1、职称英语阅读理解方法技巧讲义0目 录方法一：大标题做题法 .5Snowflakes【雪花】 5The National Park Service【国家公园的服务机构】 6Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles【福特放弃电动汽车】 .7Older Volcanic Eruptions【远古火山喷发】 .8U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars【美国科学家确认火星上有水】 9大标题做题法文章参考答案 .10方法二：红花绿叶原则 .11Underground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe【地下煤着火 即将
2、来临的灾难】 11Medical Journals【医学杂志】 12The Cherokee Nation【彻罗基部落】 .12Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning【听觉仪器提供早期山崩预警】 13红花绿叶原则文章参考答案 .14方法三：顺序出题原则 .15IQ-Gene【智商基因】 .15Education of Students with Vision Impairments【视力损伤的学生的教育】 16顺序出题原则文章参考答案 .17方法四：关键词回归定位法 .17Controlling the Growing TB Cris
3、is in China 【控制中国不断增长的结核病危机】 .17U.S. Marks 175 Locomotive Years 【美国纪念火车机车诞辰 175 周年】 18关键词回归定位法文章参考答案 .19方法五：专有名词题 .19Pool Watch 【泳池监护】 .19Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World 【肥胖症：西方世界的灾祸】 .20Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-Destruct【黑洞导致行星的自我 .21Too Little for Global Warming【全球变暖“缺油” 】 22专有名词
4、题文章参考答案 .23方法六：数字题 .23Drug ReactionsA Major Cause of Death【药物反应 导致死亡的主要原因】 .23Need for Emphasis on Treatment【加强治疗的需要】 .24Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women【孕期妇女宜多补充多维制剂 】 25数字题文章参考答案 .26方法七：相似相反题 .26Adaptation of Living Things.26A Gay Biologist【一名同性恋生物学家】 .27相似相反题文章参考答案 .28方法八：主旨题 .28Silent
5、and Deadly【无症状的却致命的】 .28Early or Later Day Care【送儿童上日托早些还是晚些 】 .29Drug Resistance1 Fades Quickly in Key Aids Drug .30主旨题文章参考答案 .31职称英语阅读理解方法技巧讲义1方法九：是非判断题 .32In-line Skating and Injuries【轮滑（滑旱冰）和损伤】 32Diseases of Agricultural Plants【农作物的病害】 .33是非判断题文章参考答案 .33方法十：生活常识做题法 .34Malnutrition【营养不良】 .34生活常识
6、做题法文章参考答案 .34方法十一：中文题 .35Acceptance of Chronic Illness.35中文题文章参考答案 .35方法十二：词汇题 .36Attitudes to AIDS Now36Immigration and Problems.36Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements【诺贝尔奖的公布从医学奖开始】 .37词汇题文章参考答案 .38职称英语阅读理解方法技巧讲义2前 言一、职称英语等级考试介绍全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人力资源和社会保障部专业技术人员管理司组织实施的一项外语考试，它根据英语
7、在不同专业领域活动的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类。每个专业类别的考试各分 A、B 、C 三个等级。A、B 、C 三个等级考试的总分各为 100 分，考试时间均为 2 小时。每个等级的考试各由 6 个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。1、考试内容及试卷结构如下：考试内容及试卷结构一览表题型 材料内容 答题要求 题量 分值第一部分词汇选项(四选一) 15 个句子给出 15 个句子，每个
8、句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。15 15第二部分阅读判断(三选一)1 篇短文 (300450 词)给出 7 句话，要求应试者根据文章内容做出判断(正、误、没有直接或间接提到)。 7 7第三部分概括大意与完成句子(选择搭配)1 篇短文 (300450 词)分两部分：1概括大意(6 选 4)；2完成句子(6 选 4)。8 8第四部分阅读理解(四选一)3 篇短文(各300450 词)每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项，要求应试者从中选择 1 个最佳答案。 15 45第五部分补全短文(选择搭配)1 篇短文
9、(300450 词)短文中有 5 处空白，要求应试者通读短文并将移出的部分重新放回短文的相应位置(6 选 5)。 5 10第六部分完形填空(四选一)1 篇短文(300450 词)短文中有 15 处空白，每处空白给出 4 个选项，要求应试者从中选出 1 个最佳答案。 15 152、考试要求学员：级别 阅读任务量 词汇量 语法 阅读理解能力A 3000 词左右阅读任务6000 个左右的单词和一定数量的短语B 2600 词左右阅读任务5000 个左右的单词和一定数量的短语C 2200 词左右阅读任务4000 个左右的单词和一定数量的短语1. 考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌
10、握基本的语法知识，主要包括：2. 英语句子的基本语序及其意义；3. 英语句子的结构和常用句型；4. 各种时、体的形式及其意义；5. 各种从句的构成及其意义；6. 句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。1. 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2. 了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；3. 利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；4. 既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系；5. 根据所读材料进行判断和推论；6. 领会作者的观点、意图和态度。职称英语阅读理解方法技巧讲义33、职称英语考试词典的要求：职称英语考试是闭卷考，但允许考生携带词典进入考场。关于词典，国家有明确的规定，以下词典不
11、允许带入考场： （1） 有职称字样的词典不要带入考场； （2） 针对职称英语考试编写的词典不能带入考场； （3） 电子出版物，即电子词典不能带入考场。 二、学习内容根据往年的规律职称考试的阅读至少会有 2 篇文章来自于课外的内容，如果把握这些陌生的文章，能够顺利拿到分数是非常关键的。通过这部分老师讲解的技巧和方法能够很好的帮助学员解决这部分的问题。这部分讲义是老师通过多年的教学经验结合考试内容和规律总结出来的关于阅读理解的做题技巧和方法。老师会详细的讲解这些解题技巧和方法如果在文章当中得到应用，通过实际例子来帮助学员理解和消化这些解题技巧和方法。解题方法和技巧汇总：1. 大标题做题法2. 红花
12、绿叶做题法3. 顺序出题原则4. 关键词回归定位原则5. 专有名词做题法6. 数字题做题法7. 相似相反做题法8. 主旨题9. 是非判断题10. 生活常识做题法11. 中文题12. 词汇题上面这些解题技巧和方法老师会以相应的文章题目为例子去进行讲解。三、学习目标通过对这部分内容的学习要达到以下两个目标1. 能够理解和熟记这些解题方法，对于老师讲解的文章内容能够明白所用的是哪种解题方法，并能学会自己应用。2. 灵活运用这些解题技巧和方法，学会组合，形成自己的解题思路和切入点。以便能应对课外的 2 篇阅读文章。职称英语阅读理解方法技巧讲义4方法一：大标题做题法Snowflakes【雪花】Youve
13、 probably heard that no two snowflakes are alike. Of course, nobody has ever confirmed that statement by examining every one of the estimated one septillion snowflakes that drift to Earth each year. still, Kenneth Libbrecht, a professor at the California Institute of Technology, is confident that th
14、e statement is true. Snowflakes arent flaky, says Libbrecht. At their basic level, theyre crystalline. The lattice of every snowflake is six-sided in shape. The simplest snow crystals are six-sided flat plates and six-sided columns. Such crystals are common in places where the air is extremely cold
15、and dry. Snow crystals acquire their special beauty when their simple six-sided symmetry blossoms. Under the right conditions, each of the six corners of a crystal sprouts what is called an arm. In a matter of minutes, the arms can become highly ornate and give the crystal a star like appearance. Se
16、veral factors in the environment affect the shape and growth rate of a snow crystal. One factor is humidity. Crystals grow faster and in more intricate shape as humidity increases. A second factor is air temperature. A snowflake is born when several molecules of water vapor in a could land on a spec
17、k of dust and freeze to form a simple crystal. As the young crystal bops around in the cloud, it passes through air pockets of varying temperatures. If the crystal passes through a pocket of air that is, says,15 degrees Celsius, it will grow quickly and sprout six arms, says Libbrecht. If the crysta
18、l is then tossed into a warmer pocket, one about-10, the arms tips will stop growing quickly and form six-side plates. If the crystal then drifts into an even warmer pocket of about -, its top and bottom will grow more quickly than its sides and become more column like in shape. In the course of its
19、 life span, a snow-crystal might flutter through many warmer and colder pockets, acquiring a complicated and unique growth history. Such a history will give rise to a snowflake that is unlike any other. Each arm on the snowflake will look exactly like every other one, but the crystal itself will be
20、one of a kind. Using his cooling tanks, Libbrecht has learned how to create snow crystals of different shapesplates, colhuns, needles etc. Libbrecht has even refined his techniques so that he can make crystals that look highly similar to one another. Still, he lacks the control to manufacture identi
21、cal twin snowflakes. A slight difference in humidity and temperature can upset the growth profile of a crystal. 练习：1. What does Professor Libbrecht believe to be true? A. No two snowflakes are exactly the same in shape. B. Somebody has examined all the snowflakes that on Earth. C. The statement that
22、 no two snowflakes are alike is confirmed. 职称英语阅读理解方法技巧讲义5D. None of the above. 2. Libbrecht is not able to A. create snow crystals of different shapes. B. make crystals that look similar to one another. C. create snowflakes that are exactly alike. D. refine his techniques.The National Park Service【
23、国家公园的服务机构】Americas national parks are like old friends. You may not see them for years at a time, but just knowing theyre out there makes you feel better. Hearing the names of these famous old friends-Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon-revives memories of visits past and promotes dreams of those st
24、ill to come. From Acadia to Zion, 369 national parks are part of a continually evolving system. Ancient fossil beds, Revolutionary War battlefields, magnificent mountain ranges, and monuments to heroic men and women who molded this country are all a part of our National Park System (NPS). The care a
25、nd preservation for future generations of these special places is entrusted to the National Park Service. Uniformed Rangers, the most visible representatives of the Service, not only offer park visitors a friendly wave, a helpful answer, or a thought-provoking history lesson, but also are skilled re
26、scuers, firefighters, and dedicated resource protection professionals. The National Park Service ranks also include architects, historians, archaeologists, biologists, and a host of other experts who preserve and protect everything from George Washingtons teeth to Thomas Edisons wax recordings. Mode
27、rn society has brought the National Park Service both massive challenges and enormous opportunities. Satellite and computer technologies are expanding the educational possibilities of a national park beyond its physical boundaries. Cities struggling to revive their urban cores are turning to the Par
28、k Service for expert assistance to preserve their cultural heritage, create pocket parks and green spaces, and re-energize local economies. Growing communities thirsty for recreational outlets are also working with the NPS to turn abandoned railroad tracks into bike and hiking trails, as well as giv
29、ing unused federal property new life as recreation centers. To help meet these challenges and take advantage of these opportunities, the National Park Service has formed partnerships-some dating back 100 years, some only months old-with other agencies, state and local governments, corporations, Amer
30、ican Indian tribes and Alaska Natives, Park Friends groups, cooperating associations, private organizations, community groups and individuals who share the National Park ethic. National Park Week 1996 is a celebration of these partnerships. 练习：1. What is this passage about? A. It is about the Americ
31、an National Parks. 职称英语阅读理解方法技巧讲义6B. It is about the National Park Service. C. It is about the National Park Service partnerships. D. It is about the care and preservation of the National Parks in America. Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles【福特放弃电动汽车 】The Ford motor companys abandonment of electric cars
32、 effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say.General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.Thre
33、e years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think neighbor. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far i
34、n 2002.“The bottom line is we dont believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market,” Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. “We feel we have given electric our best shot.”The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time Gene
35、ral Motors EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range, of about 100 miles.The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyot
36、a and Nissan are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles.“There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on,” Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Fr
37、iends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service.Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines offer greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new
38、 guidelines on vehicle emissions in the US.However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emis
39、sion vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufactures hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.练习：1.what have the Ford motor company, General Motors and Honda done concerning electric cars?A. They have started to produce electric cars.
40、职称英语阅读理解方法技巧讲义7B. They have done extensive research on electric cars.C. They have given up producing electric cars.D. They have produced thousands of electric cars.2.According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered carsA. Will be the main transportation vehicles in the future.B. Will not be t
41、he main transportation vehicles in the future. C. Will be good to the environment in the future.D. Will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future.3.Which auto manufactures are still producing electric vehicles?A. Toyota and Nissan. B. General Motors and Honda.C. Ford and Toyota. D. Honda and Toy
42、ota.4.According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid carsA. offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars.B. run faster than petrol driven cars.C. run more miles than petrol driven cars.D. offer more batteries than petrol driven cars.5.Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers acco
43、rding to the last paragraph?A. Low-emission cars should be banned.B. Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways.C. The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars.D. The legislation will allow more low-emission to produced. Older Volcanic Eruptions【远古火山喷发】Volcano
44、es were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions ki
45、lled off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the “killing efficiency“ for these volcano
46、es by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago
47、, is marked by 职称英语阅读理解方法技巧讲义8floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the t
48、ime, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. “The most recent ones hardly hav
49、e an effect at all,“ Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignalls idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killin
