1、来源：青岛国际石材展 居业全球石材 时间：2013 年 7 月 18-21 日废料的综合利用中国石材行业产值巨大，中小企业众多，例如云浮地区，广东省云浮地区石材产业拥有200多年的发展历史，具有企业多、石材品种多、超前工艺多、配套行业多、从事石材人员多、名优石材多的显著特点。然而在对石材加工时，每年产生约40万吨废石粉和石料，这些废石粉和石料的运送及堆存对当地的环境产生了较大的污染，并带来了严重的存放问题，并可能制约地方工业的进一步发展。再例如浙江桐庐县，县城有石材企业约200家，仅钟山乡就有石材企业107家。每年产生废渣26000立方米（其中石粉11000立方米，边角废渣15000立方米），
2、石粉大都通过污水排放，边角废料大部分也作填方或倒在路边，溪沟，严重污染了土地和水源。遇到晴天大风的日子，粉尘四处飞扬，污染更严重。因而，根本的出路是对石粉、石渣进行综合利用，将它们用作新型建筑材料或其他工业产品的原材料，变废为宝，开发新产品。这样，即可根治当地污染，又可获得经济收益，还可以提供新的就业机会，使当地工业走上可持续发展的道路。石材粉末利用今天世界各地都在研究天然和人造石材废渣在不同类型行业里的应用，特别是建筑材料行业。对大理石粉末的利用，目前已不成问题，因为它是一种具有广泛用途的化工产品。从大理石中提取出碳酸钙可用于合成塑料、防水油毡，水性涂产或其他化工行业。大理石粉末与土壤按照不
3、同的比例进行混合，就能够制成不同的建筑用石砖，按照产品不同一般大理石粉末会占到10%、25%或者50%。其断裂强度分别为1.08mpa、1.67mpa和1.91mpa。另外大理石粉末也可代替纯碱用于回收电池铅。多年来，有一些专业厂用纯碱做助溶剂回收电池铅。意大利一家公司现在已使用锯切大理石废料浆中的大理石粉末来代替纯碱。这样做的优点是：降低生产成本和将废渣进入新的生产流程。碳酸钙与其他添加剂成分（硅砂、铁屑、碳、电池的铅化合物、硫酸盐和氧化物）混合后能够回收电池铅，同时产生出一种废物，这种废物中含有氧化钙、硅酸盐、氧化铁与金属铁，以及2-3%的铅。以前采用纯碱回收铅会产生有毒废物，无法利用，现
4、在由于掺入大理石废浆后，其中所含石灰并不妨碍废物与水泥、沙子的凝聚，因而可以得到充分利用，例如要用做洗衣机洗涤筒的稳定压块，因为这种废物中含有50%的铁，比重大。利用这正方法，意大利有一家工厂每月回收800吨电池铅，消耗150吨大理石粉末。废材废浆利用加工卡拉拉白色类大理石产生的废浆，含有碳酸钙；而彩色大理石的废浆中除含有碳酸钙外，还含有氧化铁、镁、锰等氧化物。由于加工石材时没有使用污染性外加剂，所以，可将大理石粉末看作是一种几乎很纯的化学产品，可以在工业等领域中使用。通过研究花岗石废浆的化学成分，发现尽管材料不同，其与黏土材料有很强的亲合性。意大利的UNIECO的砖瓦设备公司是生产砖瓦设备的
5、，这家公司将不同百分比的废浆与黏土混合进行试验，其结果是产品合格。加进40%的废浆不会发生问题。用石材废浆生产砖，只用过滤后的废浆即可，而不必用干燥的粉尘。石材废料也可以广泛应用于建筑之外的各行各业，包括造纸工业、陶瓷工业(陶器),农业土壤改良等,例如在新加坡，花岗岩粉末可以被用来作为土壤改良剂和化肥。粉末状的天然石材非常适合用作肥料和人行道的铺设，其固有的矿物成分,比如钙和镁,是土壤和植物需要的养分生活。据国外研究，一公顷土地需要100吨大理石粉末才能将微酸值土壤的PH值变成接近中性值。土壤中酸性过高，有益于镁、硼与植物的亲和，但会引起铝、铜、锌中毒现象。在利用石材厂废浆，即碳酸钙改变土壤的
6、配性方面意大利已有一些经验。如意大利一家酒场，利用石材加工废浆的大理石粉末使土壤中性化后，再流入河流与湖泊中就可以避免河湖的酸化。同时，全世界也都存在着并在研究着酸雨问题。酸雨产生的污染很多，但主要是来自煤炭及其派出物的燃烧。电站燃烧排放的烟就是一个不可忽视的污染源。目前已制造出用石灰石干法或湿法除去二氧化硫的设备。意大利的ENEL采用来源：青岛国际石材展 居业全球石材 时间：2013 年 7 月 18-21 日干法把碳酸钙（大理石废浆）与二氧化硫反应产生硫酸钙即石膏，可用于建筑业。这可重新利用大量大理石废浆，也清洁了环境。有的专家打算将很细的碳酸钙粉末放入被污染最厉害的世界大湖之ORTA湖，
7、以除去水中的酸。碳酸钙的粉末粒度要小于0.1mm，至少30%的量要低于0.02mm。而大理石厂的废浆非常符合这一要求，因为大理石废浆中包括大理石粉末在内60%的固体物的粒度要低于0.01mm。Green Stone Industry Integrated Application of Stone LeftoversStone industry output value of China is huge and there are so many stone enterprises. Take Yunfu for example, its history of stone industry de
8、velopment is over 200 years. The result of so many stone processing volumes is that over 0.4 million tons stone leftovers are generated every year. During delivery and storage, dust and leftovers are so unfriendly to environment which will also affect industry development.Another example is Tonglu C
9、ounty in Zhejiang, there are about 200 stone enterprises in this small county and 26,000m3 stone leftovers are generated every year. Stone dust is discharged with waste water and most leftovers are filled in gulley or just stored beside roads. Earth and water are seriously polluted. When its windy a
10、nd sunny, dust is everywhere. The essential solution is to promote stone leftovers integrated application and turn them to be building materials or raw materials of other products. Then, industry will be green and sustainable.The Reuse of Stone DustNowadays, the research on reuse of stone leftovers
11、is on the agenda of many different industries, especially the building material companies. There is no problem for us to use the marble dust which is widely used as a kind of chemical product. The calcium carbonate extracted from marble can be applied for synthetic plastic, waterproof tarpaulins, wa
12、ter-based paint production or other chemical industry. According to different proportions, the marble dust can be mixed with soil to produce building bricks. With the proportions ranging in 10%, 25% or 50%, the fracture strengths are 1.08 mpa, 1.67 mpa and 1.91 mpa, respectively.In addition, the mar
13、ble dust can also replace the soda ash for recycling battery lead. For a long time, the soda ash has been made as solvent recovery to recycle battery lead. However, an Italian company tried to replace the soda ash with marble dust from the cutting wastes. The advantages are to reduce the producing c
14、ost and reuse the waste into a new production process. The mix of calcium carbonate and other additives (silica sand, iron, carbon, battery lead compounds, sulfate and oxide) can recycle the battery lead, and at the same time release a kind of waste containing the calcium oxide, silicate, ferric oxi
15、de and metallic iron, as well as 2-3% of lead. Before, the use of soda ash will produce the useless poisonous waste. But after mixed with marble slurry, the lime does not prevent the cohesiveness of waste cement and sand, and thus can be fully used. For example, with its containing of 50% iron, the
16、waste can be used as the stable saddle weight of washing machine tub. In this way, the Italian factory recycle 800 tons of battery lead monthly, consuming 150 tons of marble dust.Make Use of Waste Materials and SlurryWaster slurry from the Carrara white marble processing contains calcium carbonate,
17、and the waste slurry of colored marble not only contains calcium carbonate but also contains the oxides of iron, magnesium, manganese, etc. We can take the marble dust as an almost pure chemical products and use it in industries, because the stone was processed without any polluting admixtures. Besi
18、des, according to study of the chemical composition of the waste slurry of granite, it is found that the slurry has a strong affinity with the clay materials despite of different compositions with that of marble. UNIECO from Italy is a 来源：青岛国际石材展 居业全球石材 时间：2013 年 7 月 18-21 日company that produces bri
19、ck equipment, they tried a test and mix the waste slurry and clay with different percentage, then got qualified products. When using stone slurry to produce bricks, It is filtered slurry rather than dry dust that is needed and it is no problem to add 40% waste slurry.Except for building materials in
20、dustry, paper manufacturing, ceramic, agriculture and so on recycle stone waste widely. For example, in Singapore, granite dust can be used as fertilizers and soil conditioners. Natural stone dust is not only well-suited for using as fertilizers and paving materials of sidewalk, but also can provide
21、 essential nutrients for soil and plants due to its rich mineral composition like calcium and magnesium. Though soil acidity will be beneficial to affinity of magnesium & boron and plants, it will also do great harm to plants for alumium, copper and zinc poisoning. According to overseas research, 10
22、0 tons of marble dust is needed to neutralize soil acidity to a PH value near 7 for 1 hectares area. Italy has already experienced in using stone slurry, namely, calcium carbonate to improve soil condition for a long time. Take one Italian winery as an example, to prevent the acidity of rivers and l
23、akes, stone processing waste slurry with marble dust is disposed by soil neutralization before running into rivers and lakes.Recent years, the harm of acid rain is growing globally, mainly due to the increase toxic gases from coal burning. Nowadays, equipments to get rid of sulfur dioxide have alrea
24、dy come into market. Italian ENEL equipment uses dry method, taking advantage of chemical reaction between marble sludge (calcium carbonate) and sulfur dioxide, producing calcium sulfate, also named as gypsum, an important building material, which creates a win-win situation, not only environmental
25、friendly but also turning large quantity of marble slurry into treasures. Experts are planing to pour tiny calcium carbonate dust into one of the most polluted lakeLake ORTA to neutralize water acidity. However the dust size must be less than 0.1mm, 30% of which must be less than 0.02mm. Fortunately, marble slurry accords with this requirement very well with 60% of solid content including marble dust size less than 0.01mm.
