1、Unit 2 Sailing the oceansPart Two: Teaching ResourcesSection 1: Discourse studies of Sailing the Ocean1. Type of writing and summary of SAILING THE OCEANType expositionSAILING THE OCEANUsing nature to help: Keeping alongside the coastline, using celestial bodies, using wildlife, using the weather, u
2、sing the seaUsing navigational instruments to help: Finding longitude, Finding latitude2A diagram of SAILING THE OCEANSAILING THE OCEANS（An exposition）Using nature to keep alongside coastline Part 1Using navigational instruments to help Part 2Using celestial bodiesUsing wildlifefinding longitudeUnit
3、 2 Sailing the oceansPart Two: Teaching ResourcesSection 3: Words and expressions from Unit 2Sailing the oceansmercy noun (pl. -ies) 1. U a kind or forgiving attitude towards sb that you have the power to harm or right to punish humanity: to ask / beg / plead for mercy They showed no mercy to their
4、hostages. God have mercy on us. The troops are on a mercy mission (= a journey to help people) in the war zone. 2. C, usually sing. (informal) an event or a situation to be grateful for, usually because it stops sth unpleasant: Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt. His death was a mercy (= because h
5、e was in great pain.at the mercy of sb/sth not able to stop sb/sth harming you because they have power or control over you: Im not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank. We were at the mercy of the weather. leave sb/sth to the mercy / mercies of sb/sth to leave sb/sth in a situation that may
6、cause them to suffer or to be treated badly: privatized companies left to the mercy of market forces (humorous) Ill leave you to the tender mercies of these ladies! throw yourself on sbs mercy (formal) to put yourself in a situation where you must rely on sb to be kind to you and not harm or punish
7、youlongside prep. 1. next to or at the side of sth: A police car pulled up alongside us. a lifeboat moored alongside the yacht Much of the land alongside the river is below sea level. 2. together with or at the same time as sth/sb: Traditional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifestyl
8、e. exploration noun C, U 1. the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for sth in it: the exploration of space oil exploration (= searching for oil in the ground)2. an examination of sth in order to find out about it: the books explorations of the human mindaccelerat
9、e verb 1. to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected: v Inflation continues to accelerate. vn Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.2. v (of a vehicle or person) to start to go faster: The runners accelerated smoothly around the bend. The car accelerated to overt
10、ake me.secure adj.HAPPY / CONFIDENT1. feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation: At last they were able to feel secure about the future. She finished the match, secure in the knowledge that she was through to the next round. CERTAIN / SAFE2. likely to continue or be succes
11、sful for a long time; safe: a secure job / income Its not a very secure way to make a living. The future of the company looks secure. 3. (against / from sth) that cannot be affected or harmed by sth: Information must be stored so that it is secure from accidental deletion.BUILDING / DOOR / ROOM4. gu
12、arded and/or made stronger so that it is difficult for people to enter or leave: Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible. a secure unit for child offenders The building is secure against intruders. FIRM5. not likely to move, fall down, etc.; stable: The aerial doesnt lo
13、ok very secure to me. It was difficult to maintain a secure foothold on the ice. (figurative) Our relationship was now on a more secure footing. verbGET STH1. sth (for sb/sth)| sb sth (formal) to obtain or achieve sth, especially when this means using a lot of effort: vn to secure a contract / deal
14、The team managed to secure a place in the finals. She secured 2. 000 votes. The delegation has secured the promise of a ceasefire. vn, vnn He secured a place for himself at law school. He secured himself a place at law school.FASTEN FIRMLY2. vn sth (to sth) to attach or fasten sth firmly: She secure
15、d the rope firmly to the back of the car. The tables on board were secured firmly to the floor.PROTECT FROM HARM3. vn sth (against sth) to protect sth so that it is safe and difficult to attack or damage: to secure a property against intruders The windows were secured with locks and bars. (figurativ
16、e) a savings plan that will secure your childs futureA LOAN4. vn to legally agree to give sb property or goods that are worth the same amount as the money that you have borrowed from them, if you are unable to pay the money back: a loan secured on the houserandomadj. usually before noun done, chosen
17、, etc. without sb deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern: the random killing of innocent people a random sample / selection (= in which each thing has an equal chance of being chosen) The information is processed in a random order. noun at random without deciding
18、 in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern: She opened the book at random (= not at any particular page) and started reading. The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. Names were chosen at random from a list.awkwardadj. 1. making you feel embarrassed: There was an awkwa
19、rd silence. I felt awkward because they obviously wanted to be alone.2. difficult to deal with: Dont ask awkward questions. Youve put me in an awkward position. an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with) Please dont be awkward about letting him come. It makes things awkward for e
20、veryone when you behave like that.3. not convenient, inconvenient: Have I come at an awkward time?4. difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design: This box is very awkward for one person to carry. This tool will reach into awkward corners, such as under kitchen units.5. not moving in an eas
21、y way; not comfortable: He tried to dance, but he was too clumsy and awkward. I must have slept in an awkward positionIm aching all over. referencenounMENTIONING SB / STH1. C, U (to sb/sth) a thing you say or write that mentions sb/sth else; the act of mentioning sb/sth: The book is full of referenc
22、es to growing up in India. She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans. the Presidents passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the warLOOKING FOR INFORMATION2. U the act of looking at sth for information: Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference.
23、I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference (= because it might be useful in the future). The library contains many popular works of reference (= reference books).ASKING FOR ADVICE3. U (to sb/sth) (formal) the act of asking sb for help or advice: The emergency nurse can treat minor injur
24、ies without reference to a doctor.NUMBER / WORD / SYMBOL4. C (abbr. ref.) a number, word or symbol that shows where sth is on a map, or where you can find a piece of information: The map reference is Y4. Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry.FOR NEW JOB5. C a letter written by sb
25、 who knows you, giving information about your character and abilities, especially to a new employer: We will take up references after the interview.6. C a person who agrees to write a reference, for you, for example when you are applying for a job: My previous boss will act as a reference for me.IN
26、BOOK7. C a note in a book that tells you where a particular piece of information comes from: There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.in / with reference to (formal) used to say what you are talking or writing about: With reference to your letter of July 22.verb vn (formal) to refer
27、to sth; to provide a book, etc. with references: Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 2004.precise adj. 1. clear and accurate; exact: precise details / instructions / measurements Can you give a more precise definition of the word? I can be reasonably precise about the time of the inc
28、ident. 2. only before noun used to emphasize that sth happens at a particular time or in a particular way: We were just talking about her when, at that precise moment, she walked in. Doctors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness.3. taking care to be exact and accurate, especia
29、lly about small details: a skilled and precise worker small, precise movements (disapproving) Shes rather prim and precise. to be (more) precise used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just mentioned: The shelf is about a metre longwell, 98cm, to be
30、 precise.simplify verb (simplifies, simplifying, simplified, simplified) vn to make sth easier to do or understand: The application forms have now been simplified. I hope his appointment will simplify matters. a simplified version of the story for young childrenportable adj. that is easy to carry or
31、 to move: a portable TV The equipment is lightweight, portable and easy to store. (figurative) a portable loan / pension (= that can be moved if you change banks, jobs, etc.) portable software noun a small type of machine that is easy to carry, especially a computer or a television: The kids are ups
32、tairs watching the portable (= television).shortcoming noun usually pl. a fault in sbs character, a plan, a system, etc.: She made me aware of my own shortcomings. Despite a number of shortcomings, the project will still go ahead.update verb vn 1. to make sth more modern by adding new parts, etc.: I
33、ts about time we updated our software.2. sb (on sth)| sth to give sb the most recent information about sth; to add the most recent information to sth bring up to date: I called the office to update them on the days developments. Our records are regularly updated. tendency noun (pl. -ies) 1. C (for s
34、b/sth) (to do sth)| (to / towards sth) if sb/sth has a particular tendency, they are likely to behave or act in a particular way: to display artistic, etc. tendencies I have a tendency to talk too much when Im nervous. There is a tendency for this disease to run in families. She has a strong natural
35、 tendency towards caution. This material has a tendency to shrink when washed.2. C (for sb/sth) (to do sth)| (to / towards sth) a new custom that is starting to develop: There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.3. C+sing./pl. v. (BrE) a group within a larger political group,
36、whose views are more extreme than those of the rest of the group: the militant tendencyreliable adj. 1. that can be trusted to do sth well; that you can rely on; dependable: We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working. a reliable friend My cars not as reliable as it used to be.2. tha
37、t is likely to be correct or true: Our information comes from a reliable source. a reliable witness How reliable are the local weather forecasts? These tests are a reliable indicator of future performance. swoop verb v 1. usually +adv. / prep. (of a bird or plane) to fly quickly and suddenly downwar
38、ds, especially in order to attack sb/sth; dive: The aircraft swooped down over the buildings. A hawk swooped low over the field.2. (on sb/sth) (especially of police or soldiers) to visit or attack sb/sth suddenly and without warning: Officers swooped on the vehicles as they left the ferry.noun1. an
39、act of moving suddenly and quickly through the air in a downward direction, as a bird does dive 2. (on sth/sb) an act of arriving somewhere or attacking sth/sb in a way that is sudden and unexpected: Large quantities of drugs were found during a police swoop on the stars New York home. peck verb1. (
40、at sth) (of birds) to move the beak forward quickly and hit or bite sth: v A robin was pecking at crumbs on the ground. Hens pecked around in the yard. vn A bird had pecked a hole in the sack. Vultures had pecked out the dead goats eyes.2. vn sb (on sth) (informal) to kiss sb lightly and quickly: He
41、 pecked her on the cheek as he went out. She pecked his cheek. a / the pecking order (informal, often humorous) the order of importance in relation to one another among the members of a group: New Zealand is at the top of the pecking order of rugby nations. to be first in the pecking order peck at s
42、th to eat only a very small amount of a meal because you are not hungry; pick at: She sat nervously pecking at her food.expedition noun 1. an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known: to plan / lead / go on an expedition to the North Pole 2. the people who go on an expedition: Three members of the Everest expedition were killed.3. (sometimes humorous) a short trip that you make when you want or need sth: a shopping expedition
