1、cardiac adj. 心脏的cardiomyopathy n. 心肌病cardiovascular adj. 心血管的cardiology n.心脏病学myocarditis n.心肌炎 electrocardiogram n. 心电图人体部位 English Latin (拉丁语) Greek （希腊语）静脉 vein veno- phlebo- 胸 chest pecto- thoraco- 腹 belly abdomino- ventro-脊柱 backbone spino- spondylo-脑 brain cerebro- encephalo-头 head capito- cep
2、halo- 心 heart cordi- cardio- 手 hand mano-/manu- cheiro- 血管 vessel vaso- angio- 1.adren/o: adrenal gland(肾上腺)adrenal -al, pertaining to, 肾上腺的adrenaline -lin/line, substance,肾上腺素adrenalitis -itis, inflammation,肾上腺素的2. ar: pertaining to 与有关的vascular vascul/o, blood vessel. 血管的cellular 细胞的Molecular 分子的，
3、由分子组成的3. bi/o: life 生命，生物Biomedical 生物化学的biology -logy, the study of, 生物，生物学bio physical 生物物理学4. chrom/o, chromomat: color 颜色chromosomes -somes, bodies, 染色体chromatin -in, substance, 核染色质5. crin/o: secrete 分泌endocrinology 内分泌学crinogenic gen/o+ic, pertaining to the production, 促分泌的crinology 分泌学6. cyte
4、: cell 细胞erythrocyte erythr/o, red, 红细胞leukocyte leuk/o, white, 白细胞lymphocyte lymph/o, lymph(淋巴) 淋巴细胞7. cyt/: cell 细胞cytology 细胞学cytochemistry 细胞化学cytobiology 细胞生物学8. embry/o: embryo (胚胎)embryology 胚胎学embryoma -oma, tumor 胚瘤embryopathology 胚胎病理学pathology, the study of disease, 病理学9.endo-: inner 内部的e
5、ndocrinology 内分泌学endocardinal 心内膜的endocellular 细胞内的10. hist/o: tissue 组织histology 组织学Histopathology 组织病理学histotherapy 组织疗法hepat/o, liver 肝脏hepatitis, the inflammation of liver 肝炎vs. endo/crino/logygastr/o, stomach 胃enter/o, intestine 肠gastr/o/enter/o/logy 肠胃病学（1）炎: the inflammation of / -itishepatit
6、is 肝炎; hepat/o: liver 肝arteritis 动脉炎; arter/o: artery 动脉vasculitis 血管炎; vascul/o: vas/o: vessel 血管nephritis 肾炎; nephr/o: kidney 肾pancreatitis 胰腺炎; pancreat/o: pancreas 胰腺ovaritis; oophoritis 卵巢炎; pleuritis 胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura 胸膜（2） 术 operation of.缝合术:-orraphyaneurysmorraphy (suture) ;动脉瘤缝术aneurysm:动
7、脉瘤切除术: ectomy: removal pharyngectomy 咽切除 appendectomy: 阑尾切除术append/o: appendic/o: appendix 阑尾固定术: -pexy: fixingrectopexy 直肠固定术 rect/o: rectum 直肌3）方位/时间方面的词缀上： upper/superior; epi-; supra-epithelium 上皮组织；下：lower/inferior; infra-; sub-subcutaneous 皮下的； cutane/o: skin前：front/anterior/prior/ fore-; ante
8、-; pre-; antero-forehead 前额； anteroposterior 前后的 precirrhosis 前期肝硬化；cirrh/o:orange 硬变后：back/posterior/ post-; retro-postheptical 肝后的； heptic/o: liver;retrocardiac 心后的；cardi/o:heart内：inner/internal/ in-; endo-; ento-; entro-; intro-;inhale, inhalation 吸入endoscopy 内窥镜检； -scopy：visual exam外：outer/exter
9、nal/ex-; exo-; ultra-； extra-；extract 抽出； exhale 呼出excretion 排泄物； exocardial 心外的间：inter-; between; intermuscular 肌肉间的；常见药物词缀：-cillin 青霉素类药物阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素) amoxicillin 片剂、胶囊剂 氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素) ampicillin sodium 注射剂 羧苄青霉素钠 carbencillin 双氯青霉素 dicloxacillinCef-头孢类药物 头孢氨苄 cefalexin头孢羟氨苄 cefadroxil 头孢克洛 Cefaclor头
10、孢吡肟 Cefepime头孢丙烯 Cefprozil头孢拉定 cephradine1. a-, an- not/without asymptomaticanemia(-emia, blood)amorphous2. ana- apart 分离 anatomyanalysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown)analyst (-yst=ist, specialist)3. angio- vessels 血管 angiogram (-gram, record)angioplasty (-plasty, surgical repair)angitis (-itis, infl
11、ammation)4. anti- against 反对 antibody (body, substance)antigen (a substance, )5. -ary pertaining to pulmonary (pulm/o, the lungs)urinary (urin/o, urine)6. de- lack of/down/loss deficiencydegenerationdeoxyribonucleic7.dia- complete, cross through diagnosis (gnos/o, knowlege)dialysisdiameter (-meter,
12、instrument of measurement)8. electr/o electricity 电 electrocardiograph(-graph, an instrument of recording)electromyogram (my/o, muscle;-gram, record)electroencephalogram (encephal/o, brain)9. en- in, within endemic (dem/o, people), encloseengulf10. gnos/o knowledge agnosticPrognosis常见的医学英语词缀（1） 痛 he
13、adache, stomachache .the pain of ; ache, -algia; -agra; -dynianeuralgia 神经痛; neur/o: nerve（神经）;gastralgia 胃痛 ; gastr/o: gaster, stomach(胃)arthralgia 关节痛; arthr/o: joint(关节)abdominalgia 腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomen（腹部）（2）.与检查有关的词缀 镜检：-scopy 镜检法; -scope 镜；gastroscopy 胃镜法；量具：-meter: instrument for measuring（
14、测量仪）；cardiometer 心力计；thermometer 温度计 心电图： electrocardiogram =ECG; ( electrocardiograph 心电图仪) 脑电图: electroencephalogram=EEGB 超:type B ultrasonic CT：computerized tomography 计算机 x 射线断层 尿检：urine analysis 血常规：blood routine（3）其他词缀 怕， 畏惧 phobia: fear；photophobia 畏光 , phot/o:light困难 dys-： bad, difficultydys
15、function 功能障碍; dyspepsia 消化不良dyspnea 呼吸困难, -pnea：breathing不良 mal-： badmalnutrition 营养不良； malpractice 事故malfunction 机能障；malignant 恶性的；maladministration 管理不善好， 正， eu-： good；eugenic 优生的 adj. eugenics 优生学; gen/o: producing（生产）euthanasia 安乐死; -thanasia: death（死）瘤，肿块 oma: tumor; cancer; swellinglymphoma 淋
16、巴瘤； hematoma 血肿血症 emia： blood conditionleukemia 白血病； septicemia 败血症高：hyper- ：high，above; hyperdynamia: 肌力过度; (dynam/o: power, force: dynamic adj.)hypertension 高血压（ high blood pressure）低：hypo-; low; below hypotonia 张力/压力过低hypotension （low blood pressure）低血压hyposensitive adj. 弱敏的疗法：-therapyradiotherap
17、y 放疗; radiotherapist(放疗专家)chemotherapy 化疗physiotherapy 理疗psychotherapy 心理疗法therapist 治疗师无， 没有 a- an-: withoutatypical 非典型性的asexual 无性的asymptomatic 无症状的anemia 贫血anorexia 厌食症 orex/o: appetiteanesthesia 麻醉(感觉缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception )elasticity n.弹性，弹力feeble adj.虚弱的，衰弱的，无力的sag vi. 松弛sensory a
18、dj. 感官的，感觉的，知觉的squeeze v. 挤；榨；捏stamina n. 精力；耐力，韧劲taut adj. 紧的，绷紧的Transitory adj. 短暂的，转瞬即逝的wreak vt. 施行（暴力）；发（脾气）；报仇wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的前缀 意思 例子 定义的例子olig/o few, scanty oligomenorrhea a scanty menstrual flow (men/o)经量异常pan- all panacea remedy that cures all ills; a cure-all 治百病的药super-* above, excess
19、supernumerary in excess number 超过数量equi- equal, same equilateral having equal sides 等边的，等面的hetero- other, different, heterosexual pertaining to the opposite sex异性恋的；homo-, same, maintaining a constant body temperaturehomeo- unchanging homothermic 保持一个恒定的体温; warm blooded 恒温的iso- equal, same isograft
20、graft between two genetically identical individuals 同基因移植物macro- large, macrocyte extremely large red blood cell 大红细胞abnormally largemega-,* large;megalo abnormally large megabladder enlargement of the bladder 膀胱扩张micro- small microscopic extremely small; visible onlythrough a microscope 显微镜的neo- ne
21、w neonate a newborn infant 新生儿哺乳物normo normal normovolemia normal blood volume 血量正常ortho straight, correct, orthotic Correcting or prevcnting deformities 矫正的upright poikilo- varied（杂色的）; poikiloderma 皮肤异色病irregular pseudo- false pseudoplegia false paralysis (suffix -plegia)假麻痹，假瘫re- again; back regu
22、rgitation backward or return flow, as of bloodor stomach contents 回流；反刍dextr/o right dextrocardia location of the heart (cardi/o) in th右位心 e right side of the chestsinistr/o left sinistrad toward the left 向左ecto- out; outside ectoderm outermost layer of the developing ec-, embryo 外胚层ex/o away from;o
23、utside excise to cut out 切除，删去end/o- in; within endoscope device for viewing the inside of a cavity ororgan 内窥镜mes/o middle mesencephalon midbrain 中脑syn-, together synapse a junction between two nerve cells(神sym- 经元的)突触tel/e-, end telangion a terminal vessel (root angi/o)tel/o- 终动脉与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀 病 p
24、atho- Pathogen（病原体）/pathology（病理学）/pathogenesis (发病机理/发病原)疗法-pathy ,-pathic neuropathy 神经病变/nephropathy（肾病）/adrenopathy （肾上腺病）病态 osis, -otic neurosis(神经症；神经衰弱症)/tuberculosis（肺结核）/schistosomiasis (血吸虫病)增多 leukocytosis/granulocytosis (粒细胞增多)减少 penia, -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia（红细胞减少）/granu
25、locytopenia （粒细胞减少） 小/微 -let droplet（小滴）/platelet（血小板）/leaflet（小叶） 复合/多 poly- polyuria（多尿症）/polymer 聚合物/polyopia 视物显多症全/泛 pan- pancolectomy 全结肠切除术 /panmyelosis 全骨髓增生/pandemic 全国流行的（疾病） 相反 dis- disease（疾病，不健康）/disorder（失调）/disability（不健全，残疾） 困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction（功能紊乱）/dyspepsia 消化不良；胃弱/dyspnea （呼吸困
26、难）不良 mal- malfunction（故障，失灵）/malnutrition（营养不良）/malpractice（玩忽职守，不良行为） 炎症 -itis appendicitis（阑尾炎）/bronchitis（支气管炎）/arthritis （关节炎）瘤/块 -oma lymphoma（淋巴瘤）/adenoma 腺瘤/hematoma 血肿血症 -emia leukemia 白血病/septicemia 败血病/bacteremia 菌血症痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia 止痛；无痛法/hypoalgesia 痛觉减退/ algometer
27、 痛觉测验计麻痹 -plegia hemiplegia（偏瘫）/pamplegia（全瘫）/myoplegia （肌瘫痪） 流出 rrhea Diarrhea（腹泻）/hypermenorrhea（月经过多）/rhinorrhea （流鼻涕）坏死 necrosis， necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis（肝坏死）/myonecrosis（肌坏死）/necrospermia （死精症）结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis 结石病/lithogenesis（结石形成）/cholelithes 胆结石3. 与方位有关的前缀上 upper/superior: epi-/
28、supra- epidemic（流行病）/epithelium（上皮细胞）/supracostal (肋上的；肋外的)下 lower/inferior: infra-/sub- infracostal 肋骨下的/subclavicular(锁骨下的)/subcutaneous （皮下的）前 front/anterior/prior: fore-/ante-/pre- Forehead 前额/anteroposterior 前后的/precirrhosis（前期肝硬变） 后 back/posterior: post-/retro- Posthepatic 肝后的/postprandial 餐后的
29、/retrocardiac 心脏后的内 inner/internal: in-/endo-/ento- Inhalation 吸入/endoscopy 内窥镜检查/entocranial【解剖学】颅内的外 outer/external: ex-/exo- extract 取出/excretion（排泄，分泌物）间 between: inter- Intermuscular（肌间的）/intercostal （肋间部分）旁/副 on the side of: para-Parathyroid（甲状旁腺的）/paraprotein（病变蛋白，副蛋白）/pararenal 肾旁的周,围 around
30、 : peri- Perioperative（围手术期的）/pericarditis 心包炎/peritoneum 腹膜 中心 central: centri-/centra- /centro-centrifugation 离心分离/centralize 集中地/centronucleus 中心核 反/对 opposite: counter-/contra- Counterpart（副本）/countershock 对抗休克/contraindication 禁忌症注：in vivo/invaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/insait
31、ju:/原位 4. 与外科手术有关 切除: -ectomyAppendectomy 阑尾切除术/gastrectomy 胃切除术/splenectomy 脾切除术 切开: -tomyTracheotomy 气管切开术/hysterotomy 子宫切开术/craniotomy 穿颅术；颅骨切开术切（割）: -tome tracheotome 气管切开刀/thoracotome 开胸刀吻合 stomy gastroesophagostomy 胃食管吻合术成形术 -plasty Tracheoplasty 气管成形术/osteoplasty外科 骨成形术/myoplasty（肌成形术）造影: -gr
32、aphy Angiography 血管造影/nephrography 肾实质造影/phlebography （静脉造影术）经: trans- Transabdominal 经腹的/translateral 经两侧的/transurethral （经尿道的） 注： -graphy 为方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心电图检查术；graph 为仪器，如：electrocardigraph 心电图机；gram 为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram 心电图记录医学英语中的常用词缀-phasia 某种语言的变态speech 演讲 heterophasia 异语症utter
33、ing 故意提供或传递伪造文件罪 words that are different from those intended 异语症，错语症-lalia 含糊不清的讲话speech, babble coprolalia 秽语症compulsive use of obscene words (copro means “feces”)秽语症-lexia 苛性液葡萄干reading dyslexia 读写困难 difficulty in reading 读写困难-plegia 麻痹，瘫痪paralysis tetraplegia 四肢麻痹，四肢瘫痪 paralysis of all four limb
34、s 四肢麻痹，四肢瘫痪-paresis 轻度瘫痪，麻痹性痴呆partial paralysis 部分麻痹hemiparesis 轻偏瘫，偏身轻瘫partial paralysis of one side of the body 轻偏瘫，偏身轻瘫-lepsy 病的发作 病的侵袭seizure 疾病的突然发作narcolepsy 发作性睡(眠)病;嗜睡症condition marked by sudden episodes of sleep 发作性睡(眠)病;嗜睡症-phobia 恐惧 憎恶persistent, irrational fear 非理性恐惧 agoraphobia 广场恐怖症fea
35、r of being in a public place (from Greek agora, meaning “marketplace”)恐旷症;公共场所恐惧症-mania癖，狂excited state, obsession megalomania exaggerated self-importance 自大; “delusions of grandeur”地位或权势的幻想，精神病态的幻想 自大狂;夸大狂与“作用”有关的前（后）缀 杀 -cide/-cidal Insecticide 杀虫剂/pesticide 杀虫剂/bactericidal 杀菌的 抑 -stasis/-static
36、bacteriostasis 细菌抑制/virostatic 抑制病毒的/tuberculostatic 抑制结核菌生长的 驱逐 -fuge febrifuge 退热药/centrifuge 离心机抗 -anti antibiotic 抗生的，抗菌的/antimycotic 抗真菌的/antimutagen 抗突变剂去/脱/除 de- detergent 清洁剂，去垢剂/ desensitization 脱敏回/再/复 re- reabsorb 再吸收，重吸收/reactivation 再活化 再生/recombinant 重组 重组体冷冻 cryo- cryobiology 低温生物学/cryopreservation 低温贮藏/cryoprotectant 冷冻保护剂否/去/分离 dis- disinfection 杀菌消毒/dissociate 游离/dissection 解剖解开向后/退行 retro- retrograde 倒退/retrosternal 胸骨后的/retrocardiac 在心脏后
