1、AbstractRock and Roll was born in America, which developed in 1950s,and thrived in 1960s. In the 1960s, the development of the special social environment, culture and economy in the United States created the conditions for the formation and development of rock and roll. The emergence and development
2、 of rock and roll in the United States also produced great influences on American society. In this paper, I will describe the history and the culture of 1960s in America. According to analyse the development of rock music in 1960s in America, we can conclude that the background information of the 19
3、60s in the United States created the conditions for the formation and development of rock and roll. While the development of rock and roll in the 1960s in the United States produced great influences on American society. Generally speaking, the rock music not only impacted on the traditional values o
4、f the United States, but also impacted on the racial outlook and spirit of the age of the United States. Key Words: United States; Rock n Roll; 1960s 摘要摇滚乐产生于美国，发展于 1950 年代，兴盛于 1960 年代。二十世纪六十年代，美国特有的社会环境，文化和经济的发展为摇滚乐的产生及发展创造了条件，而摇滚乐在美国的出现和发展又对美国社会产生了重大影响。本文将描述二十世纪六十年代的美国历史和文化，通过分析摇滚乐在 1960 年代的美国的发展，
5、从而可以得出结论：在 1960 年代，美国的社会背景为摇滚乐的形成及发展创造了条件。然而，1960 年代的摇滚乐在美国发展对美国社会也产生了重大影响。大致来讲，摇滚乐不但影响了美国的传统价值观，而且还作用于美国的种族观和美国的时代精神。关键字：美国；摇滚乐；1960 年代Contents1. Introduction12. The Origin of Rock n Roll.12.1 Background Information of Rock n Roll 12.2 The Emergence of Rock n Roll.22.3 The Origins of the Phrase.23.
6、 Rock n Roll in 1960s in America23.1 The Social Background and Social Status in the 1960s in America.23.1.1 The Civil Rights Movement.33.1.2 Opposition to the Vietnam War33.1.3 Counter Culture Movement.33.1.4 Feminist Movement 43.2 The Development of “Rock and Roll” in the 1960s in America43.2.1 The
7、 Main Famous Styles in the 1960s.53.2.2 The Main Famous Stars and Bands in United States in the 1960s63.2.2.1 Bob Dylan.63.2.2.2 The Beatles73.2.2.3 The Rolling Stones94. The Impact which Brought to America by “rock and roll” .104.1The Effects on the Traditional Values of the United States104.1.1 Ro
8、ck: Racial Adhesive114.1.2 Subversion of the Traditional Value of Reconstruction114.2TheEffects on the Racial Outlook and Spirit of the Age of the United States .124.2.1 The Vanguard of the Times, the Spirit of Idol125. Conclusion .136. Bibliography.14The Development and the Influence of AmericanRoc
9、k n Roll1. Introduction:Rock and Roll was born in America, which developed in 1950s, and thrived in 1960s. However, in the 1960s, America entered a new historical period, the U.S. economy was turned to a new round of cyclical downturn by the postwar boom, and then social problems exacerbated. Thus,
10、during this period, some civil rights and cultural movements took place. But rock music thrived; whats more, it produced great influences on America society. Therefore, it can be said that there was a closely relationship between rock music and the American society.In this thesis, my attention is pa
11、id to analyse rock and roll in 1960s in America. I will describe the history and the culture of 1960s in America. According to the analysis of the development of rock music in 1960s in America, we can conclude that the development of the special social environment, culture and economy in 1960s in th
12、e United States created the conditions for the formation and development of rock and roll. The emergence and development of rock and roll in the United States produced great influences on American society. Generally speaking, the rock music not only impacted on the traditional values of the United S
13、tates, but also impacted on the racial outlook and spirit of the age of the United States. 2. The Origin of Rock n Roll2.1 Background Information of Rock n RollReviewing the first half of the 20th Century of the history in United States from 1920s and 1930s, there was a great depression in Europe an
14、d the United States owing to the economic crisis.At the end of 30s, the Second World War broke out. In 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor led to the United States was in anti-fascist war. In the 1950s, the United States had a period of relative stability and prosperity, which is often regarded as the
15、 American era of prosperity. Looking at the 1950s, after Eisenhower became President in 1952, the American economy began to be stable, and the society begun to become a state in which people lived and worked in peace and most of people felt content. Hence, middle class was swelling, and their own ch
16、ildren were born in the baby boom so that the world became a young mans world because of the unprecedented growth in the number of teenagers. At that time, the extracurricular life of children was staying with their families. And TV programs were also healthier at that time, and the peoples taste of
17、 music is not so much different, so two generations usually enjoyed the same music. In the 1940s and 1950s, there was the “big band” playing music, and their lyrics often represented pure love and lasted for decades. During this period, the music was not threatening, it tried to give people a comfor
18、table and peaceful feeling.As life conditions were superior in the 1950s, the batch of teenagers that grew up in this time, who did not like their parents life style which experienced some wars and misery. As a result, they began to misunderstand their parents thought and the way of their life, and
19、they were unwilling to travel the path which their parents had arranged for him. They had their own pursuit and passion. Therefore, there gradually formed a powerful force with the large number of youth, who no longer followed their parents to admire the sentimental pop songs. At this point, they ju
20、st found their own voice in the rock and roll. However, rock music is simple, powerful and straightforward, especially its strong rhythm was in conformity with the characteristics of the adolescents energetic, active; and the free performance situation of rock and roll was corresponding to their reb
21、ellious attitude. Rock songs theme was closely related to their concerns. Because of the entire announcement, the rock and roll would gradually come to the center of the big stage of the era. 2.2 The emergence of rock n rollIn the early 1950s, American pop music market appeared a phenomenon of the t
22、hree pillars. Black people appreciated the music was basically Rhythm and Blues(R and this song caused a great sensation in the adolescents. In July 1955, Day and Night made the rock music won the first prize in the list of POP, which marks the arrival of the rock musics age. The singer, Bill Haley,
23、 thus became the first rock youth idol. Since then, rock music began to sweep the country. 3. Rock n Roll in the 1960s in AmericaThe 1960s is one of the turbulent times in American history. And then, how about the development of rock and roll in this period?3.1 The social background and social statu
24、s in the 1960s in AmericaIn the 1960s, America entered a new historical period, and the U.S. economy was turned to a new round of cyclical downturn by the postwar boom, and then social problems exacerbated. Racial discrimination with the blacks leaded to “the civil rights movement”, of which for rac
25、ial equality as the goal. After WWII, women made less money and had fewer opportunities than men in the same jobs, or they became housewives completely. So some groups of women were against gender discrimination called the “feminism”. At the same time, not only many young people detested traditional
26、 white male values in US society, but also many people thought the Vietnam War was wrong. As the rapid development of the Negro movement and the womans movement, the so-called the generation of silence in the 1950s had been replaced for the generation of protest in the 1960s. 3.1.1 The Civil Rights
27、MovementThe civil rights movement was the struggle of blacks in America for equal rights. It is the one of most important social movements in the 1960s in United States history.In the early 1960s, there were many sittings and protests in the USA, in which people fought against the racial discriminat
28、ion and the social unbalance. Although these civil rights efforts had no violent, while they often met with violent responses on the part of white mobs and the police. Civil rights workers were jailed, beaten, and sometimes even murdered. By the mid-1960s, the Civil Rights Movement had got the atten
29、tion of the nation and the Congress. Congress had passed laws that made segregation, job discrimination illegal, and strengthened voting rights. The movement had achieved many goals. However, King and others realized that these changes in the law were not enough. There was still much discrimination
30、and prejudice, and that the blacks earned far less than the whites. King was convinced that problems of the blacks poverty in the South and in the North had to deal with. In 1968, he organized a Poor Peoples Campaign.As the workers struggle for the civil rights, Americans has made great progress. Il
31、legal segregation ended in the South, and Southern Afro-Americans could vote. But racism was still serious in the US. Kings dream of true equality for all still has not fully come true.3.1.2 Opposition to the Vietnam WarSmall-scale anti-war movement took place in the campus of the University in 1964
32、, where occurred unprecedented left-wing student activism at the same time. The large population of baby boomers should go to the college because of their age. The growth of the anti-war movement also partially attributed to a wide range of television news reports, thus the Americans of college-age
33、than previous generations had access to more information about the war. In 1968, anti-war demonstrations got through the country. In August, there were a large-scale Chicago demonstrators and a police conflict, which resulted in bloodshed. A record number of dead in Vietnam, the antiwar movement see
34、ms to be expressed in various ways in the entire growth violently.3.1.3 Counter culture MovementCounter-culture movement was popular among young people in the 1960s, which was characterized by anti-war and anti-mainstream culture. And it was a kind of values, culture and lifestyle.After World War II
35、, Western society had entered a period of rapid economic growth. Peoples long-eager “affluent society” was coming. However, with peoples increasing material needs, the spiritual needs and the meaning of life as an important issue appeared in society. The way of work and life was monotonous; science
36、and technology threaten the process system of environment for human survival directly or indirectly, which contrasted with the emptiness of peoples spiritual life and also contributed to the anxiety of the peoples hearts. Especially for a lot of middle-class youth in the United States, the prosperou
37、s life exacerbated their concerns about the state of their own lives. Driven by disappointment and anxiety, they embarked on a path of treason against the orthodox social norms. Those people became the people known as the “hippies”.Generally speaking, Counter-culture movement could encompass a broad
38、 protest movement that occurred in American society in the 1960s, including campus democracy sports, womans liberation movement, the black civil rights movement, anti-war peace movement, the environmental movement, gay rights movement and other aspects of the political “revolution”, and also includi
39、ng rock, sexual liberation, drugs, hippie culture and mysticism and other self-revival aspects of the cultural “revolution”. The main body of the counter-culture movement is young students, so it is also named the youth culture movement.3.1.4 Feminist MovementThe Feminist Movement is also known as W
40、omens Movement, Womens Liberation, or Womens Lib.The Womans movement was in the 1960s in a population-based organization, which composed by younger, and more radical rot women who asked to have the right of reproductive choice, equality of opportunity in employment, equality of educational opportuni
41、ty, equality of sex and equality of rights to participate in politics. After the Feminist Movement of America in the 1960s, which is one of the most lasting and successful campaigns in all the movements of the 1960s,women started to seek social movements for democracy and freedom.3.2 The development
42、 of “Rock and Roll” in the 1960s in America Johnson succeeded to be the presidency in 1963, and he continued to expand the Vietnam War, which made American people caught in a serious split. And some of the young people began to find other ways to get out of this situation, so they left the family an
43、d the community to Northern California in San Francisco. Because of the West Coast, “New America” became the representative of the new ideas, new roads and other ways of life. San Franciscos Haight-Ashbury, was frequented by hippies, whose main activities in these areas was a life of drug and sex fr
44、ee. The young people loved the philosophy of peace and music. According to statistics, there were about 500-1500 rock band to perform there. At the same time, a new sound appeared. The dazzling color, hallucinogenic experience strobe lighting, electronic equipment, slides, movies, drawing, painting
45、and poster were to increase the excitatory effects of the rock. People wore the absurd or obscene dress, balloons and streamers. There was a further increase in the visual stimulation, which is called the “San Francisco sound”. San Francisco sound, sometimes was called the psychedelic Rock or Acid R
46、ock. Simply from the music point, the difference between it and other rock music was not so clear. In 1967, Surrealistic Pillow has made great achievements. Therefore, “Jefferson Airplane” was known as the most important representatives of the hippie era of the San Francisco sound, which became one
47、of the most prestigious rock groups in America. The rise of the rock music made original pop music and pop music industry be up and down. A market-oriented adult Caucasian came into a youth-oriented market. These young people were increasingly interested in black culture. In this sense, rock and rol
48、l was indeed ushered in a revolution. However, the revolution was in 1964 when it is about to enter the second decade, and it lost the edge. The mainstream rock leaded the mild rock, pop, surf music for a time, around the rock of the 1960s led to divergent views would be how to develop. This time, American society was in disarray. In this case, the rock which originally belonged to the American made the British break in.3.2.1 The main famous styles in the 1960s There was mainly a
