1、09 年 6 月英语六级考试写作小贴士一、从评分标准来看对策 1.CET 作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法,阅卷人就总的印象分给出奖励分。各位同学,换一下思维,站在阅卷人的角度,想像一下这个评分标准的前提是什么?是认为你水平高,还是水平一般?显而易见,阅卷人假定你们水平一般,所以就会去寻找你的 Shining Points(闪光点),所以大家在平时练习作文时就应该多注意积累一些好句子和好词。2.作文从内容和形式两个方面评分。内容分:实质内容与形式内容,我觉得大家更应该注重形式内容,即开头第一句、结尾最后一句、段落间的过渡词和句子间的连接词。其实大家要想到老师一天批改卷子的
2、数量和质量,就应该明白形式很重要的。语言分为:词和句子。句子应该能写出有点水平的长句子,但是这个可操作性没有换词来的快。我个人觉得大家重点记一下换词,(1)词性之间的转换,(2)近义词的转换如 06年 12月的作文关于 Reading Classics(阅读经典书籍),很多同学在写作文必然会多次讲到 Classics,但如果文章通篇都是 Classics,那就重复过多,显得呆板。Classics作为名词,可以换用成形容词:the classical; the classical books, 再者,同学在文中肯定会举例,那么 Classics还可以替换成:classical literary
3、works (经典文学书籍)。这样一来,classics 至少用四种方式替换,同学写文章才不至于重复过多。大家都知道英语是一个重视客观事实的语言,所以偏好名词作为事实状态。e.g: 使其阅读变少的原因: TV series or movies are very popular, 这里popular是形容词,可以换成名词更符合英语:TV series or movies enjoy great popularity.大家对于这种换词应该在平时多加积累。二、如何审题很多同学向我反应作文很难下手;有点同学说下手是快了,可写到后来没话说了,字数写不足。原因很多种,但我觉得很重要的一点是:一开始审题不充
4、分,没有列出一个合理的提纲,这里我谈一下我如何审题:06.12 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Reading Classics. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要 2. 现在愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少,原因是 3. 我们大学生应该怎么做有两个要点:(1)中文思路:虽然要求写英
5、语作文,但大家在考试压力下都本能地选择中文思路。这里提醒一下英语自我感觉还不错的同学,还是用中文去想,这样可以保持思路的连贯,否则思路很容易为英文单词或句子怎么表达而卡壳。(2)化大为小,举例子:经典书籍是个很泛的概念,遇到概念很广的主题,大家可以举例子来分析。快速扫视一下作文要求:一谈重要性,二谈阅读少的原因,三讲 How主题是阅读经典书籍,我们来举例,举例第一原则四个字:古今中外。实际中可多举一个,以备后患。中国经典:论语、红楼梦;外国经典:圣经、哈姆莱特举例第二原则:反例衬托这里作文第二要求正好是谈经典书籍阅读少,那么肯定人们的时间被其他东西占用了。经典的反义词是流行,那么我们找一些流行
6、文化的东西。作为大学生,爱情的魔力还是很大的,这里女生可能都知道浪漫满屋吧,男生也会投女生之所好,去看一些吧 J都是关于爱情,我们这里就以红楼梦 PK浪漫满屋红楼梦为什么重要?什么原因?阅读红楼梦少又是什么原因?大家在谈原因时候牢记马克思主义原理:原因有内外之分:内因和外因。别忘了还有一个大环境。总结 8个字:内因外因、一大环境。1、重要性:红楼梦自身的重要性:文字优美,好诗连连;总结了爱情的真谛和人生的智慧。红楼梦带给读者的好处呢:理解了爱情,加深对人性的理解,阅读的乐趣,促使人思考。2、阅读红楼梦少的原因内因:红楼梦文字又长又难懂,脱离现代生活外因:浪漫满屋这种流行文化更吸引人:有帅哥和
7、MM看,剧情被精心设计好的。大环境:生活节奏快(quick pace),考试压力大(the pressure of the exam)3、我们大学生怎么做这已经很清楚表明要从大学生的角度,怎么做呢?从 1、2 两点入手:考题说重要,我们就要认识阅读的重要性,考题说阅读少,我们就要去多读,这样环环相扣。写到这儿就已经可以了。也有同学在结尾升华成:通过阅读我们可以为和谐社会做出贡献(do our bits to a harmonious society).如果有同学深入的话:想一想:即使你认识到阅读的重要性,即使你要去多读,你真的能坚持下来吗?大多数人不能,阅卷老师也很清楚这一点的。大家应该换个思
8、路:阅读只有带来成就感和乐趣才能让人坚持看下去,自己在苦苦支撑,很快就觉得没劲。如果约上好朋友一起去阅读,一起去分享各自的乐趣和成就感,你就会有多份乐趣,如果坚持不下去,还可以得到好朋友的支持和鼓励。所以大家如果在结尾处阐述一些让人耳目一新的观点,是很容易加分的,尤其是总体印象会很好。这里就谈到:学会分享(share),学会与别人交流(communicate)。结尾可以升华为: 通过分享,我们增加了阅读的乐趣并坚定阅读下去的决心。通过交流,我们可以提升生活的品味。We learn to share our feelings and thoughts about classics with ou
9、r friends to strengthen our love and faith in reading. Furthermore, reading, supplemented by communication with each other will improve the quality of our life.最后,审题就讲到这儿,大家有了这种思路以后,就会发现写作并不难入手,关键在于要找到切入点,然后展开。大家通过举例来打开思路时,译成英文时别忘了提炼和升华,本文以红楼梦和浪漫满屋,大家万不可全文都来了对爱情的见解。也就是马克思主义原理:从一般到具体,再从具体上升到一般。附上一篇例文
10、:As we all know, books, especially the classical, present the precious accumulation of wisdom and knowledge beyond the limitation of time or space, from which we can enjoy numerous anecdotes, get to know exotic culture and tradition, experience the legendary and miraculous life of our idols and make
11、 ourselves better men day by day.(批注: 此段先从经典书籍自身来谈重要性的,然后再从经典书籍带到的好处来谈其重要性)Nevertheless, people, especially the young, seem to have stored those classical books merely on the shelf for an unbelievably long time, which can be attributed to various factors.On the one h and, modern people have to cope
12、with the quick pace and unavoidable stress of their work or life; therefore, they can hardly devote time to reading books. On the other hand, people tend to be more material-oriented involving their social status, amount of wealth or prospects of getting promotion, which eclipse the important benefi
13、ts from reading classical books. (批注:这两个原因都是大环境着手的,一个讲生活快节奏和学习工作压力来谈,另一个从此环境下人们的习惯和性情都不适合阅读经典。大家也可按照我上面给的思路从内外因来入手。)To me, it is essential for most undergraduates to read certain classical books, especially ones filled with life-long motivation and sagacious thoughts, which may not guarantee them sh
14、ort-term returns but will bring them far-reaching reward.(批注:这段结尾有点没人情味,估计同学们除了佩服,也学不会这么多大词。比较好掌握的就是认识重要性,要去多阅读,升华一下主题。)Hot Issue型(1)模板一With the development of modern industry, more and more people are concerned about the problem that _ (主题问题).Accordingly, _ (伴随主题问题出现的新问题) is becoming more and more
15、serious。Confronted with _ (主题问题), we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, _ (解决方法 1). For another, _ (解决方法 2). Finally, _ (解决方法 3)。As far as I am concerned, the best way out is _ (解决方法 3). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us
16、 because _ (解决方法 3的优点和好处)。(2)模板二With the development of the society, with the advent of _ (相关事物或现象), we have to face a problem that _ (主题问题)。What are the reasons for it? In the following paragraphs, Ill venture to explore the reasons. To start with, _ (阐述原因 1). Moreover, _ (阐述原因2). In addition, _ (阐
17、述原因 3)。In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time that people all over China realized the importance of _ (解决主题问题). For another, the government should issue strict laws and regulations in order to put the situation under control。利弊型(
18、1)模板一Nowadays many people prefer _ (主题) because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. On the one h and, _ (主题的优点 1). On the other hand, _ (主题的优点 2)。But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the im
19、portant disadvantages is that _ (主题的缺点 1). To make matters worse, _ (主题的缺点 2)。Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, _ (主题) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put tha
20、t determine its value to our society。(2)模板二With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of _ (主题现象) is an example of the former / latter one。There
21、are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects. To start with, _ (原因 1). Furthermore, _ (原因 2). Eventually, _ (原因 3)。Good as _ (主题现象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that _ (缺点例子 1). In addition, _ (缺点例子 2)。On the wh
22、ole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate _ (主题现象) and make our life more comfortable。七大原则让你玩转六级写作一、 长短句原则。工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: As a creature, I eat;
23、as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 二、 主题
24、句原则。国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首“之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to ans
25、wer all the questions correctly三、 一二三原则。领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点. 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签“来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 7)first and foremost, besides, last b
26、ut not least(强烈推荐)8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one h and, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则。写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点-精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二
27、、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则。原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说 nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如 generous, humorous, interesting, smart,
28、 gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如: 走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则。1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句
29、子之间加 and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用: besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2)转折(拐弯抹角)批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之
30、前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语: despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3)因果(so, so, so)昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友.可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所
31、以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语: then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。
32、举例:This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: When to go, Why he goes away. 5)附加(多此一举)如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I dont enjoy that book
33、you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单,同位语-要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句-借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是 whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。6)排比(排山倒海句)文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! Whether your tastes are modern or tr
34、aditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for
35、 our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀!原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上 5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about
36、three times that of China. 如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)8)most important of all, moreover, finally9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)