1、,选修 6,语法：it 的用法,The use of “It”,1. It 用作人称代词:,2. It 用作非人称代词:,3. It 用作形式主语或形式宾语:,形式主语:,形式宾语:,4. It 用在强调句中：,一It 用作人称代词 指前面已提到过的人/动物/物品/事,在句中做主语或宾语. He has a baby ; he love it very much . My uncle has a dog ; he has had it for five months. Well, you mustnt play on the road.Its dangerous！,1.(2011福建)We h
2、ave various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose_ based on your own interests. either B. each C. one D. it 2. (2007辽宁)The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _in the newspaper. A. it B. those C. one D. that 3.（2009四川）I like this house with a beautiful garden in f
3、ront, but I dont have enough money to buy_. A. one B. it C. this D. that 4.12浙江Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonald s. A. those B. ones C. any D. all,考点：比较 it, that, one, those, ones,a summer camp,the information,the house,the items,指代上文提过的事物时： it指的是同名同物，
4、相当于the+名词 one泛指，同名异物，表示单数可数名词，相当于a+名词，复数形式用ones that后面常有后置定语，有特指意义，代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，相当于the+名词，复数名词用those，相当于the ones.,二It 用作非人称代词:It 用作非人称代词,常作主语,表示时间/日期/距离/天气/温度/环境等.Its a long time since we meet last time.Its raining when I left the office. Its 12 degrees centigrade.,三 “It” 作形式主语和形式宾语, 作形式主语, 代替由不定式
5、、动名词或从句表示的真正的主语。 1) It + be + adj. / n. + ( for / of sb.) to do sth. 学案上7,8,此结构中, 当形容词是表示不定式逻辑主语的特征或属性 (如: wise, bright, kind, nice, foolish等)时, 介词用of, 形容词是说明不定式短语 (如: important, possible, necessary, strange等) 时, 介词要用for. 翻译： 1.对你来说在一天之内完成如此多工作是不可能的。 2.她在这样的衣服上浪费钱真是太傻了。,It was foolish of her to wast
6、e money on such clothes.,It is impossible for you to finish so much work in a day.,2) It + be + adj. / n. + 从句. 1 e.g. It is certain that Tom will do well in the exam.,3) It + be + adj. /意义相当于形容词的名词词组 +动名词. useless,no use,no good 12e.g. _ The holes are much too big. 试图修好这艘船是没用的，窟窿这么大。,做-是没用的/没有益处的,I
7、ts no use trying to repair the ship.,4)It+takes + sb.+ some time + to do sth. 9It+costs + sb.+ some money +to do sth 10,5) It + be + said / reported/ told等+that-clause. 2 据说/报道-e.g. 据说，他吸毒上瘾了。 _ It was ordered that the wounded soldier _to the hospital at once.(send),联系记忆：spend, pay, buy的几种句式,It is s
8、aid that he is addicted to taking drugs.,be sent,6) It + vt. + (sb.) + that-clause. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. It + vi. + that-clause.It happened that I went out shopping. It seems that he is learning Russian. 翻译：他来不来都没关系。,It does not matter whether he will come or not.,Not
9、es: it做形式主语所构成的某些惯用句形是高考的常考点. It looks as if, It does not matter; It seems that/as if; It appears that, It happened that.; It makes no difference 翻译：你去不去对我都一样没区别.,It make no difference to me whether you will go or not.,It seems that Peter is not coming. That Peter is not coming seems. Peter doesnt s
10、eem to be coming. It happened that I was the only witness. I happened to be the only witness. sb seem/happen to be/have done,如何转换？,几大句式： 1. It is time for sb.to do sth It is time/about time/high time that sb did-/should do-到了干-的时候了 3 2.It is the first(序数词) time that sb has/have done 4 It was the fir
11、st(序数词) time that sb had done 是某人第几次做某事 3.It is/has been some time since从句. 从句用一般过去时,“自从-到现在多久了“ 4.It was/will be some time before-（过去时或一般现在时）“过了/要过多长时间才-“,5.It is a pity/a shame / an honour / a good thing / a fact / a surprise / that-该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should +动词原形），should可省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意
12、义时，则不用虚拟语气。 5 6. Its up to sbto do sth 11干-由某人决定 7.How did it come about that 从句 意为“怎么发生的”,1.到了我们打扫卫生的时间了。2.这是她第二次参观长城。3.过了五年他们才最终从北京大学毕业。4.自从他完成工作到现在已经三年了。,It is time that we should clean /cleaned the house.,It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall.,It was five years before they fi
13、nally graduated from Beijing University.,It is/has been three years since he finished the work.,练一练,5.怎么会发生这样的事：如此多的人被袭击？6.做不做这份工作由你决定。7.这种事情竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！,How did it come about that so many people were attacked?,It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not,It is a pity that such a thin
14、g（should）happen in your class,延伸训练：用不同的句式写句子 他没有通过考试，使我很失望。 1.and连接两个并列句 2.非限制性定语从句 3.结果状语 4.主语从句 5.it用作形式主语 6.提示：使我失望的是他没有通过考试。 （1）主语从句，表语从句 （2）to ones +n. 7.动名词复合结构做主语,fail in the examdisappointed,2. 作形式宾语, 代替由不定式、动词的ing形式或从句表示的真正宾语。 1) S. + vt. + it + adj./n. +(for sb.) to do sth. + doing sth. +
15、that-clause.I think it important for us to keep calm I make it a rule that I read English every morning,think/consider/find/feel/make/believe/regard,I consider it no good _ _ _ through the Internet.,chatting with strangers,think/consider/find/feel it no good/use doing sth,试一试： 1.我发现学好英语很难。2.大雪使准时到达飞
16、机场成为不可能。3.我感觉好好照顾我的小妹妹们是我的职责。,I find it difficult to learn English well.,The heavy snow made it impossible to arrive at the airport on time.,I feel my duty to take good care of my younger sisters.,I feel it my duty that I should take good care of my younger sisters.,（2）用于“主语+及物动词+宾语”句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直
17、接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。 （语法学案） appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make（按时到达，成功），have（表明，坚持说），take（认为，猜想），hide（隐瞒），publish（公布），put（表达，写出来）等。 answer for（承担的后果），count on（期待），depend on（依靠），insist on（坚持主张，坚决要求），see to（确保）等。,Id appreciate it if you turned down the radio. 如果.我将非常感谢 I hate it whe
18、n people speak with their mouths full. (hate/dislike/love/like it when从句:表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶。) You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab. 确保 You can depend on it that we wont give up. 依赖，相信 I answer for it that she is an honest girl. 保证,例句要求记住,四It 用于强调句型,要点点拔,用于强调句型，即“It is/was
19、被强调部分 that/who+其它”句型之中。使用该句型有以下几点请注意： 强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数，例如： It was yesterday that I met your father in the street,不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接， 不得使用where、when等连词，例如： It was in the street that I met your father yesterday,被强调部分为人时，可用who代替that，用that也行，例如：1) It was your father that /who I met in the street ye
20、sterday2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday,要点点拔,强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和 否定转移的问题，例如： 1) It is they who are our friends 2) It was not until ten oclock that we got home last night,注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is / wasthat为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。 比较：1) It was ten oclock whe
21、n we got home last night我们昨晚到家时已十点了。 2) It was at ten oclock that we got home last night我们昨晚是在十点到家的。,要点点拔,第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten oclock last night”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when。, It is / was not until-that- 翻译：直到那时我才意识到我的错误。,It was not until then that I realize
22、d my mistakes.,强调句型的基本结构为： It is / was +被强调部分+that / who +其他成分 强调句型的一般疑问句： Is / was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他成分？ 强调句型的特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+ is / was it + that + 其他成分？ -“How was _ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” -“Totally by chance.” A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which I really
23、dont know _ _ _ that he went to bed. 我真的不知道他是在什么时间上床睡觉的。,when it was,注意：强调句型与其它从句相结合 Was it _ he was playing volleyball on the playground _ he got hurt?A. that； when B. when； thatC. that； where D. where； thatI cant find Xiao Ping, where did you see him this morning?It was in the library_ he studiedA
24、that Bwhere Cwhich Dthe one,1.He failed in the exam and I was disappointed. 2.He failed in the exam, which made me diappointed. 3.He failed in the exam,making me disappointed. 4.That he failed in the exam made me disappointed. 5.It made me disappointed that he failed in the exam. 6.(1)What made me d
25、isappointed was that he failed in the exam. (2)To my disappointment, he failed in the exam. 7.His failing in the exam made me disappointed.,带it的一些固定词组 1.I ve got it. 懂了明白了 2.forget it. 算了吧/别在意/没关系。 3.take it easy别着急,慢慢来,别过于紧张 4.make it 办得到, 做成功 5.make it把某事定在某时 6.It/That all depends. 那要看情况而定。 7.It cant be helped.没有办法/这是不可避免的 8.It is hard to say. 情况很难说。,9.It comes to nothing. 没有什么结果。 10.Dont mention it. 不用谢。 11.Thats it. 对了,正是。 12.Catch it(口语)被责骂,受处罚 13.Believe it or not.信不信由你。 14.It doesnt matter.没有关系,不要紧15.When it comes to 当谈到,当涉及 16.Keep it up. 再接再厉。,
