1、直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）1直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。He said, “ Im a student.” （直接引语 ） He said that he was a student. （间接引语）主句 从句 主句 从句2当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。一随主引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主句主语的人称保 持一
2、致He says,” I like math very much . He says that he likes math very much .二随宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保 持一致He said to Lily, “ you must get up early” He told Lily that she must get up early三不用变引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人 称不变She said to me , “ They want to help him” She told me that they wanted help him（二） 时态变化宾语从句时态变
3、化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即 4 种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时） ； 客观真理，只用一般现在时。1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成 一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时； 一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:“ The moon moves round the earth.“Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.主句的时
4、态 从句的时态 例句一般现在时He says所需的任何时态 He says,” he likes math very much . He says that he likes math very much 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 He said, “ he is a student.” He said that he was a student现在进行时 过去进行时 He said,“he is reading.”He said that he was reading一般将来时 过去将来时 He said,“he will go home”He said that he w
5、ould go home一般过去时 过去完成时 He said， “he went home”He said that he had gone home一般过去时He said现在完成时 过去完成时 He said， “he has gone home”He said that he had gone (三)时间状语变化直接引语 间接引语指示代词 thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat wee
6、kthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next day/ the following daythe next week/ the following week地点状语 here there动词 comebringgotake(四)连接词 1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词 that 或将 that 省略，直接与主句相连。 2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词 if 或 whether。 3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择 what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接home过去完成时 过去完成时 He said
7、， “he had gone home”He said that he had gone home词。 注意：当 who 为主语时，句式为： who+谓语+其他直接引语 连接词 例句 注意事项陈述句that（常省略）He said to me, “ you can help her.” He said to me (that) I could help her1. 连接词：that2.引述动词 said, said to sbtold sb,等一般疑问句 if / whether.“是否”He asked her, “ Do you love me?” He asked her whether
8、 she loved him.1.改为“陈述语序” 。2.引述动词 asked3.去掉 Do, Does, Did改变 Are, Is, Will, Can 位置特殊疑问句特殊疑问词：what, who,why,how, which,whenHe asked his wife, “How are you?” He asked his wife how she was.He asked me, “ What color do you like?” He asked me what color I liked.1.改为“陈述语序”2.去掉 Do, Does, Did改变 Are, Is, Will
9、, Can 位置肯定ask (tell) sb. to do sthHe shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.” He told Lily to close the door.祈使句 否定ask (tell) sb. not to do sth. He said to me, “Dont be late.” He asked me not to be late .1. 不用连接词2. 不改变时态。3. 无须考虑语序注意：1. 语序不变的有：What the matter with you? Whats wrong with you? 但 Whats the trou
10、ble with you?的语序要变1）从句中有 or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。2.只用 whether 2）与不定式 to do 连用。例：I cant decide whether to tell him the news 3) 在介词后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house 用法是有区别的，但当 if/whether 同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选 whether3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。或 连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。 陈述语序中： be 动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (错）can you tell me where the hospital is.(对）2）I dont know whether does he speak Chinese (错）I dont know whether he speaks Chinese (对）3）I am not sure what can he do (错）I am not sure what he can do (对）
