1、Darwin and his revolution theory达尔文和他的“进化论”,物种起源(The Origin of Species)全称论借助自然选择（即在生存斗争中保存优良族）的方法的物种起源（On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life）是达尔文(Charles Robert Darwin, 1809 1882)论述生物进化的重要著作，出版于1859年11月24日。,Two parts,A
2、brief-introduction of Darwin（达尔文简介）The theory of evolution（进化论）,Darwin ,1809-1882. British naturalist and evolutionary biologists, , The founder of Darwinism. Father of modern biology,达尔文（1809-1882）英国博物学家，进化生物学家，进化论的创始人,1809:Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury , Shropshire , England（查尔斯罗伯特达
3、尔文是出世在什鲁斯伯里，什罗普郡，英格兰）,18251827:as an apprentice doctor in the University of Edinburgh Medical School （爱丁堡医学院，见习医生）,18281831:Christs College, Cambridge（剑桥大学，基督学院）,18311836: the voyage lasted almost five years （旅行将近5年）,1855: begin to write something about the evolution （开始撰写进化论）,1859: He published his
4、 book On the Origin of Species （物种起源出版）,1882: died and buried in Westminster Abbey ,close to Newton , he was one of only five nineteenth-century non-royal personages from the United Kingdom to be honoured by a state funeral（去世时，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂，他是19世纪来自于英国的五个非皇家能够享誉国葬的人物之一）,The route of the voyage which la
5、sted almost five years当年达尔文搭乘的英国皇家舰艇“小猎犬”号航行路线,18311836: the voyage lasted almost five years （长达5年的航行）,the turtle and birds that Darwin saw In his voyage（在他的航行中遇到的乌龟和鸟）,The theory of evolution（进化论）,Darwins theory of evolution,Brief introduction（简介）Three features of evolution（3个特征）Influence（影响）,Darwi
6、ns theory of evolution is also called Darwinism. It is about the idea that all plants and animals develop gradually from simpler to more complicated forms by natural selection, which is the process by which only plants and animals that are naturally suitable for life in their environment will contin
7、ue to live, while all others will die.（达尔文的进化论也被称为达尔文主义。它主要阐述，所有的植物和动物通过自然选择从简单到复杂逐渐发展的形式，自然选择告诉我们植物和动物在他们所属的环境中只有适应于自然才能继续存活，反而将会死亡）,Three feathers（三大特征）,The Premise all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor（前提所有的生物是息息相关的，并且来自于一个共同的祖先）Natural selection acts to preserve and accumu
8、late minor advantageous genetic mutations. （自然选择行为的延续和积累有利于发生轻微的基因突变） A slow gradual process natural selection acts only by taking advantage of slight successive variations; It can never take a great and sudden leap, but must advance by short and sure, though slow steps.（一个缓慢渐进的过程自然选择只是通过利用轻微连续的变化来发
9、挥作用，而不 是一个突然的飞跃，虽然步伐较慢，但必须短而精确）,The influence of this evolutionary theory upon scientific thought and experimentation cannot be overestimated（过高评价）. In the years following the promulgation of Darwins theory of evolution, many accepted and many denied its validity. (进化论在科学思想和实验中的影响并没有得到过高评价。在随后几年达尔文进
10、化论的传播中，一部分人接受他的观点，而一部分人反对他的正确性),Influence,The theory found an opposing force in some religious creeds that declared it incompatible with their basic tenets（原则）. For a time， evolution sometimes falsely interpreted as meaning human descent from monkeys rather than descent from an ancient and extinct a
11、ncestor, became a target for attack by both church and educational authorities. The conflit continued even as late as the time of the Scopes trial. Nevertheless, the theory of evolution became firmly entrenched as a scientific principle, and in most creeds it has been reconciled with religious teach
12、ings. （由于进化论与一些宗教信条的基本原则并不相容，对于该理论的传播造成阻力。一时间，进化论有时被错误地解释为人类祖先是猴子而不是一个古老的和已灭绝的祖先，这成为教会和教育部门反对的主要内容。这种冲突一直持续“猴子审判”期间。尽管如此，进化论已确定成为了科学原则根深蒂固的理论，并在大多数宗教信仰中得到认可。） Scopes trial ：1925年，当时美国田纳西州的法律禁止在中学讲授违反圣经的理论，而Scopes却违反这条法律讲授了进化论。因此Scopes被“神创论”的支持者告上了法庭，而这个审判就是有名的猴子审判。,After Darwins theory of evolution（达尔文进化论之后的现代进化论）,“Evolutionary tree”（生物进化树）,Thank you,Chen shuhuiApril 1st，2015,
