the car in front of him.,Lost,4. My father sat at the desk, _ (read)newspaper.Martin Luther King, _ (support) byall black
37、people, led the boycott.,reading,supported,5.The old scientists speech keeps us _(think).I had my watch _ (steal) yesterday.,thinking,stolen,6. _ (smoke) is not allowed here.We all enjoy _ (listen) to music.,Smoking,listening,历年高考题,1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_ . (N
38、MET91 34)A.hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard,2. On afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, _ some bananas ,and visited her cousin. (NMET91 23)A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. writing,D,B,4. _ a reply, he decided to write again. (MET92 39)A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D.
39、 Having not received,3. -I usually go there by train.-Why not _by boat for a change? (NMET92 14)A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going,D,C,5. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET93 17)A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,C,6. _ down the radio - the ba
40、bys asleep in the next room.(MET93 24)A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn,7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34)A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right. (MET94 21)A. letting you
41、 not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know,9. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (NMET94 22)A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding,10. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25)A. playing B
42、. to be playing C. play D. to play,11. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94 34) A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,12. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that.
43、(NMET95 26)A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother toldhim_. (NMET95 35)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,14. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. (97上海 13) A. As she lost B. Lost
44、 C. Losing D. Because of losing,15. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12)A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,16. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.(95 上海20)A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in,17. While shopping,
45、 people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,18. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (NMET99 21)A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make,19. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99上海19)A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99 25)A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading,
