1、,3. 借 代 METONYMY,修辞学上辞格之一，甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有不可分离的关系，利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物的，叫借代。,( 1 ) 以事物的特征代替事物、人本身。 Gray hair should be respected. 老年人应受到尊敬。 No cross, no crown. ( A proverb ) 没有苦就没有甜。,( 2 ) 以工具代替动作或行为者 He was raised to the bench. 他被任命为法官。这里，bench指代法官。 His pen sways over half of the civilized world. 他的作品
2、影响着半个文明世界。,( 3 ) 以人或物代特征 There is much of the schoolboy in him. 他身上还有许多小学生的气质。 The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face. 凶残与贪婪交织在一起，浮现在他的脸上。,the British lion 英国人boiled lobster 英国海军步兵队的兵the Bear 俄罗斯,( 4 ) 以事物活动的场所代替事物或活动者 The White House (白宫) the President or Executive branch of the US gover
3、nment Capitol Hill (国会山) the legislative branch of the U. S. government The Pentagon (五角大楼) the U.S. military establishment Foggy Bottom (雾谷) the U.S. State Department Wall Street (华尔街) U. S. Financial circles Madison Avenue (麦迪逊大街) American advertising industry,Downing Street (唐宁街) the British gove
4、rnment or cabinet Whitehall (白厅) the British government Westminster (威斯敏斯特) the British Parliament or government Fleet Street (舰队街) the British press The Kremlin (克里姆林宫) the government of the Soviet Union,( 5 ) 以某物的产地代替该物 Would you care for a cup of Longjing? Champagne Maotai Scotch （ whisky威士忌） He
5、was behind the arras. 他在挂毯后面。,( 6 ) 以作者或生产者代替作品或产品 Our Sony worked well. We drove a Ford to Hyde Park.,( 7 ) 以容器代替其中内容 He is fond of the bottle. 他喜欢喝酒。 What dishes would you like? 您要什么莱? The kettle is boiling. 壶(水)开了。 He is in his cups again. 他又喝醉了。,Exercise：,He set the room roaring with laughter. 他
6、使全屋子爆发出笑声。 The coat would be beyond his miserable pocket. 他的钱少得可怜，买不起那件大衣。 Whenever my husband has a bad day at the office, he hits the bottle. 每当我丈夫在办公室不顺心，他就喝得酩酊大醉。,( 8 ) 以人体器官代替其功能 The practiced ear can recognize a classic favour. 有音乐修养的人能够听出古典音乐的韵味。 She has the eye for the fair and the beautiful
7、. 她有审美眼光。 She has a ready tongue. 她口齿伶俐。,( 8 ) 以具体事物代替抽象事物 He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。 He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪杯了。 I found the patriot (=patriotism) in him. 我从他身上看到了爱国之心。 Dont actplay the fool. 不要装疯卖傻。 Play the man! 拿出男子汉气概来！,( 9 ) 以抽象事物代替具体事物 In the present instanc
8、e, it was sickness and poverty together that she came to visit. ( Jane Austen ) 在目前这种情况下，她一并前来探望的是病人和穷人。 It is a pity that there is more ignorance than knowledge in the country. 该国未受教育的人多于受过教育的人，真是遗憾。,( 10 ) 以“颜色词+名词”构成的名词来替代意义上与之有关的名词 He is the black sheep in the family. 他是他家的害群之马。 He has a yellow streak. 他有着怯懦的性格。 He might be the dark horse in the swimming contest. 他在游泳赛中会意外取胜。,This prize is the blue ribbon in mathematical research. 这奖品是数学研究的最高奖。 *( blue ribbon系竞赛中第一名所得的蓝色绶带。) She didnt want to be looked upon as a blue stocking. 她不想被人看成是女才子。,
