1、1.HypertensionStressExertiondiurnal cerebrovascular myocardial cardiac failure peripheral vascular disease renal failure idiopathic essential hypertensionSecondary hypertension End-organ ischaemic heart disease Left ventricular hypertrophy Renal impairment Peripheral vascular disease cardiac output
2、peripheral resistance multiple factors serum cholesterol glucose intolerance prognosis diabetes mellitus hypercholesterolaemia myocardial infraction analgesic oral contraceptive pill polycystic kidney disease asymptomatic tinnitus recurrent epistaxis weight loss or gain tremor hair loss heat intoler
3、ance paroxysmal palpitation collapse phaeochromocytoma dyspnea, orthopnea ankle edema unilateral weakness visual disturbance electrolytes ECG, echocardiogramurine protein creatinine clearance vanillylmandelic acid 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid carcinoid syndrome urinary catecholamine urine cortisol e
4、xcretion dexamethasone suppression test angiorensin-converting enzyme(ACE) renal artery stenosis angiotensin systolic blood pressure diastolic complications diuretic antiadrenergic agent calcium channel blocker vasodilator stagnation of liver Qi stirred liver Yang disturb the brain producing and tra
5、nsforming Qi and blood malnutrition of the brain store essence Overeating greasy or sweet food phlegm-fire apoplexy syncope red complexion poor appetite initial stage remission stage3.Chronic Atrophic GastritisChronic acuteAtrophic hypertrophyGastritis gastro-Histology histologistInflammation infect
6、ionLymphocytePlasmocyteNeutrophil neutrocyte neutroneosinophil eosinophiliaSuperficialMucosaGland adeno-MorphologyMetaplasiaClassify differentiationPylor- 幽门 pyloroscopy pylorotomy Antral antro- 窦antronasal antrodyniaAutoimmunityFundusAnemiaAntibodyParietalVitiligoThyroidthyroiditis thyroidismthyrom
7、egaly thyroigenoushaplotypeAchlorhydriaMegaloblastic megalo-Gastric acidHypergastrinemiaAntrectomyGastric atrophyPolymorphonuclearMultifocal adenocarcinomaSeropositiveSerologic testingPreventative measureLymphomaCytokineRegressAggressEndoscopyUpper gastrointestinal tractPhotography radiographyTissue
8、 biopsyRule outBlood lossUreaseBreath testSerum gastrinParenteralConsensusepisodeGastroesophageal refluxAcid suppressionDual therapyTriple therapyDrawbackSide effectAntisecretoryPseudomembranous colitisDiarrheaSkin rashAllergic reactionHepatotoxicityAnaphylaxis aphylaxisImproper dietStagnant liver-q
9、i attacking stomachStagnant liver-qi turning into fireFire pathogen damaging stomach Yincold / heat syndromedeficiency / excess syndromePreference for hot food / pressureAggravated / alleviated by Pricking / stabbing painDispersing coldRelieving painSoothing the liver Clearing away the heatRemoving
10、blood stasisInvasion of cold pathogenOrexia anorexia orexigenicBitter taste in the mouthHeavy sensation in the head and bodyDyschesiaNormalize stomachDisharmony between liver and stomachRelieve painActivate collateralsStrengthen spleenDull painBurning painDry mouthPoor appetiteCracks on the tongueTh
11、ready and rapid pulseNourish Yin and produce body fluidExercisesThe inflammation of the stomachGastritisAbnormal growth of the tissueMetaplasiaAbnormal immune reaction fighting itselfautoimmuneUnable to perfom normal functionDysfunctionThe serum level of gastrin is higher than normalHypergastrinemia
12、Seem like a tumor or cancerCarcinoidThe operation to remove the gastric antrumantrectomyWhite blood cellLeukocyteThe nucleus with several kinds of formPolymorphonuclearA cancer of epithelia orignating in glandular tissueAdenocarcinomasmall cell-signaling protein molecules cytokinea cancer in the lym
13、phatic of the immune system and presents as a solid tumor of lymphoid cellsLymphomaan instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body Endoscopea medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination biopsyA globulin protein used by the immune system t
14、o identify foreign objectsAntibodya pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury, or other trauma SequelaeInhibiting the secretionAntisecretory2.Angina Pectoriscoronary arterial insufficiency intermittent myocardial ischaemia Stenotic atheromatous disease Thrombosis cardiac output thyroto
15、xicosis aortic stenosis peripheral vascular resistance endothelium nitric oxide prostaglandins autonomic nervous system anaemia carboxyhaemaglobinaemia tachyarrhythmias menopause genetic disease hypercholestrolaemia homocysteine antioxidants insulin resistance radiate to Dyspnea left ventricular pul
16、monary oedema breathless sweaty corneal xanthelasma bilateral crepitations discouraged / encouragement aggressively treated follow-up endocrinology coronary artery disease low-density lipoprotein Diet therapy fasting lipid profile adrenoceptor antagonist calcium channel antagonists potassium channel
17、 openers Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) lumen inflated Coronary artery bypass surgery overeating hyperactivity of the heart fire promote the circulation of blood sweet food dampness and phlegm consume QiEmotional upsets Qi stagnation the blockage of the heart vessels excess / deficienc
18、y the locations of the pain sternum epigastrium forearm depletion of Yang suffocation hypochondrium susceptibility to sighing profuse enlarged tongue Vexationhoarse breathhot sensation in the soles and palms dry mouth night sweating scanty hyperactivity of the cardiac fire worsened by cold aversion
19、to cold cold limbs faint stabbing pain fixed location ecchymosis unsmooth pulse irrregular intervals paroxysmal the severity of the pain taking medicine critical sign reinforcing deficiency purging excessreplenishing Qi regulating Qiactivating the circulation of blood dredging the obstruction resolv
20、ing phlegm combination of excess and deficiency genuine Qi spontaneous shortness of breath backache / dorsalgia / dorsodyniaDispelling cold incessant turbidity aromatics belching flatus harmonizing the blood poor appetite constipation sooth the liver clear away heatObstruction by phlegm-turbidity ob
21、esity heavy sensation loose stools sticky feeling in the mouth Drooldischarging the turbidity burning pain in the chest resolve phlegm-fire resist fluid consumption blockage of the collaterals by wind and phlegm hemiplegianumbnesssluggish tongue shivering resolve phlegm stop windmutual obstruction o
22、f phlegm and blood stasisstifling petechiadissipate the stagnation phlebectasia moderate pulse Lassitudedislike of speaking insomniadream-disturbed sleep tidal fever exfoliative astringe disturbs the mindtranquilize the mind dizziness tinnitus soreness and weakness in the lower back and kneesinvasio
23、n of the heart by water collapse ExercisesLack of nourishment because of blood deficiencyIschaemia Supplying oxygenOxygenate Narrowing of the blood vesselsVasostenosis Performing the physiological function more actively than normalHyperactivity A disease with the feature of lower level of red blood
24、cells and hemoglobulin than normalAneamia A drug with the function of dilating the blood vesselsVasodilator During the time at nightNocturnalUrinary bladderUrocystThe heart beating faster than normalTachycardiaThe specialist good at treating patients with endocrinological diseasesendocrinologistStud
25、y and research on all kinds of drugsPharmacologyTwo sides of BilateralThe drug representing the opposition against the target Antagonistthe technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel angioplasty6.Colorectal Cancer Conception Colon 结肠 colorectal 结肠直肠的colonic 结肠的 coloniti
26、s 结肠炎rectum 直肠 rectarectal 直肠的 rect(o)-anus 肛门Pathophysiology adenomatous 腺瘤( 状)的polyp 息肉epithelium 上皮, 上皮细胞thelium 乳头 thel(o)-proliferate 增生扩散crypt 隐窝,滤泡,腺管 crypt-隐compartment 间隔间slough 脱落be susceptible to deleterious 有害的, 有毒的radio-放射;桡骨radiotherapy 放射线疗法orchestrate 编管弦乐曲differentiation 分化apoptosis
27、 凋亡embryonic 胚胎的, 开始的neonatal 新生的 , 初生的neo-新, 新近 prenatal postnataloverexpression 过表达over-在 .上面 , 优越ablate 融化 , 切除transgenic 转基因gene knockout 基因敲除mucosa 粘膜dynamic 动态的static 静态的intermediate 中间的inherit 继承, 遗传而得sporadic 散发Etiology cluster 丛生, 成群gland 腺inner wall degenerate 退化genetic screening first-deg
28、ree 第一度的sibling 兄弟 , 姐妹, 同胞high-fiber, low-fat diet cigarette 香烟, 纸烟estrogen雌激素estrogen replacement therapy nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDssterol 固醇，甾酮aspirin 阿斯匹林Clinical feature change in bowel habits blood in the stoolsdiarrhea 腹泻constipation 便秘tenesmus 里急后重cramp 抽筋 , 腹部绞痛lassitude 疲乏
29、Management Stage I: The tumor involves only the first or second layer of the rectal wall and no lymph nodes are involved. Stage II: The tumor penetrates into the mesorectum, but no lymph nodes are involved. Stage III: Regardless of how deeply the tumor penetrates, the lymph nodes are involved with t
30、he cancer. Stage IV: Convincing evidence of the cancer exists in other parts of the body, outside of the rectal area. Localized rectal cancer includes stages I-III. Metastatic rectal cancer is stage IV.Investigations fecal 排泄物的, 渣滓的feces 粪便occult 掩蔽, 隐藏occult blood 潜隐血digital 手指的digital rectal examl
31、ubricate 润滑lump 结块barium 钡enema 灌肠剂lower gastrointestinal tractSigmoidoscope 乙状结肠镜sigmoiditis 乙状结肠炎tissue samplescolonoscopy 结肠镜检查biopsy 活组织检查removal 切除Treatment primary treatment surgery 外科, 外科学chemotherapy 化学疗法Radiation treatment prolong survival lymph nodes Viewpoints of Traditional Chinese Medic
32、ine Attack by External Pathogens Clinical observation constitution 体质, 体格physique 体格, 体形nutritious 有营养成分的, 营养的nutritive 营养的primordial 原始的motivate 激发differentiating the deficiency and excess The early / middle / late stageburning pain in the lower abdomen incline to drinking cold water smelly mouth s
33、hort and dark urine slippery or soft and rapid pulseeliminate dampness detoxification 解毒 purge(使) 净化, 清除, 肃清, (使)通便severe 剧烈的, 严重的stop bleeding borborygmus 腹鸣lumbus 腰部 lumbar 腰部的lumb(o)-腰 lumbago 腰痛replenish 补充emaciate 消瘦 emaciationedema 浮肿,水肿Mirror-like tongueExercisesThe inflammation of the rectum
34、Rectitisthe treatment of a disease by chemicals especially by killing micro-organisms or cancerousChemotherapyThe cells of the coloncolonocyte the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cellsRadiotherapya gene or genetic material that has been transferred
35、naturally or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another transgenethe passing of traits to offspring from its parent or ancestors HeredityThe person who does not eat animal-derived foodVegetarianthe condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movemen
36、ts per day Diarrheathe procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anusEnemaThe procedure examining the colonColonoscopyStomach and intestineGastrointestinea medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination Biopsy 5.Nephrotic Syndrome Conception leak out
37、cholesterol chole-胆, 胆汁 cholecyst cholebilirubinalcohol 酒精 methanol 甲醇albumin 白蛋白Pathophysiology proteinuria albuminuria be compatible with 与-一致cation 阳离子cationic activation 阳离子活化作用cationic layer 阳离子层anion 阴离子 anionicneutralize 中和glomerular 肾小球capillary 毛细管immune responsiveness Suppresser 抑制物Cytokin
38、e 细胞因子lymphokine 淋巴因子interleukin 白细胞介素interferon 干扰素 interferevascular 脉管的, 有脉管的, 血管的vessel 脉管 , 导管permeability 渗透性kinin 激肽kininase 激肽酶 kininogen激肽原exacerbation 恶化, 增剧ceratin “角”,“角膜 ”,“角状epithelial 上皮的podocyte （肾小球内）足细胞podo-足 podogram pododynianephrin 肾素 epinephrine 肾上腺素nephr(o)- 肾 nephritisapoptos
39、is 细胞凋亡antioxidant 抗氧化剂 antioxidationoxidation 氧化atopy 遗传性过敏症steroid 类固醇Leptin lepto-细小, 瘦；薄，软serum 浆液 , 血清genetic factors be involved in Etiology underlying 潜在的Allergicallergen 变态反应原, 过敏原allergin 变应素infectious 有传染性的, 易传染的contagious contagionhepatitis 肝炎 hepato-diabetes 糖尿病membranous 膜的, 膜状的glomerul
40、onephritismalignancy 恶性Multiple 多发的mono-单一systemic lupus erythematouslupus 狼疮erythema 红斑 eryth-红erythrocyte 红血球erythroderma 红皮病myeloma 骨髓瘤 myel-myelitis 脊髓炎 myelocyte 髓细胞amyloidosis 淀粉样变性病amylo-淀粉focal 在焦点上的segmental 部分的,节段的sclerosis 硬化症mesangium 肾小球膜meso-中间, 中央mesoblast 中胚层 mesocardium 心系膜mesocolon
41、 结肠系膜Clinical feature swell 膨胀, 增大，肿胀ankle 踝abdomen 腹, 腹部celio-腹部 celiocentesisceliomyalgia celioscopyfrothy 起泡的 , 多泡的Management acute 急性的chronic 慢性的Be unresponsive to therapy complication 并发症physical examination 身体检查urinalysis 尿分析, 验尿rule out glucose 葡萄糖Tolerance 耐受antinuclear 抗核rheumatoid factor 类
42、风湿因子rheumatic 风湿的Cryoglobulin 冷球蛋白 cryo-冰冷 , 严寒 cryogen 致冷剂Complement levelserology 血清学Serum protein electrophoresis Treatment relieve symptoms prevent complications delay progressive kidney damagecorticosteroid 皮质甾类 (的),皮质类固醇(的immunosuppressive 免疫抑制的antihypertensive 抗高血压的(药物)diuretic 利尿的angiotensin
43、 血管紧缩素angio-脉管 angiology 血管学, 血管淋巴学enzyme 酶-ase amylase 淀粉酶 transamidaseinhibitor 抑制剂occur 发生high blood cholesterolhypercholesteraemia 高胆甾醇血triglyceride 甘油三酯atherosclerosis 动脉硬化症Viewpoints of Traditional Chinese Medicine water metabolism water passage dispersing outward and descending downward sweat
44、 pore hidrosis 发汗discharge dischargementexcrete excretionImpair impairmentdamage injurydo harm to Improper diet Consequent 随之发生的on the sequence congenital 先天的constitution 体质, 体格presides over water metabolism steaming-warming function motive power acquired 后天的，获得性的Yang-edemaabrupt onset heat and aver
45、sion to cold sore throat dark-yellow urineabdominal distention red tongue with yellow coating superficial-rapid pulse Yin-edema long durance frequent relapse pitting edema sallow complexion and skin loose stools soreness and coldness in the lumbar region a pale and swollen tongue with a white coatin
46、g deep and slow pulse perspiration 排汗diuresis 利尿dispel 驱逐 expel 驱逐dissipate 驱散 disperse(使)分散, (使) 散开dysuria 排尿困难dyspnea 呼吸困难dissolve 溶解 resolvelassitude 疲乏nausea 恶心retarded 迟钝的asthma 哮喘lustrous 有光泽的hot sensation in the chest sticky yellow tongue coatingdeep and rapid pulse eliminate 除去perform the fu
47、nction ofpronounced 显著的umbilicus 脐palpitation 心悸 ExercisesAbnormal urine containing large amount of proteinProteinuriaProteins made and released by lmphocytes in response to the presence of pathogensinterferonThe disease becoming worse ExacerbationA cancer of plasma cells with abnormal cells accumul
48、ating in bones and bone marrowMyelomaRed blood cellErythrocyteInflmmation of the glomerulus in the kidneyGlomerulonephritisSomething produced more than neededoverproductionan ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive chargeCationan ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a
49、net negative chargeAniona molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules antioxidantA kind of enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring the oxygen from molecular oxygen O2 to it Oxygenasea hypersensitive disorder of the immune system Allergya variety of conditions in which amyloid proteins are abnormally deposited in organs and/or tissuesamyloidosis
