1、 每天发布最有价值的高考资源1 / 9Unit 3 Period Two Learning about Language 学案（新人教版必修 5）过去分词作状语和定语1过去分词作定语单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语修饰名词，一般都放在所修饰的名词之后，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。I have his written promise.我有他的书面承诺。Those are finished products.那些是成品。He is a man loved by all.他是个深受群众爱戴的人。2过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，表明原因、时间、条件等。(1)
2、作原因状语Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.(2)作时间状语Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a gard
3、en.(3)作条件状语Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴随状语The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and was followed by some students.注意：分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。H
4、er grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.3非谓语动词作定语的区别(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途。a writing table a table for writing 写字台(2)现在分词一般式的主动语态作定语表示所修饰的人或物正在进行的动作( 若为动作动词)，相当于进行时的主动语态的定语从句，或表示所修饰的人或物经常存在的一种状态(若为状态动词)，相当于一般时态的定语从句。The boy playing the piano(The boy who is playing the piano)
5、is my nephew.正在弹钢琴的那个男孩是我的侄子。The building standing in the center(The building which stands in the center) is an experiment building.坐落在中心的楼房是实验楼。(3)现在分词一般式的被动语态作定语表示所修饰的人或物被动的正在进行的行为，相当于进行时的被动语态的定语从句。The building being painted(The building which is being painted) will be our teaching building.正在被粉刷的
6、楼房将是我们的教学楼。(4)不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示已经完成的行为，相当于完成时的主动语态的定语从句。fallen leaves( leaves which have fallen) 落叶developed countries(countries which have developed) 发达国家(5)及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动的发生过的行为，相当于一般时的被动语态的每天发布最有价值的高考资源2 / 9定语从句。a building built last year(a building which was built last year) 去年所建的楼房(6)不定式作定语表示还未
7、发生的行为，相当于将来时态的定语从句。不定式作定语的常见类型有：Sb. has sth.to do (do sth.的动作执行者是句中主语时用 )；Sb.has sth.to be done.(do sth.的动作执行者不是句中主语，而是说话人时用)。I have a composition to write.我有一篇作文要写。 (write a composition 的执行者是句中主语 I)Im going to Tibet.Do you have anything to be taken there for your husband？我准备去西藏。你有没有要为你丈夫带到那儿去的东西？(t
8、ake anything 的动作执行者是说话人 I)4非谓语动词作状语的区别(1)不定式常作目的状语和结果状语：表情感的形容词(如 glad，pleased，delighted，surprised 等) 后可接不定式作原因状语。作表语和宾语补足语的形容词或“形容词名词”后常可接不定式作状语，要注意此结构中常用不定式的主动语态表被动含义，而且不定式与句中主语(形容词或“形容词名词”作句中表语时)或宾语 (形容词或形容词加名词作宾补时 )有逻辑上的动宾关系。所以，不定式后不能再出现宾语，在必要时还须加上适当的介词才能与句中主语或宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。但在 too.to 结构和 enough t
9、o 结构中，形容词后的不定式主动和被动结构都可以使用。The professor was surprised to see some country people seated at the back of the classroom.看到一些乡下人坐在教室后边教授很吃惊。English grammar is difficult to learn.英语语法很难学。Radioactive matter is dangerous to work with.放射性物质操作起来很危险。Some of the stars are too far away to see(to be seen)一些星星太遥
10、远了看不见。I find my companion hard to deal with.我发现我的同事很难相处。(2)现在分词和过去分词在句中可作伴随、方式、时间、条件、原因、让步等状语。作原因状语时，分词和不定式的区别是：不定式只表示引起某种情感的原因，常接在表情感的形容词后；而分词陈述的是干某事的原因。We were shocked to see the boy was so badly treated.看到那男孩被如此虐待，我们很震惊。Not knowing what to do，I turned to him for advice.因为不知道该怎么办，我向他求教。.单项填空1Lucy
11、s new job paid twice as much as she had made_in the restaurant. Aworking Bwork C to work Dworked答案 A解析 “working in the restaurant”为现在分词短语在句中作状语。2Ideally _ between Broadway Theatres and Fifth Avenue，the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.Alocating Bbeing locatedChaving been located D
12、located答案 D解析 locate 与 the New York Park hotel 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故 locate 须用过去分词。该题中为过去分词短语作原因状语。3_by a greater demand for vegetables，farmers have built more greenhouses.ADriven BBeing drivenCTo drive DHaving driven答案 A解析 本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：受对于蔬菜的更大量需求的驱使，农民们建了更多的暖棚。空格处为句子的状语，其逻辑主语为 farmers，与 drive 之间存在被动关系，故用
13、被动形式。4_into use in April 2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.APut BPuttingCHaving put DBeing put答案 A解析 the hotline 与 put 之间存在着被动关系，所以选 A。5We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs，_that all children like these things.Athinking
14、 Bthink Cto think Dthought答案 A解析 we 和 think 之间存在着主谓关系，所以用现在分词 thinking。6_with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.AFaced BFace CFacing DTo face答案 A解析 句意为：由于面临这么多的困难，我们没能准时完成任务。sb.be faced with sth.某人面对某事。7_in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the
15、 cheque in the car.AWaiting BTo waitCHaving waited DTo have waited答案 C解析 逗号前的部分是时间状语，不定式一般不作时间状语，首先排除 B、D 两项；wait 的动作在 realize 之前，故用分词的完成式。8Dont sit there_nothing.Come and help me with this table.Ado Bto doCdoing Dand doing答案 C解析 句意为：不要坐在那里什么都不做，过来帮我摆桌子。doing nothing 作伴随状语修饰谓语动词 sit those。9No matter
16、 how frequently_，the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.Aperformed BperformingCto be performed Dbeing performed答案 A解析 perform 和 the works 之间存在着动宾关系，故用 performed 表示被动；no matter how frequently performedno matter how the works are frequently performed。10_more attention，the trees
17、 could have grown better.AGiven BTo giveCGiving DHaving given答案 A解析 句意为：如果给予更多的照料的话，这些树会长得更好。give 和 tree 之间存在着动宾关系，故选 A 项。11_ to reach them on the phone，we sent an email instead.每天发布最有价值的高考资源4 / 9AFail BFailedCTo fail DHaving failed答案 D解析 考查非谓语动词作状语，与主语构成主谓关系。12_by the beauty of nature，the girl from
18、 London decided to spend another two days on the farm.AAttracting BAttractedCTo be attracted DHaving attracted答案 B解析 attract 和 the girl 之间存在着动宾关系，故选 B 项。13Once lost ，_.Ait is difficult to get such a chance againBone can never get such a chanceCsuch a chance will never come againDto get such a chance
19、 will be difficult答案 C解析 once lost 原句应该为 once the chance is lost，其余答案的主语用在这儿都不合适，故选 C 项。14With the door_on，the thiefs heart_faster.Aknocked；beat B being knocked；beatCbeing knocked；hit Dbeat；hit答案 B解析 句意为：由于有人正在敲门，这个贼的心脏跳得更快了。 “有人正在敲门”可用with the door being knocked 来表达， being knocked 表示动作正在进行。15Genera
20、lly speaking，_according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.Awhen Bwhen takenCwhen to take Dwhen to be taken答案 B解析 when takenwhen the drug is taken ，故选 B 项。16The policeman put down the phone，_with a smile on his face.Asatisfied BsatisfyingCto be satisfied Dhaving satisfied答案 A解析 句意为：那个警察放下
21、电话，脸上露出满意的微笑。satisfied 满意的；satisfying令人满意的。17_，your composition is full of mistakes.AWriting carelessly BWritten carelesslyCHaving written carelessly DBeing written carelessly答案 B解析 句意为：由于写得很粗心，你的作文里有很多错误。write 和 composition 之间存在着动宾关系，故选 B 项。18He stood on the roof for a while and then_down.Ajumping
22、Bto jumpCjumped Dwas jumping答案 C解析 jumped 和 stood 是并列谓语动词，故选 C 项。19_such a chance ， why dont you have a try?ATo BHavingCGiven DGiving答案 C解析 句意为：给你了这么好的机会，你干吗不试试？give 和 you 之间存在着动宾关系，故选 C 项。20The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_in the natural light during the day.
23、Ato let BlettingClet Dhaving let答案 B解析 句意为：在入口处玻璃门已取代了木头门，在白天能让自然光进来。空白处在句中作状语，let 与句子的主语之间是主谓关系，且动作是同时发生的，故用现在分词形式。.判断下列句子的正误，若有错误，请予以纠正1Having been told many times，but he still couldnt understand. 去掉 but2He is a League member，he takes the lead in everything. 在句首加 As 或在 he 前加so3.Money permits,I wil
24、l travel around the whole globe. 在 money 前加 If 或permits permitting4There being no buses，we had to take a taxi.5Being fine，we went to Mount Tai for a spring outing.在句首加 It 或 Weather6.The husband stood there dumbfounded（目瞪口呆）,his eyes fixing upon his wife. fixing fixed7The woodcutter was still cutting
25、 up wood，with masses of firewood in front of him.8.With the problem settling,I felt relaxed. settlingsettled9The elderly man was telling a fairy tale(神话故事)，with a lot of kids listening attentively.10In the east of Asia lies China，with its capital Beijing.阅读理解AOscarwinning actor Morgan Freeman is in
26、a hospital in Memphis，Tennessee，on Monday after being seriously injured in a car accident near his home in Mississippi.Medical Center spokeswoman Kathy Stringer said Freeman,71，is seriously injured.The hospital is about 90 miles north of the accident scene.Mississippi Highway Patrol spokesman Sgt.Be
27、n William said Freeman was driving a 1997 Nissan Maxima which belongs to Demaris Meyer of Memphis when the car left the highway and flipped(翻滚)several times shortly before midnight Sunday.“They hadnt drunk alcohol or taken drugs， ”William said.He said both Freeman and Meyer were wearing seat belts.I
28、t hasnt been told whether the woman was seriously injured or not.Freeman was sent to the hospital in Tennessee by air.Clay McFerrin，editor of the Sun Sentinel in Charleston，said he arrived at the accident scene on Mississippi Highway 32 soon after it happened about 5 miles west of Charleston，not far
29、 from where Freeman owns a home with his wife.“They had to use tools to extract him from the vehicle， ”McFerrin said.“He was conscious(神志清醒的)He was talking and joking with some of the rescue workers.He also talked with the bystanders on the scene who tried to have a look at the actor.”Freeman won an
30、 Oscar for his role in Million Dollar Baby.He was born in Memphis，Tennessee ，but spent much of his childhood in the Mississippi Delta.He is a coowner of the Ground Zero Blues Club in Clarksdale.1Whats the best title for this passage?AActor Morgan Freeman breaks the traffic lawBActor Morgan Freeman i
31、s injured in a car accidentCActor Morgan Freeman gets luckyDActor Morgan Freeman is in trouble答案 B解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，可知本文是关于演员 Morgan Freeman 在车祸中受伤的每天发布最有价值的高考资源6 / 9新闻报道，故选 B 作文章的标题最好。2Which of the following statements about Morgan Freeman is NOT true?AHe was born in the 1930s.BHe now lives in Tennesse
32、e.CHe has won an Oscar.DHe spent much of his childhood in Mississippi.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“.after being seriously injured in a car accident near his home in Mississippi.”可知 Morgan Freeman 现在住在密西西比州。3According to the passage，when the car accident happened，_.AMorgan Freeman was very drunkBMorgan Freema
33、n was putting on a seat beltCit was almost midnightDMorgan Freeman s wife was talking on the cellphone答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的“.when the car left the highway and flipped(翻滚)several times shortly before midnight Sunday.”可知车祸发生时就快凌晨十二点了。4What does the underlined word “extract” in the second last paragraph
34、mean?AGo through. BPull out.CBring back. DLeave out.答案 B解析 词义猜测题。根据“They had to use tools”的语境可知营救人员需要借助工具才能把 Morgan Freeman 从车里拖出来。5We can learn from the passage that_.AMorgan Freeman often drives after drinkingBMorgan Freemans wife was more seriously injured than himCMorgan Freeman didnt seem to wo
35、rry about his injury very muchDthe bystanders helped take Morgan Freeman to hospital答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“He was talking and joking with some of the rescue workers.”可知 Morgan Freeman 还和前来营救他的人员开玩笑，可知他看起来并不是很为自己的伤势担心。BYoung adult filmmakers all hope to show their works in international festivals like
36、 Sundance and Toronto.But what about really young filmmakers who arent in film school yet and arent，strictly speaking，even adults?They are at the heart of Wingspan Arts Kids Film Festival，tomorrow，in a setting any director might envy：Lincoln Center.Complete with “red carpet” interviews and various a
37、wards，the festival has much in common with events for more experienced moviemakers，except for the age of the participants：about 8 to 18.“Whats really exciting is that its film for kids by kids， ” said Cori Gardner，managing director of Wingspan Arts，a nonprofit organization offering youth arts progra
38、ms in the New York area.This year the festival will include films not only from Wingspan but also from other city organizations and one from a middle school in Arlington，Virginia.“We want to make this a national event， ” Ms.Gardner added.The nine shorts to be shown range from a Claymation biography
39、of BB.King to a science fiction adventure set in the year 3005.“A lot of the material is really mature， ” Ms.Gardner said，talking about films by the New York City branch of Global Action Project，a media arts and leadershiptraining group.“The Choice is about the history of a family and Master AntiSmo
40、ker is about the dangers of secondhand smoke.Dream of the Invisibles describes young immigrants (移民) feelings of both belonging and not belonging in their adopted country.”The festival will end with an open reception at which other films will be shown.These include a music video and a fulllength fil
41、m whose title is Pressures.6Wingspan Arts Kids Film Festival_.Ais organized by a middle schoolBis as famous as the Toronto FestivalCshows films made by childrenDoffers awards to film school students答案 C解析 由第三段第一句内容可知。7Which of the following is true of Wingspan Arts?AIt helps young filmmakers to make
42、 money.BIt provides arts projects for young people.CIts a media arts and leadershiptraining group.DIts a national organization for young people.答案 B解析 由第三段第一句中“Wingspan Arts，a nonprofit organization offering youth arts programs.”可知，B 项为正确答案。8The underlined word “shorts” in Paragraph 4 refers to_.Ash
43、ort trousers Bshort kidsCshort films Dshort stories答案 C解析 全文讲述由孩子们拍摄的电影的事情，故此处 shorts 为“短的影片”之意。9Movies to be shown in the festival_.A cover different subjectsBfocus on kids lifeCare produced by Global Action ProjectDare directed by Ms.Gardner答案 A解析 由第四段内容可知，电影节上展示的影片“range from a.to a science fiction adventure.”，故 A 项为正确答案。10At the end of this film festival，there will be_.Avarious awards B “red carpet” interviewsCan open reception Da concert at Lincoln Center答案 C解析 由最后一段第一句可知。 每天发布最有价值的高考资源8 /
