1、HANDBOOK OFDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSVOLUME5HANDBOOKS INECONOMICSSeries EditorsKENNETH J. ARROWMICHAEL D. INTRILIGATORAMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDONNEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGOSAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYONorth-Holland is an imprint of ElsevierHANDBOOK OFDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSVOLUME5Edited b
2、yDANI RODRIKJohn F. Kennedy School of Government,Harvard University,Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMARK R. ROSENZWEIGDepartment of Economics,Yale University,New Haven, CT 06520-8269, USAAMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDONNEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGOSAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYONorth-Holland is an
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10、 bound in the United States of America101 121310987654321INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIESThe aim of the Handbooks in Economics series is to produce Handbooks for variousbranches of economics, each of which is a definitive source, reference, and teachingsupplement for use by professional researchers and ad
11、vanced graduate students. EachHandbook provides self-contained surveys of the current state of a branch of econom-ics in the form of chapters prepared by leading specialists on various aspects of thisbranch of economics. These surveys summarize not only received results but alsonewer developments, f
12、rom recent journal articles and discussion papers. Some originalmaterial is also included, but the main goal is to provide comprehensive and accessiblesurveys. The Handbooks are intended to provide not only useful reference volumes forprofessional collections but also possible supplementary readings
13、 for advanced coursesfor graduate students in economics.Kenneth J. ArrowMichael D. IntriligatorvCONTENTS OF THE HANDBOOKVOLUME 1PART 1 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTCONCEPTS AND APPROACHESIntroductionT.N. SrinivasanCHAPTER 1 The Concept of DevelopmentAmartya SenCHAPTER 2 The Roots of Development TheoryW. Arth
14、ur LewisCHAPTER 3 Alternative Approaches to Development EconomicsPranab BardhanCHAPTER 4 Analytics of Development: DualismGustav RanisCHAPTER 5 Economic Organization, Information, and DevelopmentJoseph E. StiglitzCHAPTER 6 Long-run Income Distribution and GrowthLance Taylor and Persio AridaPART 2 ST
15、RUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONIntroductionHollis CheneryCHAPTER 7 Patterns of Structural ChangeMoshe SyrquinviiCHAPTER 8 The Agricultural TransformationC. Peter TimmerCHAPTER 9 Industrialization and TradeHoward PackCHAPTER 10 Saving and DevelopmentMark GersovitzCHAPTER 11 Migration and UrbanizationJeffrey
16、G. WilliamsonPART 3 HUMAN RESOURCES AND LABOR MARKETSIntroductionT.N. SrinivasanCHAPTER 12 Economic Approaches to Population GrowthNancy BirdsallCHAPTER 13 Education Investments and ReturnsT. Paul SchultzCHAPTER 14 Health and NutritionJere R. Behrman and Anil B. DeolalikarCHAPTER 15 Labor Markets in
17、 Low-Income CountriesMark R. RosenzweigCHAPTER 16 Credit Markets and Interlinked TransactionsClive BellVolume 2PART 4 PLANNING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATIONIntroductionHollis Cheneryviii Contents of the HandbookCHAPTER 17 Short-Run MacroeconomicsPersio Arida and Lance TaylorCHAPTER 18 Multisectoral Models
18、Sherman RobinsonCHAPTER 19 Income Distribution and DevelopmentIrma Adelman and Sherman RobinsonCHAPTER 20 Taxation for Developing CountriesNicholas Stern and Ehtisham AhmadCHAPTER 21 Project Evaluation in Theory and PracticeLyn SquirePART 5 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTSIntroductionT.N. SrinivasanCHAPTER 22
19、International CooperationPaul StreetenCHAPTER 23 Trade and DevelopmentChristopher BlissCHAPTER 24 Alternative Perspectives on Trade and DevelopmentDavid EvansCHAPTER 25 Foreign Public Capital FlowsJonathan EatonCHAPTER 26 Foreign Private Capital FlowsEliana A. Cardoso and Rudiger DornbuschCHAPTER 27
20、 Transitional Corporations and Direct Foreign InvestmentGerald HelleinerixContents of the HandbookCHAPTER 28 Disequilibrium and Structural AdjustmentSebastian Edwards and Sweder van WijnbergenPART 6 COUNTRY EXPERIENCE WITH DEVELOPMENTIntroductionHollis CheneryCHAPTER 29 Primary Exporting CountriesSt
21、ephen R. Lewis, Jr.CHAPTER 30 Import SubstitutionHenry BrutonCHAPTER 31 Outward OrientationBela BalassaCHAPTER 32 Large Countries: The Influence of SizeDwight H. Perkins and Moshe SyrquinVOLUME 3APART 7 ANALYTICAL TOOLSIntroductionJere Behrman and T.N. SrinivasanCHAPTER 33 Data and Econometric Tools
22、 for Development AnalysisAngus DeatonCHAPTER 34 Human Resources: Empirical Modeling of Household and FamilyDecisionsJohn Strauss and Duncan ThomasCHAPTER 35 Applied General Equilibrium Models for Policy AnalysisJan Willem Gunning and Michiel Keyzerx Contents of the HandbookPART 8 RESOURCES, TECHNOLO
23、GY, AND INSTITUTIONSIntroductionJere Behrman and T.N. SrinivasanCHAPTER 36 Savings, Credit and InsuranceTimothy BesleyCHAPTER 37 Technological Change and Technology StrategyRobert E. Evenson and Larry E. WestphalCHAPTER 38 Institutions and Economic DevelopmentJustin Yifu Lin and Jeffrey B. NugentCHA
24、PTER 39 Poverty, Institutions, and the Environmental-Resource BasePartha Dasgupta and Karl-Goran MlerVOLUME 3BPART 9 POLICY REFORM, STABILIZATION, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ANDGROWTHIntroductionJere Behrman and T.N. SrinivasanCHAPTER 40 Policy Lessons from Development Experience Since the SecondWorld Wa
25、rAnne KruegerCHAPTER 41 Poverty and PolicyMichael Lipton and Martin RavallionCHAPTER 42 Power, Distortions, Revolt and Reform in Agricultural Land RelationsHans P. Binswanger, Klaus Deininger and Gershon FederCHAPTER 43 Human and Physical Infrastructure: Investment and Pricing Policies inDeveloping
26、CountriesEmmanuel JimenezxiContents of the HandbookCHAPTER 44 Structural Adjustment, Stabilization and Policy Reform: Domestic andInternational FinanceVitiorio Corbo and Stanley FischerCHAPTER 45 Trade and Industrial Policy ReformDani RodrikCHAPTER 46 The Contributions of Endogenous Growth Theory to
27、 the Analysis ofDevelopment Problems: An AssessmentPranab BardhanVOLUME 4PART 10 NEW INSIGHTS INTO RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTIntroductionT. Paul Schultz and John StraussCHAPTER 47 Economic Development and the Decline of Agricultural EmploymentAndrew D. Foster and Mark R. RosenzweigCHAPTER 48
28、 Information Networks in Dynamic Agrarian EconomicsKaivan MunshiPART 11 PUBLIC GOODS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY: THEORY AND EVIDENCECHAPTER 49 Public Action for Public GoodsAbhijit Banerjee, Lakshmi Iyer and Rohini SomanathanCHAPTER 50 Understanding Political Corruption in Low Income CountriesRohini Pand
29、ePART 12 HUMAN RESOURCES AND HOUSEHOLD RESPONSES TO MARKETINCENTIVES AND PUBLIC GOODSCHAPTER 51 Household Formation and Marriage Markets in Rural AreasMarcel Fafchamps and Agnes R. QuisumbingCHAPTER 52 Population Policies, Fertility, Womens Human Capital, and Child QualityT. Paul Schultzxii Contents
30、 of the HandbookCHAPTER 53 Health Economics for Low-Income CountriesGermano MwabuCHAPTER 54 Health over the Life CourseJohn Strauss and Duncan ThomasCHAPTER 55 Schooling in Developing Countries: The Roles of Supply, Demand andGovernment PolicyPeter F. Orazem and Elizabeth M. KingCHAPTER 56 The Impac
31、t of Child Health and Nutrition on Education in Less DevelopedCountriesPaul Glewwe and Edward A. MiguelCHAPTER 57 Child LaborEric V. EdmondsCHAPTER 58 Extended Family and Kinship Networks: Economic Insights andEvolutionary DirectionsDonald Cox and Marcel FafchampsPART 13 PROGRAM EVALUATION: METHODS
32、AND APPLICATIONSCHAPTER 59 Evaluating Anti-Poverty ProgramsMartin RavallionCHAPTER 60 Evaluating Social Programs with Endogenous Program Placement andSelection of the TreatedPetra E. ToddCHAPTER 61 Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A ToolkitEsther Duflo, Rachel Glennerster and M
33、ichael KremerCHAPTER 62 Evaluating Conditional Schooling and Health ProgramsSusan W. Parker, Luis Rubalcava and Graciela TeruelxiiiContents of the HandbookPREFACEDevelopment Policy andDevelopment Economics: AnIntroductionC3Dani RodrikJohn F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridg
34、e, MA 02138, USAMark R. RosenzweigDepartment of Economics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208269, New Haven, CT 06520-8269, USAAnyone who undertakes to produce a volume of surveys in economic developmentmust confront the question: Does the world really need another one? There have beenfour volumes in the
35、 present series alone, going back to 1988 (Chenery instead it is a question of “whendoes it work and when not and why?” Economic theory is rich and flexible enough tojustify many different policies, depending on the constraints and opportunitiesdefined by the context. Nowhere is this general point b
36、etter illustrated than inthe area of development policies. The chapters that follow elucidate the pointamply. Whether it is in trade, macroeconomics, labor markets, property-rights, edu-cation, or microfinance, there is no unique correspondence, as the Washingtonxvi Dani Rodrik and Mark R. Rosenzwei
37、gConsensus and other general recipes suppose, between policies and outcomes. Ear-lier attempts to establish universal linkages (such as the impact of tariffs or foreignaid on growth) do not survive the most recent generation of work.As the newer literature surveyed here makes clear, the trick is to
38、know enoughabout context and the universe of applicable models to be able to apply the rightframework. There are no simplistic rules of thumb and no alternative to the hardwork of applying economic reasoning and evidence to the context. Even in suchan area as property-rights, around which current or
39、thodoxy has coalesced, thereare no clear-cut and immediate policy implications one can draw in general. AsBesley and Ghatak note, “The creation of effective property rights is heterogeneousin its impact and there are many potential mechanisms that can sustain propertyrights. This suggests that there
40、 should not be a one size fits all mantra of extensionof private property rights, nor a blind faith that this is a magic bullet that will cure alleconomic ills.” All of this suggests the need for far greater modesty when general-izing about the role of policy and for studies that evaluate polices or
41、 interventionsin different contexts.Relatedly, details of policy implementation matter. The specifics of how a policyor intervention is designed can have a substantial impact on its success. Decentrali-zation of schooling may in principle lead to improved outcomes because educa-tional resource alloc
42、ations better reflect their suitability to differing localenvironments, but as studies reviewed by Behrman show, the implicit incentivesbuilt in to actual decentralization programs can undermine their achievements. Sim-ilarly, Karlan and Morduch emphasize in their chapters that the specific delivery
43、mechanisms for financial products can have substantial effects on outcomes suchas repayment rates for similar-sounding financial products (e.g., microloans).3. Appropriate development policies typically exhibit high degrees of complementarity. One rea-son behind context-specificity is the presence o
44、f prerequisites for policies to workappropriately. Policy can work or fail depending on the presence of those prerequi-sites and the feasibility of implementing the entire package. For example, Kose et al.list a long list of macroeconomic and structural policies that need to be in place forcountries
45、 to reap the benefits of financial globalization, and emphasize how policiestoward the capital account need to be seen as part of a much broader set of policies.Similarly, Harrison and Rodriguez-Clare emphasize the relevance of complemen-tary aspects of the policy regimesuch as labor-market policies
46、 or the ease of entryand exit for firmsto the success of the trade policy. As Temple points out, wecannot analyze the economics of aid without combining it with the economics ofgrowth, trade, and political economy. As Baland et al. argue, governance is bestthought of as a bundle or cluster of instit
47、utions and not just a single thing. Hansonpoints to the interactions between trade in goods, domestic schooling polices, andxviiDevelopment Economics and Policyinternational labor flows. Schultz points to the ineffectiveness of schooling interven-tions where the health environment is such that life
48、expectancy is low. AndDasgupta emphasizes the incompleteness of any account of development that leavesnatural capital out of the picture.4. Even though developing countries have become significantly more integrated into the worldeconomy in recent decades, their integration remains skewed, has been f
49、ull of surprises, andhas failed to provide many of the expected benefits. Many of the chapters in this Hand-book (those on trade, aid, international labor mobility, monetary and currency poli-cies, financial integration) focus on the linkages between the world economy anddevelopment outcomes, and on how domestic policies in both developed anddeveloping countries affect the quality and consequences of those linkages. This isentirely appropriate, as the integration of developing economies in the worldeconomy has been o
