1、,Unit 4 Global warming,词汇过关,_ n. 现象2. _ n. 资料; 数据3. _ n. 趋势; 倾向; 走向4. _ n. 种类; 范围,range,phenomenon,data,trend,5. _ n. 生存; 存在6. _ n. 环境; 情况7. _ n. 微波炉; 微波8. _ n. 教育工作者,educator,existence,circumstance,microwave,9. _ n. 污染; 弄脏10. _ vi. 扫视 n. 瞥见11. _ vt. 提倡; 主张12. _ vt. 使恢复; 使振作13. _ adj. 平均的,average,po
2、llution,glance,advocate,refresh,14. _ adj. 电的15. _ adj. 分布广的16. _ adj. 温和的; 温柔的17. _ adj. 核的; 核能的18. _ adj. 胡乱的; 任意的,random,electrical,widespread,mild,nuclear,1. _ n. 消费; 消耗_vt. 消费; 消耗; 耗尽; 吃完_ n. 消费者,(A)单词派生,consumer,consumption,consume,点拨: 类似词还有: assume/assumption。,2. _ n. 订阅; 赞成; 捐助_v. 订阅; 赞成; 捐助
3、_ n. 用户; 订户; 捐助者,subscriber,subscription,subscribe,3. _ vt. 反对; 反抗_ adj. 敌对的; 相反的_ adj. 相反的n. 对立面prep. 在的对面adv. 在对面_ n. 反对; 敌对; 对面,opposition,oppose,opposed,opposite,4. _ adj. 随之发生的; 作为结果的_ n. 结果; 后果; 影响_ adv. 所以; 因此; 结果,consequently,consequence,consequent,5. _vt. 陈述; 说明_n. 陈述; 声明,statement,state,点拨
4、: 加-ment变成名词的词汇很多, 类似的词还有：manage/management, arrange/ arrangement, agree/agreement, amuse/ amusement等。,6. _ adv. 平稳地; 持续地_adj. 平稳的; 持续的; 稳固的_ n. 稳健; 稳定; 平稳,steadiness,steadily,steady,7. _vi. 趋向; 照顾 vt.照顾_ n. 倾向; 趋势; 癖好8. _ adj. 随便的; 偶然的_ adv. 随便地; 漫不经心地,tendency,casually,casual,tend,9. _ n. 贡献_ vt.
5、贡献; 出力; 投稿_ n. 贡献者; 投稿者,contributor,contribute,contribution,10. _vt. 呈现; 赠送n. 礼物; 现在_n. 描述; 介绍; 赠送_n. 提出者; 赠送者_adj. 出席的; 在场的; 现在的_n. 出席; 参加; 在场,presence,present,presentation,presenter,present,_大量的2. _发生; 造成3. _同意; 赞成; 订购4. _上升; 增长; 升起,go up,quantities of,come about,subscribe to,5. _导致6. _反对7. _即使8.
6、_ 继续,keep on,result in,be opposed to,even if,9. _大体上; 基本上10. _代表一方11. _忍受; 容忍12. _ 只要13. _等等,and so on,on the whole,on behalf of,put up with,so/as long as,1. Hambley states, “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.” 汉布利实际上是这样说的: “二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。”(B6 P27),in a.state/in a state of.处于状态 It
7、is stated that=It is said that. 据说,运用 用适当的词填空或根据提示完成下列句子。 The writer stated his views in his latest book, and some of the _ (state) are of great value.,statements, _ (据说)that more than thirty people were killed in that accident. He was _ (健康状况不佳).,in a poor state of health,It is stated that,2. Plant
8、 trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them. 在你的花园或校园里栽种树木, 它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳, 还能在你观赏的时候使你感到清爽。(B6 P30),拓展,运用 用refresh的适当形式填空。 He felt _after a _ bath. 解析：前空作表语用形容词, 表示“振作的”; 后空作定语用形容词, 表示“使人振作的”。 Love is the greates
9、t _in life. 解析：“在“the+adj.”后接名词, 句意: “爱情是生活最好的提神剂。”,refreshed,refreshing,refreshment,3. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。(B6 P26),注意 可接不可数名词或可数名词复数。,运用 用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。 A large quantity of air-conditioners _ (
10、have) been sold since the temperature is high.,has, Large quantities of information _ (have) been collected. It is cheaper to buy goods _ quantity.,in,have,4. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中, 从而引起全球温度上升。(
11、B6 P26),运用 用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。 When I am tired, I tend _ (make) mistakes. His view tends _ours.,to,to make,5. On the other hand, there are those， like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. 在另一方面, 还有一些人, 像科学家乔治汉
12、布利, 反对上面的观点, 他们认为我们不必担心空气中含有高含量的二氧化碳。(B6 P27),oppose (doing) sth. 反对(强调动作) be opposed to 反对(强调状态),运用 用所给词的适当形式填空或根据提示完成句子。 People who are in favor of peace are _(oppose) to nuclear weapon.,opposed, Many residents in Guangzhou oppose _(tear) down the old buildings which are cultural relics. 我反对醉驾。 I
13、_ while drunk.,am opposed to driving/oppose driving,tearing,6. It will encourage a greater range of animals all of which will make life for human beings better. 它还会促进动物的生长所有这些都能改善人类的生活。(B6 P27),运用 用适当的词填空或根据提示完成句子。 He has a wide range of interests, _ (range) from chess _ canoeing.,to,ranging, Their
14、ages range _25 to 50. 边界从北部山地一直延伸到南部海岸。 The frontier _from the northern hills _ the southern coast.,to,from,ranges,7. Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. 把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。(B6 P30),in/under the circumstances 在此种情况下 in/under no circumstances决不; 无论如何都不,
15、用法 意为“环境、情况”时, 多用复数形式。,运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 在这种情况下, 最好别告诉他事故的情况。_, it is better not to tell him about the accident. 你无论如何都不要借钱给他。 _you lend him money.,（部分倒装）,In/Under the circumstances,In/Under no circumstances do,8. So how has this come about and does it matter? 那么, 这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？(B6 P26)用法 此
16、短语通常与how连用。例句 How did the accident come about? 这个事故是怎样发生的?,拓展 填入适当的词完成下列短语。 come _(偶然)遇见(或发现) come _出身于; 来自 come _ 出版; 发行; 结果是 come _来到; 共计; 达到 come _ 变成现实; 成为事实,true,across,from,out,to,9. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carb
17、on dioxide. 他们还赞同下述观点, 正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。(B6 P26),说明 表示“导致”的词组还有: bring about, lead to, give rise to等。,运用 填入一个适当的词。 Many illnesses result _ lack of exercise. Lack of exercise results _ many illnesses.,in,from,10. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gase
18、s, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其它温室气体的数量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内, 气候仍会持续转暖。(B6 P27),keep doing sth. 不停地/不间断地做某事,说明 keep on doing sth.可能有间断, 强调“反复”和“决心”, 而且常常附加感情色彩； 与sitting, standing, lying, sleeping等静态的动词连用时, 只能用keep doing。,运用 用keep或keep on的适当形式填空。 Whatever
19、happens, _trying. Dont _asking me such silly questions.,keep on,keep on, She was very tired, but she _ working. I _standing under the burning sun for a long time that day.,kept,kept on,11. I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. 我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。(B6 P30),用法 也可以表达为on one
20、s behalf。,on behalf of 代表一方; 作为的代言人,运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 我谨代表全家感谢大家。 I would like to thank all of you _ _. 史密斯先生不能来, 因此他的妻子代他领奖。 Mr. Smith cannot come here, so his wife will accept the prize _.,on behalf of all my family,on his behalf,句型积累,1. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Grap
21、h 1)and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫无疑问, 全球正在变暖, 而全球变暖是人为的, 并不是随意的自然现象。(B6 P26),句型 There is no doubt that. 毫无疑问,仿写 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子。 毫无疑问, 庆祝圣诞节活动是一种了解西方文化的好方式。 _the celebration for Christmas is a good way of learning abou
22、t western cultures.,There is no doubt that, 毫无疑问, 过多的电脑游戏会对学生的健康有不良影响。 _that too many computer games can _ _on students health.,have a bad effect /influence/impact,There is no doubt, 毫无疑问, 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。 _ acting before thinking always _failure.,results in,There is no doubt that,2. Some byproducts of
23、 this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. 这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体, 其中最重要的是二氧化碳。(B6 P26),句型 the + 最高级+ one of+ which/who is. 其中最的是,仿写 将下列句子译成英文。 这里有很多的动画片, 其中最受欢迎的是喜羊羊与灰太狼。 Here are many cartoons, _ _ is Happy Sheep and Gray Wolf.,the most popular o
24、ne of which, 我有三个姐姐，其中最年轻的三年前去了美国。 I have three sisters, _ _went to USA three years ago.,the youngest one of whom, 应采取有效措施防止生存环境进一步恶化, 其中最重要的措施之一就是限制过多的私家车的使用。 Some effective measures should be taken to keep our living environment from getting worse, _ _is to limit the use of private cars.,the most
25、important one of which,二、难句分析 There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer but there is fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming or whether it is just a natural phenomenon. 毫无疑问, 地球正在变暖。但是全球变暖的原因是人为的呢还是仅仅是一种自然现象呢？对于这个问题存在着激烈的争论。(B6 P26) 结构分析: but把两个t
26、here be句型连接起来; 前一个分句中, doubt后面的that引导的是同位语从句；whether.和or whether.是介词over的 _从句; it is human activity that has caused this global warming是一个_句, 强调human activity。,强调,宾语,课文回顾,The Earths surface temperature has risen by about one degree Fahrenheit today. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming 1 _(w
27、arm). But how has this come about and does it matter?,解析：1. 此处是一个隐形比较级。,warmer,People have fierce debates about whether 2 _is human activity that has caused this global warming, 3 _ (compare) with most of the natural changes.,解析：2. 强调句式it is .that .。 解析：3. 搭配：compared with 和比起来。,it,compared,Many sci
28、entists 4 _Dr. Janice Foster believe that people have caused the increase in the earths temperature 5 _ burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.,解析：4. 介词, 表示举例, “像”。 解析：5. 介词, 表示“通过”。,like,by,Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most import
29、ant one of 6 _is carbon dioxide. The increased amount of carbon dioxide means that more heat energy 7 _ (trap) in the atmosphere 8 _ (cause) the global temperature to go up.,解析：6. 引导一个非限定性定语从句, 先行词是greenhouse gases。 解析：7. 谓语动词的被动语态。 解析：8. 非谓语动词作结果状语。,which,is trapped,causing,On the other hand, some
30、scientists predict that any warming will be mild with few bad 9 _(environment) consequences. Anyhow, even if we start reducing 10 _ amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.,解析：9. 作定语用形容词。 解析：10. 此处的amount of carbon dioxide
31、前面已经提到过, 故用冠词。,environmental,the,About the global warming, all scientists agree that it has been caused by human activity. Some think it will benefit humans while others predict its a disaster.,走近高考,一、完形填空 2009浙江The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone, and near its end, all the young peop
32、le in our group began to reflect on what it had meant. We 1 the first night we had arrived. We had all gone into the markets of the city so that the young people could experience its energy.,1. A. spent B. returned C. recalled D. killed 1.我们“回想”一下我们到达的第一个晚上, 由后面的宾语可知。,But what we actually saw simply
33、 2 us all the rundown houses, the children in rags, the people begging for money.,2. A. puzzled B. annoyedC. Embarrassed D. shocked 解析：2.按照常理城市本该是繁华的景象, 但后面却提到了倒塌的房屋, 衣衫褴褛的孩子们, 乞讨的人们, 这是人们始料不及的, 所以选shock(震惊)。,Walking home, 3 under a low bridge, we came across 4 families of homeless people seeking a
34、bit of dry ground to sleep on for the night.,3. A. marching B. runningC. Passing D. moving 3.前有walking home, 由under a low bridge可知是从很低的桥下“经过, 通过”, 选C。 4. A. entire B. normalC. average D. general 4.作者见到的是无家可归的“整个一家人”, 选A。,We had to step over bodies as we found our way through the darkness.The poverty
35、(贫困)was 5 than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many 6 and cried.,5. A. stronger B. deeper C. worse D. less 5.此处的关键是than, 句意: 比我们年轻的同伴想象的要更糟糕, 选C。 6. A. gave up B. broke downC. set off D. held on 6.从后面的and cried可知。break down
36、 “(身体, 精神)垮了”。,Spending time in this 7 moves a person to care about humanity.That evening, our group spent hours talking about what we had 8 .,7. A. environment B. hotelC. house D. background 7.上句an air of sadness中 air 就有“气氛, 环境”的含义, 选A符合语境。 8. A. inspected B. attemptedC. witnessed D. challenged 8.此
37、处意思是大家在讨论白天的所见所闻, 所以选witness“见证, 目睹”。,Gently, I encouraged everyone to talk about the difficult 9 that days discoveries had inspired. Sitting together in a circle as everyone had a 10 to speak, we all began to realize that none of us was alone in our struggle to cope with our reactions.,9. A. feelin
38、gs B. decisionsC. thoughts D. impressions 9.我鼓励大家讨论被激发的内心的感受, 选A符合题意。10. A. desire B. way C. time D. chance 10.D大家坐成一个圆圈，这样大家都有说话的机会。,Based on my 11 in poverty-stricken areas, I suggested that while the emotions we had were 12 , they could also be important in helping us to move forward.,11. A. expe
39、riences B. schedulesC. data D. position 11.他有在贫穷地区的“经历”, 选A。 12. A. wonderful B. dutiful C. painful D. careful 12.C尽管我们的心里是痛苦的, 但能帮助我们前进。,We all 13 that we had seen things that should never be allowed to happen. Now, what could we do about it? Together, we began to brainstorm ways we could help to e
40、ase the 14 we had seen.,13. A. supposed B. advisedC. confirmed D. agreed 13.大家围成圈一直在讨论在交流，所以最后大家达成共识, 故选D。 14. A. burden B. sufferingC. anxiety D. difficulty 14.文中讲城市的部分人过得不好, 所以选suffering符合句意。,As I encouraged group members to focus on what they could do, a sense of determination 15 the previous sad
41、ness. Instead of despair, these young people began to feel a call to action.,15. A. replaced B. changedC. covered D. improved 15.此句意：大家有了做事的决心, 先前的悲伤与沮丧也就随之被替代了。,reflect 反思 ease 减缓 previous 先前的 brainstorm 集体献计 eye-opening 开眼界的 poverty-stricken 贫穷的 settle over 降落 cope with对付,助读词汇,(2009江门一模) At the Ky
42、oto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became much clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce giving off c
43、ertain substances.,The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in giving off harmful substances to the ozone la
44、yer(臭氧层).,These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.,Although the threat of global warming has bee
45、n known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially tough measures taken in some countries, would be of no use if other countries do not control their giving off. Whereas the UN team on clim
46、ate change has found that the carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60%.,This path does not work for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Many developing countries are not yet willing to control their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century.,
