1、读通 EDIEDI:Electronic Data Interchange,即电子数据交换。支撑 EDI 数据交换的是一套技术标准和国际上约定俗成的商务习俗，你会用其中的几种？EDI(Electronic Data Interchange)是供应链管理的主要信息手段之一。国际标准化组织将 EDI 定义为“将商业或行政事务处理，按一个公认的标准，形成结构化的事务处理或信息数据格式，从计算机到计算机的数据传输” 。在全球贸易中有大量文档传输的条件下，EDI 作为计算机与计算机之间的业务数据交换工具，是全球合作伙伴企业之间交换信息的有效技术手段。EDI 的应用较为复杂，费用也不便宜，投资大，缺乏开放
2、性，所以它的发展较慢。在美国，跨国公司大多用 EDI 进行商务数据业务来往。在我国 EDI 的应用则相对迟缓，只是在北京、上海、广东、台湾、香港等中大型城市的大型企业得到应用。图是基于 EDI 的供应链信息组织与集成模式框架图。在整个 EDI 框架里，结算中心是一个连接所有节点的增值网络。包含所有商务信息的 EDI 数据信息发送到结算中心后，结算中心根据不同节点的要求做出处理，处理完毕后，将有关的文档输送相关环节。基于 EDI 的资讯集成后，企业接点之间与有关商务部门之间也实现了一个集成，成为一个集成化的供应链。如图一所示，其基本过程是先将企业各子公司和部门的信息系统组成局域网络 (LANLo
3、cal Area Network)，在局域网的基础上组建企业广域网络 (WANWide Area Network) 相当于 Intranet(企业内部互联网)，再和其它相关的企业和单位连接。和其它企业的通信连接方式通过增值网络 (EDI 中心) 或 Internet 网络。支撑 EDI 数据交换的是一套技术标准和国际上约定俗成的商务习俗。你会用了几种 EDI？每种 EDI 的格式字段所代表的意义都懂吗？目前企业所通用的大概只有上述的 10 种 EDI，其不同的格式字段都代表着不同的含义。下面我们对这 10 种 EDI代表的意义和关键结构逐一进行介绍。常用的 EDI 的种类及其代表的意义：EDI
4、 832：客户的工程数据如 BOM, ECN(Engineering Change Notice), EM(Engineering Memo)等EDI 830：客户预测需求EDI 870：回复客户需求EDI 850：客户订单EDI 855：回复客户订单EDI 862：提货确认EDI 856：出货通知EDI 861：收货确认EDI 810：收款发票EDI 824：发票收到确认阅读每种 EDI 8 XX 的关键是：供应商代号，接收需求主体的代号 (如 Site Code)；客户订单号码 (CPO # )料号 (P / N)数量 (Qty)时间 (Schedule)地点 (Location)价格 (
5、Price)出货目的地 (Ship to)托运人 (Shipper)全部或部分出货 (Full / Partial)常用 EDI 的结构和关键点：EDI 830，即客户的需求预测 (Forecast)，一般来讲它根据不同产业及业务模式的不同，而决定其结构，就 PC 产业为例：所进行的生意模式如果是 BTF(Build To Forecast) / BTS(Build To Stock)，甚至于 BTO(Build To Order)的话，那 EDI的结构自然就应该大致为：含盖 7 天 + 16 周 + 14 个月的需求，那么关键就是在维持库存基线的同时，进行最大和最小量之间进行交补货管制。ED
6、I 850，即客户采购订单 (CPO)，当您接到一张订单的时候，首先要审核的是什么？当然是厂商代号或接收需求主体的代号，然后再审：订单号码、订单形态、订单日期、出货方式、Invoice or 2nd Invoice，出货人或主体 / 出货路线 / 特别要求。EDI 856，即出货通知，回复 EDI 862提货确认，掌握和控制的关键：Ship ID(出货识别号)/日期 / 具体时间；货物总重、毛重 / 总体积 / 计量单位；货物的装载方式 (纸箱 / 栈板)；全部出货或部分出货；货物运送方式 / 服务等级；托运方式 / 提单 / 发票；车牌号 / 货柜封条号；运费支付方式 (到付 / 预付)；出
7、货地 / 出往地 / 收款的地址。EDI 861 接收通知 / 接受确认，掌握和控制的关键：日期 / 具体时间；订单号码 / 数量 / 单位；接收条件；供应商的料号。尽管不同的 EDI 有不同的格式和结构，但他们的关键部分大体上是一致的。当你接到 EDI 时，一定要重点审核其关键部分: 供应商代号，接收需求主体的代号 ( 如 Site Code )；客户订单号码 (CPO # )；料号 (P / N)；数量 (Qty)；时间（Schedule)；地点 (Location)；价格 (Price)；出货目的地 (Ship to)；托运人 (Shipper)；全部或部分出货 (Full / Part
8、ial)。此外，在当今繁忙的商务的交易中，EDI 的设计一定要有纠错能力。否则，无纸化作业岂不是空谈？多一点人工核对，就增加了人为错误的机会。 These are fixed EDI signals or transaction codes or transaction sets. The format is fixed.You will get these signals of different versions. For eg :4010,4030,5010,5030, each one being enhanced version of the other and will conta
9、in additional fields. These signal have to be mapped to the corresponding idocs in the R/3 side.Below is the list of all the signalsEDI 830 - Planning Schedule with Release CapabilityEDI 831 - Application Control TotalsEDI 832 - Price/Sales CatalogEDI 836 - Procurement NoticesEDI 838 - Trading Partn
10、er ProfileEDI 839 - Project Cost ReportingEDI 840 - Request for QuotationEDI 841 - Specifications/Technical InformationEDI 842 - Nonconformance ReportEDI 843 - Response to Request for QuotationEDI 844 - Product Transfer Account AdjustmentEDI 845 - Price Authorization Acknowledgment/StatusEDI 846 - I
11、nventory Inquiry/AdviceEDI 847 - Material ClaimEDI 848 - Material Safety Data SheetEDI 849 - Response to Product Transfer Account AdjustmentEDI 850 - Purchase OrderEDI 851 - Asset ScheduleEDI 852 - Product Activity DataEDI 852 - Product Activity Data Plus ModuleEDI 853 - Routing and Carrier Instruct
12、ionEDI 854 - Shipment Delivery Discrepancy InformationEDI 855 - Purchase Order AcknowledgmentEDI 856 - Ship Notice/ManifestEDI 857 - Shipment and Billing NoticeEDI 858 - Shipment InformationEDI 859 - Freight InvoiceEDI 860 - Purchase Order Change Request - Buyer InitiatedEDI 861 - Receiving Advice/A
13、cceptance CertificateEDI 862 - Shipping ScheduleEDI 863 - Report of Test ResultsEDI 864 - Text MessageEDI 865 - Purchase Order Change Acknowledgment/Request - Seller InitiatedEDI 866 - Production SequenceEDI 867 - Product Transfer and Resale ReportEDI 868 - Electronic Form StructureEDI 869 - Order S
14、tatus InquiryEDI 870 - Order Status ReportEDI 871 - Component Parts ContentEDI 888 - Item MaintenanceEDI 893 - Item Information RequestEDI 894 - Delivery/Return Base RecordEDI 895 - Delivery/Return Acknowledgment or AdjustmentEDI 896 - Product Dimension MaintenanceEDI 928 - Automotive Inspection Det
15、ailEDI 940 - Warehouse Shipping OrderEDI 943 - Warehouse Stock Transfer Shipment AdviceEDI 944 - Warehouse Stock Transfer Receipt AdviceEDI 945 - Warehouse Shipping AdviceEDI 946 - Delivery Information MessageEDI 947 - Warehouse Inventory Adjustment AdviceEDI 980 - Functional Group TotalsEDI 997 - F
16、unctional AcknowledgmentEDI 998 - Set CancellationEDI 999 - Acceptance/Rejection AdviceEDI 820-A1 - Payment Order/Remittance Advice Below you will find a list of EDI transactions (sometimes referred to as EDI transaction codes or transaction sets) that are used as part of the ANSI ASC X12 EDI standa
17、rds.104 Air Shipment Information 110 Air Freight Details and Invoice 120 Vehicle Shipping Order 121 Vehicle Service 124 Property and Casualty Vehicle Damage 125 Multilevel Railcar Load Details 126 Vehicle Application Advice 127 Vehicle Buying Order 128 Dealer Information 129 Vehicle Carrier Rate Upd
18、ate 130 Student Educational Record (Transcript) 131 Student Educational Record (Transcript) Acknowledgment 135 Student Application 139 Student Loan Guarantee Result 140 Product Registration 141 Product Service Claim Response 142 Product Service Claim 143 Product Service Notification 144 Student Loan
19、 Transfer and Status Verification 146 Request for Student Educational Record Transcript) 147 Response to Request for Student Educational Record (Transcript) 148 Report of Injury, Illness or Incident 149 Notice of Tax Adjustment or Assessment 150 Tax Rate Notification 151 Electronic Filing of Tax Ret
20、urn Data Acknowledgment 152 Statistical Government Information 154 Uniform Commercial Code Filing 159 Motion Picture Booking Confirmation 161 Train Sheet 163 Appointment Schedule Information 170 Revenue Receipts Statement 175 Court Notice 176 Court Submission 180 Return Merchandise Authorization and
21、 Notification 185 Royalty Regulatory Report 186 Laboratory Reporting 188 Educational Course Inventory 189 Application for Admission to Educational Institutions 190 Student Enrollment Verification 191 Student Loan Preclaims 194 Grant or Assistance Application 195 Federal Communication Commission (FCC
22、) License Application 196 Contractor Cost Data Reporting 197 Real Estate Title Evidence 199 Mortgage Settlement Information 200 Mortgage Credit Report 201 Residential Loan Application 203 Secondary Mortgage Market Investor Report 204 Motor Carrier Shipment Information 206 Real Estate Mortgage Inspec
23、tion Request 210 Motor Carrier Freight Details and Invoice 213 Motor Carrier Shipment Status Inquiry 214 Transportation Carrier Shipment Stats Message 217 Motor Carrier Loading and Route Guide 218 Motor Carrier Tariff Information 242 Data Status Tracking 250 Loan Purchase Order Shipment Management D
24、ocument 251 Pricing Support 255 InsuranceUnderwriting Information Services 256 Periodic Annuity Compensation 260 Application for Mortgage Insurance Benefits 261 Residential Appraisal Request 262 Residential Appraisal Report 263 Residential Mortgage Insurance Application Response 264 Mortgage Loan De
25、fault Status 265 Real Estate Title Insurance Services Order 266 Mortgage Record Change 270 Health Care Eligibility/Benefit Inquiry 271 Health Care Eligibility/Benefit Information 272 Property and Casualty Loss Notification 273 Insurance/Annuity Application Status 275 Patient Information 276 Health C
26、are Claim Status Request 277 Health Care Claim Status Notification 278 Health Care Service Review Information 288 Wage Determination 290 Cooperative Advertising Agreements 300 Reservation (Booking Request) (Ocean) 301 Freight Receipt and Invoice (Ocean) 303 Booking Cancellation (Ocean) 304 Shipping
27、Instructions 309 wazzu U.S. Customs Manifest 310 Freight Receipt and Invoice (Ocean) 311 Canadian Customs Information 312 Arrival Notice (Ocean) 313 Shipment Status Inquiry (Ocean) 315 Status Details (Ocean) 317 Delivery/Pick-Up Order 319 Terminal Information 322 Terminal Operations and Intermodal R
28、amp Activity 323 Vessel Schedule and Itinerary (Ocean) 324 Vessel Stow Plan (Ocean) 325 Consolidation of Goods In Container 326 Consignment Summary List 350 U.S. Customs Release Information 352 U.S. Customs Carrier General Order Status 353 U.S. Customs Events Advisory Details 354 U.S. Customs Automa
29、ted Manifest Archive Status 355 U.S. Customs Manifest Acceptance/Rejection 356 U.S. Customs Permit to Transfer Request 357 U.S. Customs In-Bond Information 358 U.S. Customs Consist Information 361 Carrier Interchange Agreement (Ocean) 362 Cargo Insurance Advice of Shipment 404 Rail Carrier Shipment
30、Information 410 Rail Carier Freight Details and Invoice 414 Rail Carrier Settlements 417 Rail Carrier Waybill Interchange 418 Rail Advance Interchange Consist 419 Advance Car Disposition 420 Car Handling Information 421 Estimated Time of Arrival and Car Scheduling 422 Shippers Car Order 423 Rail Ind
31、ustrial Switch List 425 Rail Waybill Request 426 Rail Revenue Waybill 429 Railroad Retirement Activity 431 Railroad Station Master File 432 Rail Description 433 Railroad Reciprocal Switch File 435 Standard Transportation Commodity Code Master 436 Locomotive Information 440 Shipment Weights 451 Railr
32、oad Event Report 452 Railroad Problem Log Inquiry or Advice 453 Railroad Service Commitment Advice 455 Railroad Parameter Trace Registration 456 Railroad Equipment Inquiry or Advice 466 Rate Request 468 Rate Docket Journal Log 470 Railroad Clearance 475 Rail Route File Maintenance 485 Ratemaking Act
33、ion 490 Rate Group Definition 492 Miscellaneous Rate 494 Scale Rate Table 501 Vendor Performance Review 503 Pricing History 504 Clauses and Provisions 511 Requisition 517 Material Obligation Validation 527 Material Due-In and Receipt 536 Logistics Reassignment 561 Contract Abstract 567 Contract Comp
34、letion Status 568 Contract Payment Management Report 601 Shippers Exports Declaration 602 Transportation Services Tender 715 Intermodal Group Loading Plan 805 Contract Pricing Proposal 806 Project Schedule Reporting 810 Invoice 811 Consolidated Service Invoice/Statement 812 Credit/Debit Adjustment 8
35、13 Electronic Filing of Tax Return Data 815 Cryptographic Service Message 816 Organizational Relationship 818 Commission Sales Report 819 Operating Expense Statement 820 Payment Order/Remittance Advice 821 Financial Information Reporting 822 Customer Account Analysis 823 Lockbox 824 Application Advi
36、ce 826 Tax Information Reporting 827 Financial Payment Return Order/Return Notice 828 Debit Authorization 829 Payment Cancellation Request 830 Planning Schedule with Release Capability 831 Application Control Totals 832 Price/Sales Catalog 833 Mortgage Credit Report Order 834 Benefit Enrollment and
37、Maintenance 835 Health Care Claim Payment/Advice 836 Procurement Notices 837 Health Care Claim 838 Trading Partner Profile 839 Project Cost Reporting 840 Request for Quotation 841 Specifications/Technical Information 842 Nonconformance Report 843 Response to Request for Quotation 844 Product Transfe
38、r Account Adjustment 845 Price Authorization Acknowledgement/Status 846 Inventory Inquiry/Advice 847 Material Claim 848 Material Safety Data Sheet 849 Response to Product Transfer Account Adjustment 850 Purchase Order 851 Asset Schedule 852 Product Activity Data 853 Routing and Carrier Instruction 8
39、54 Shipment Delivery Discrepancy Information 855 Purchase Order Acknowledgment 856 Shipment Notice/Manifest 857 Shipment and Billing Notice 858 Shipment Information 859 Freight Invoice 860 Purchase Order Change Request - Buyer Initiated 861 Receiving Advice/Acceptance Certificate 862 Shipping Schedu
40、le 863 Report of Test Results 864 Text Message 865 Purchase Order Change Acknowledgment/Request - Seller Initiated 866 Production Sequence 867 Product Transfer and Resale Report 868 Electronic Forms Structure 869 Order Status Inquiry 870 Order Status Report 871 Component Parts Content 872 Residentia
41、l Mortgage Insurance Application 875 Grocery Products Purchase Order 876 Grocery Products Purchase Order Change 877 Manufacturer Coupon Family Code Structure 878 Product Authorization/De-authorization 879 Price Change 880 Grocery Products Invoice 881 Manufacturer Coupon Redemption Detail 882 Direct
42、Store Delivery Summary Information 883 Market Development Fund Allocation 884 Market Development Fund Settlement 885 Store Characteristics 886 Customer Call Reporting 887 Coupon Notification 888 Item Maintenance 889 Promotion Announcement 891 Deduction Research Report 893 Item Information Request 89
43、4 Delivery/Return Base Record 895 Delivery/ReturnAcknowledgment or djustment 896 Product Dimension Maintenance 920 Loss or Damage Claim - General Commodities 924 Loss or Damage Claim - Motor Vehicle 925 Claim Tracer 926 Claim Status Report and Tracer Reply 928 Automotive Inspection Detail 940 Wareho
44、use Shipping Order 943 Warehouse Stock Transfer Shipment Advice 944 Warehouse Stock Transfer Receipt Advice 945 Warehouse Shipping Advice 947 Warehouse Inventory Adjustment Advice 980 Functional Group Totals 990 Response to a Load Tender 996 File Transfer 997 Functional Acknowledgment 998 Set Cancellation
