1、本科生毕业论文（设计）册学院 XXX 学院 专业 机译 班级 XXXX 级机译班 学生 XX 指导教师 XXX XXXX 大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编 号： 论文（设计）题目： 机器翻译的利与弊 学院： XXX 学院 专业： 机译 班级： XXXX 机译班 学生姓名： XX 学号： XXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称： 副教授 1、论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是了解机器翻译的发展历程，并通过人工翻译与机器翻译的比较，探讨机器翻译的利与弊。其主要任务是正确地评价机器翻译，合理地使用机器翻译来辅助人工翻译。2、论文（设计）的主要内容本论文分为四章，第一章介绍机器翻译在国内外的
2、发展历史，第二章介绍机器翻译的优势，第三章介绍机器翻译的弊端，最后一章讨论了机器翻译的发展前景。3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线本论文的基础条件是不同的翻译家及计算机语言学家对机器翻译的研究成果。研究路线是通过具体实例对机器翻译和人工翻译进行多方面的比较, 总结出机器翻译的优势与发展瓶颈。4、主要参考文献Brown-Samuelsson, Geoffrey. 2004. A Practical Guide for Translators. Britain: Cromwell Press Ltd.Hutchins, W. J. & Somers. 1992. An Introduction
3、to Machine Translation. London: Academic Press .韩建国. 1999. 浅谈机器翻译问题. 中国科技翻译（2） ，33.张景丰. 2009. 机器翻译之利与弊. 河南机电高等专科学校学报(5), 56.张景丰. 2008. 机器翻译和人工翻译之比较. 新乡学院学报(4), 110.5、计划进度阶段 起止日期1 确定初步论文题目 3 月 16 日前2 与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告 和任务书，导师签字 3 月 17 日-3 月 23 日3 提交论文提纲 3 月 24 日-3 月 30 日4 交初稿和文献综述 3 月 31 日-4 月 20 日5
4、 交终稿和评议书 4 月 21 日-5 月 8 日指 导 教师： 年 月 日教研室主任： 年 月 日XXXX 大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书XXX 学院 机译 专业 XXX 届 学生姓名 XX论文（设计）题目 机器翻译的利与弊指导教师 XXX专业职称 副教授所属教研室 翻译教研室研究方向 口译课题论证：通过具体实例从多角度比较人工翻译与机器翻译，探讨机器翻译的利与弊。方案设计：第一章介绍机器翻译在国内外的发展历史第二章探讨机器翻译的优势第三章探讨机器翻译的弊端第四章阐述机器翻译的发展前景进度计划：3 月 16 日前确定初步论文题目3 月 23 日前写开题报告、任务书3 月 30 日前提交
5、论文提纲4 月 20 日前提交初稿和文献综述5 月 8 日前交终稿和评议书指导教师意见：指导教师签名： 年 月 日教研室意见：教研室主任签名： 年 月 日XXXX 大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书姓 名 XX 学院 XXX 学院 专业 机译 年级（班） XXXX 级机译班论 文 题 目 机器翻译的利与弊 完成时间 XXXX/5/5论文内容摘要机器翻译自从其诞生以来经历了漫长而又曲折的历程，分为四个阶段：开创期，受挫期，恢复期和新时期。它速度快、效率高，彻底改变了传统的手工翻译方式。机器翻译具有很多优势，得到了很多国家的关注，也因此促进了机器翻译的发展。另一方面，机器翻译仍然面临着许多瓶颈需要攻
6、克。然而，不可否认的是机器翻译已经取得了长足的进展，无论是在技术还是在应用方面，机器翻译都具有广阔的发展前景。本文首先阐述了机器翻译在国外以及中国的发展历程, 然后介绍了机器翻译的优势及各种应用。并通过具体实例对机器翻译和人工翻译进行了比较, 总结出机器翻译存在的弊端,如机器翻译缺少可读性和流畅性，在处理多义词，句子结构，自动分词，语言和文化语境方面能力不足。最后本文预测了机器翻译的发展前景。指导教师评语年 月 日指 导 教 师 职称 初评成绩答辩 姓名 职称 教研室组长小组成员答辩记录：记录人签字： 年 月 日答辩小组意见：组长签字： 年 月 日学院意见：评定成绩： 签章年 月 日XXXX
7、大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述Literature ReviewMachine translation is a sub-field of natural language processing that investigates the use of software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another. It is closely related to computational linguistics and natural language understanding. In 1949,
8、W. Weaver published a memo on translation in which the idea of machine translation was first put forward officially. Since then, machine translation has experienced ups and downs. Its development history can be divided into four periods: pioneering period, frustration period, recovery period and the
9、 new period. The progress and potential of machine translation have been debated much through its history. Since 1950s, a number of scholars have questioned the possibility of achieving fully automatic machine translation of high quality. Some critics claim that there are in-principle obstacles to a
10、utomizing the translation process (Madsen, 2010:174).There are many different approaches to machine translation and the ultimate aim of them all is to translate one language to another in an automated fashion. The three systems that have delivered the best results and therefore deemed successful are
11、 Rules-based Translation, Statistical Machine Translation and Example-based TranslationMachine translation has revolutionized the way of traditional manual translation. Compared to human translation, machine translation has many incomparable advantages. Geoffrey Samuelsson-Brown, a technical Swedish
12、 translator has illustrated six major advantages of machine translation in his book A Practical Guide for Translators: Repetitive or similar texts need to be translated once. Once glossaries have been entered in the system, future translation will always be consistent providing the translator select
13、s the option offered by the terminology management system. Greater speed of draft translation, thereby allowing more time for quality control. A computer can work on draft translation at any time of the day, thus a 10,000 word translation that may take a human translator a week to produce could be d
14、one overnight ready for editing the next morning. Reduction in production costs, thereby producing greater profitability. Better quality control since text already entered in the software will not need to be re-checked if it can be identified uniquely (Brown-Samuelsson, 2004:77).On the other hand, d
15、espite the spectacular advancement in machine translation, it still has many disadvantages when compared to human translation. The biggest bottleneck facing machine translation is the problem of ambiguity. Ambiguity comes from two sources: ambiguity of language itself and the technological limitatio
16、ns of computer. Ambiguity of language itself means that a word has more than one meaning in the language to which the word belongs. The limitation of computer mainly refers to the deficient ability of automatic word segmentation. The problem of ambiguity was first raised in 1950s by Yehoshua Bar-Hil
17、lel. He pointed out that without a “universal encyclopedia“, a machine would never be able to distinguish between the two meanings of a word (Bar-Hillel, 1960). Whats more, machine translation lacks readability and fluency. It is deficient when dealing with figures of speech, linguistic and cultural
18、 context.At present, machine translation is able to meet peoples all kinds of needs of translation and is widely used in many different fields. From the type of application, machine translation is used for four purposes: information distribution, information assimilation, information exchange and in
19、formation retrieval, of which the former two are the major use of machine translation. Information distribution refers to the traditional need for translations of good quality, particularly the production of materials like news, laws, advertisings, product specifications etc. Here the output of mach
20、ine translation systems can save time and costs by providing draft translations which are then edited for publication. Information assimilation refers to the need of rough translation results which may be grammatically imperfect and lexically awkward but convey the main idea of the source text. The
21、notable rise of social networking on the website in recent years has created another niche for the application of machine translation software in utilities such as Facebook, or instant messaging clients such as Skype, GoogleTalk, MSN Messenger, etc. It allows users speaking different languages to co
22、mmunicate with each other. Machine translation applications have also been released for most mobile devices. Due to their portability, such instruments have come to be designated as mobile translation tools, thus facilitating foreign language learning and unaccompanied travel to foreign countries wi
23、thout the help of a human translator.In the 21st century, due to the rapid development of the Internet and the acceleration of world economic integration, information in the network is expanding quickly and international exchanges become more frequent. So how to overcome the language barrier has bec
24、ome a common concern of the international community. As human translation is far from satisfactory to meet the needs, the use of machine translation technology to help people get information quickly has become an inevitable trend.American inventor Ray Kurzweil once predicted that by 2029 the quality
25、 of machine translation would reach the level of human translation. This prediction has triggered heated controversy in the academic community. Anyway, the current development trend of machine translation is favorable. It is believed that machine translation has promising prospects in the future. As
26、 long as linguists, computer experts, mathematicians etc work collectively, all the bottlenecks facing machine translation will be solved.本科生毕业论文设计题目 机器翻译的利与弊 作者姓名 XX 指导教师 XXX 所在学院 XXX 学院 专业（系） 机译 班级（届） XXX 级机译班 完成日期 XXX 年 4 月 21 日The Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine TranslationBYXXProf. XXXX
27、, TutorA Thesis Submitted to Department of English Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A in English At XXXX UniversityApril 21st, XXXXiii摘要机器翻译自从其诞生以来经历了漫长而又曲折的历程，分为四个阶段：开创期，受挫期，恢复期和新时期。它速度快、效率高，彻底改变了传统的手工翻译方式。机器翻译具有很多优势，得到了很多国家的关注，这也因此促进了机器翻译的发展。另一方面，机器翻译仍然面临着许多瓶颈需要攻克。然而，不可否认的是机器翻译已经取得了长足的进展，无论是在技术还是在应用方面，机器翻译都具有广阔的发展前景。本文首先阐述了机器翻译在国内外的发展历程, 然后介绍了机器翻译的优势及各种应用。并通过具体实例对机器翻译和人工翻译进行比较, 总结出机器翻译存在的弊端,如机器翻译缺少可读性和流畅性，在处理多义词，句子结构，自动分词，语言和文化语境方面能力不足。最后本文预测了机器翻译未来的发展前景。关键词 机器翻译 利与弊 歧义
