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新版步步为“赢”导学案(含中考真题)人教版英语Unit 3 Section A 导学案.doc

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1、UNIT3 Teenagers should be allowedto choose their own clothes.一、学习目标学会使用 should be allowed to 句型谈论允许或不允许做的事情。学会针对允许或不允许做的事情发表自己的观点,叙述同意或不同意的理由。二、知识概览图类别 课程标准要求掌握的内容必备单词名词:teenager,sixteen-year-olds,decision,present,experience,member,point 动词:allow,stop,wear,seem,look,need,disagree,fail,volunteer,succ

2、eed,reply,achieve,teach 形容词: silly,part-time,enough,sleepy常考短语be strict with,be good for,get noisy, 1earn sth. from sb.,have an opportunity to dosth.,at least,once a week,reply to,instead of ,the other day ,at present ,both and 经典句型1. I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.2. So d

3、o we.3. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies.重点语法被动语态三、新课导引四、教材精华SECTION A1Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends every night.应该允许青少年每天晚上和他们的朋友一起外出。(1)teenager 是一个合成名词,意为“青少年” ,指 13 至 19 岁的人。teenage 是形容词,意为“十几岁的” , 指 13

4、 至 19 岁这一年龄段。(2)should 在该句中是情态动词,表示劝告和建议,意为 “应当,应该” 。You should join the English club.你应该加入英语俱乐部You should study hard. 你应该努力学习。中考链接【2011 哈尔滨】28. In order to speak English better, we _ be afraid of losing face. Because the most important thing is to practice. Remember, practice makes perfect.A. shoul

5、d B. shouldnt C. have to答案:B【解析】考查情态动词 根据句意:为了说好英语,我们不应当害怕丢面子。用 shouldnt。(2010新疆)You have made some mistakes again. I think you be more careful next time.Acan Bmay Cshould Dwould解析:本题考查情态动词的用法。can 能,会;may 可以;should 应该;would 将要。句意:你又犯了一些错误。我认为下次你应该更加小心。根据句意空格处应填 should。其余三项均不符合题意。 答案:C(2008芜湖中考 ) We

6、_ fight against pollution.A. may B. should C. mustnt D. neednt【解析】选 B。考查情态动词 should 的用法。由常识可知“ 我们应该与污染作斗争”,故选 B。(3)should be allowed 是含有情态动词的被动语态结构,其中的 allowed 是过去分词。含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。(4)allow 动词,意为“允许,准许” ,常用于下列结构中:allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事The teacher allowed him to go into the cl

7、assroom.老师允许他进教室。allow doing sth.允许做某事We dont allow smoking in public.我们不允许在公共场所吸烟be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事Passengers are not allowed to smoke.乘客不允许吸烟。注意allow sb. to do sth.中,sb. 作宾语,动词不定式作宾语被足语;allow doing sth.中,doing sth.是动名词短语作宾语。无 allow sb. doing 的用法。辨析:allow 与 letallow 指默许,是一种较为消极的允许,常用结构为:le

8、t 指“让,允许” ,不含有限制的意思,常用结构为:My teacher allowed me to go home.我的老师允许我回家。My teacher let me go home.我的老师让我回家。2Students should not be allowed to have part-time jobs.不应该允许学生做兼职工作。part-time 是合成形容词,意为“兼职的,业余的,非全日制的” ,其反义词是 full-time“全职的 ”。In America many students do part-time jobs.在美国,许多学生做兼职工作。辨析:job 与 work

9、Job 作“工作”讲时,指零散的、具体的工作,是可数名词。work 作“工作,劳动”讲时,属通用名词,不指某项具体的工作,是不可数名词。常用短语 at work“在工作”一言辨异He looked for work for several months and at last he found a job most suitable for him.他一连找了好几个月的工作,最后终于找到了一份非常适合自己的工作。3. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.应该允许 16 岁的青少年打耳孔。(1)sixteen

10、-year-olds 意为“16 岁的人” 。I think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 我认为 16 岁的人应该被允许挑选自己的衣服。温馨提示sixteen-year-olds 在此用作名词,相当于 sixteen-year-old boys and girls,故用复数形式。(2)本句中,get 为使役动词,相当于 make 或 have,意为“使,让” 。gethave +sth. + v.- ed 意为 “使某事被做;请某人做某事” 。I got my car repaired我让人修

11、理了我的汽车。When are you doing to get your hair cut?你打算什么时候去理发?4I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive我认为不应该允许 16 岁的青少年开车。若宾语从句跟在 think,believe, suppose,expect 等表示 “想,认为”的动词之后,而且主句的主语又是第一人称时,在否定从句时,句子的否定体现在主句上,这种现象叫否定转移。 I dont think its good idea我认为那不是一个好主意。I dont think he is right我认为

12、他不对。注意 在这种主从复合句中;反意疑问句附加疑问句的主语要用从句的主语。I didnt think he was clever, was he? 我认为他不聪明,是吗?5He should stop wearing that silly earring他应该停止戴那个愚蠢的耳环。(1)stop 动词,表示“停止,阻止 ”。常用于下列结构:stop doing sth指的是停止正在做的事;Why did he stop talking? 他为什么停止了讲话?stop to do sth. 指的是停下手头所做的事情,去做另一件事。He stopped to have a look at the

13、 boy他停下来看了看那个男孩。stop sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事” 。The workers had to work for hours to stop the ship from going down工人们不得不工作数小时来阻止船下沉。cant stop doing sth. 意为 “忍不住做某事” 。I couldnt stop laughing when I heard it 听到那件事,我忍不住大笑起来。中考链接 【2011 四川成都 】44. While we were running on the playground, Jack sudden

14、ly stopped and lay on the ground, so we all stopped what was wrong with him.A. to run; to see B. running; seeing C. running; to see答案:C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。 “stop doing sth.”停止正在做的事情; “stop to do sth.”停止原来做的事情去做另一种事情。句意:我们正在操场上跑步的时 Jack 突然停下来(停止跑步)躺在地上,我们都停下来(停止跑步)看他出来什么事儿(做另一件事) 。【2011 四川广元 】17.Since you a

15、re tired, youd betterand have a good rest.A. stop to study B. stop study C. stop studying答案:C 【解析】非谓语动词的用法。stop to do sth 指停下来去做(另一件事) ;stop doing sth 指停止正在做的事,根据句意“既然你累了,你最好停止学习,去好好休息一下。 ”选 C。【2011 四川南充 】25. Class is beginning. Please stop_ .A. talking B. to talk C. talk答案:A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。stop to do

16、sth.停下来(正在做的事)去做其他事 stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。句意:上课了,请停止说话。【2011 山东泰安】33. I feel tired and sleepy. Why not stop _ for a while? A. rest B. to rest C. resting D. rested答案:B【解析】动词的用法。stop to do 表示停下来干另一件事;stop doing 表示停下正在进行的动作。根据句意,你为什么不停下(工作)来休息一会呢?(2010重庆)James,Im too tired. Lets stop a rest.Ahaving Bh

17、ave Cto having Dto have解析:本题考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth表示“停下来去做某事” ;stop doing sth 表示“停止做某事” 。句意为“James,我太累了,让我们停下来休息一下吧” ,故选 D 项。 答案:D(2008重庆中考)During the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from _ back home.A. go B. goes C. went D. going【解析】选 D。本题考查动名词的用法。 stop sb. from doing sth.表示“ 阻止

18、某人做某事”。(2)wear 作及物动词,意为 “穿,戴” ,过去式是 wore,过去分词是 worn,可用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等。He was wearing a blue coat他正穿着一件蓝色外套。He was the old man who wore thick glasses他就是那个戴深度眼镜的老人。注意“穿、戴”的其他表示方法:have on 表示“穿着,戴着” ,后接表示衣服、帽子、鞋等的名词,无进行时态。be in 表示“ 穿着,戴着” ,后面跟表示衣服颜色的名词或具体衣服的名词,表示状态。put on 表示“穿上,戴上” ,用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子等,

19、表示动作。(3)silly 形容词,表示“愚蠢的,傻的,糊涂的” 。Dont be silly别傻了。It was silly of you to trust him你信任他,真是愚蠢。辨析:foolish,stupid 与 sillyfoolish 用于人时,着重指无头脑、缺乏智慧或判断力;用于行为时,指愚蠢或考虑不周的举动。相当于汉语的“愚蠢” 。stupid 用于人或事时,着重指生性迟钝或反应迟钝,有时是中性词,相当于汉语中的“笨” 。silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,可笑。You are foolish to miss such a chance你真蠢,错过这么一个机会。He is s

20、tupid in learning math他在学习数学方面很笨。Stop asking such silly questions别再问这样傻的问题了。6It looks cool 它看上去很酷。look 在此是连系动词,其后通常用形容词作表语。It doesnt look clean它看上去不干净。The picture looks beautiful那幅画看上去很美。注意(1)look 作连系动词时,其后除用形容词作表语外,还可以用“to be+名词过去分词介词短语”或 as if引导的从句作表语。He looks to be a nice man他看上去是个好人。You look in

21、good health你看上去身体很健康。It looks as if we are going to miss the plane我们看来好像赶不上飞机了。(2)look 作连系动词,表示“好像,看起来,显得” ,在句中作谓语时,其否定式在 look 之前,但否定的内容往往在 look 之后。She doesnt look her age她看起来年龄没那么大。7Young people need to sleep年轻人需要睡眠。need 既可以作情态动词,也可以作实义动词。(1)用作情态动词时,同 can,may,must 一样,后面跟动词原形。构成否定句时,不借助于助动词 do,而采用 n

22、eed not(neednt)的形式;构成疑问句时,直接将 need 提到句首。注意need 作情态动词时,它只用于否定句和疑问句,一般不用于肯定句中。Need I do it again?我需要把它再做一遍吗?A bus is coming,so I nccdnt take a taxi公共汽车来了,因此我不必乘出租车了。中考链接(2010陕西) Must I finish my homework at school?No,you .You can do it at homeAcant Bmustnt Cneednt Dwont解析:本题考查情态动词的用法。以 Must I.引导的一般疑问句

23、,其否定回答用 No,you neednt或 No,you dont have to 。句意: “我必须在学校完成家庭作业吗?” “不,你不必。你可以在家里完成。 ” 答案:C(2)need 作实义动词时,后面跟带 to 的不定式。构成否定句和疑问句时,要借助于助动词dodoesdid,既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句和疑问句。Ill need to get up early tomorrow morning明天早上我需要早起。Does she need to look after her younger brother at home?她需要在家照看她的弟弟吗?You didnt need

24、 to tell him the news你无需告诉他这个消息。注意need 在作实义动。词时其后可跟动名词表被动即 sthneeds doing=sthneeds to be done 某物需要被This farm tool needs repairing=This farm tool needs to be repaired这件农具需要修理。(3)依据如下四点可判断 need 是情态动词,其他情况下为实义动词。变疑问句直接提前 need;否定在 need 后加 not;need 后跟动词原形(do);need 后不跟名词、代词、动名词或不定式。8I disagree.They talk i

25、nstead of doing homework我不同意。他们聊天而不做作业。(1)disagree 作不及物动词,意为“不同意,不赞同” ,其反义词是 agree,一般不用进行时。若指与某人意见不一致,通常接介词 with;若指在某一方面意见不一致,通常接介词 about,on 等,也可接介词 with。Im sorry to disagree with you对不起,我不同意你的意见。I disagree with him about what we should do对于我们应该做什么,我不同意他的看法。表示两者“不一致“,通常与介词 with 连用。His answer disagre

26、es with mine.他的答案与我的不一致。表示气候或食物等对某人不适合,通常接介词 with。Solid food disagrees with him固体食物不适合他。The climate here disagrees with me我对这儿的气候不适应。(2)instead of 是复合介词,意为“代替,而不是” ,其后接名词、代词或动名词等。What about eating fish instead of meat today?今天吃鱼而不吃肉怎么样?You should be out instead of staying at home你应该出去而不应该待在家里。辨析:ins

27、tead of 与 insteadinstead of 介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词等,表示不做或未做的事情。instead 副词,置于句首或句末,表示要做或已做的事情。I11 clean the classroom instead of you我将替你打扫教室。She didnt play basketballShe went swimming instead她没去打篮球,而是去游泳了。9They arent serious enough at that age他们在那个年龄不够严谨。(1)enough 意为“足够的(地)” ,修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之后;修饰名词时,放在名

28、词之前或之后都可以。I cant hear clearly enough我听得不够清楚。Do you have enough moneymoney enough?你有足够的钱吗 ?中考链接(2010四川南充)Does the child need any help?NoShe is to dress herselfAenough old Byoung enough Cold enough解析:本题考查 enough 的用法。enough 修饰形容词、副词时,enough 要后置,所以排除 A。由语境知空格所在处句意为 “她足够大能自己穿衣服了” ,故本题选 C。 答案:C(2)at that

29、age 在文中相当于 at the age of sixteen,意为“在 1 6 岁时” 。H e cant do such a thing at that age在那么大时,他不能做那样的事。It is difficult for her to finish the work at that age在那个年龄,她很难完成那项工作。10So do we我们(家)也有。该句是一个倒装句。so 用来代替上句中所提到的内容,避免重复,使语言更简练。do是助动词,随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。时态要与上句中的谓语动词相一致。主语必须与上句的主语不同。其结构为“so+助动词连系动词 be情态动词+主语

30、” ,肯定句中用 so,否定句中用 neither 或 nor。I feel very happySo does he 我感到很高兴,他也是。辨析:so do sb与 so sbdoso do sb 用于后者与前者情况一样,意为“某人也是” ,前后两句主语不是同一人,主谓倒装。so sbdo 用于后者赞同前者的说法,意为“某人的确如此” ,前后两句主语是同一人,主谓不倒装。I like it我喜欢它。 So do I我也喜欢。H e is a clever boy他是个聪明的男孩。So he is的确如此。中考链接【2011兰州】32. I have changed my job. A. So

31、 do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have答案:B【解析】倒装句的用法。答句意为“我也改变了工作” ,上句是由 have 构成的完成时态,因此答句由 have/ has 构成完全倒装句,因此选 B。【2011 山东德州】27. I havent seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean: On stranger Tides._.A. Neither have I B. So have I C. Neither I have D. So I have答案:A 【解析】考查倒装句。Neither+系动词(助动词或情态动词

32、)主语表达否定,意为“另一者也不” 。So+系动词(助动词或情态动词)主语,表示 “另一者也” 。根据句意“我从没看过电影加勒比海盗:惊涛怪浪可知,答语为“我也没看过” ,故选 A。(2011 湖南衡阳) 26.Peter, I will visit our teacher this Sunday. .Lets go together.A. Nor do I B.I will so C. So will I答案:C【解析】考查倒装句。So+系动词(助动词或情态动词)主语,表示 “另一者也” 。【2011 广西贵港】34.I hope the summer vacation will come

33、soon._.Its really relaxing.A. So I did B. So I do C. So did I D. So do I答案:D【解析】考查点:so 引导的倒装句。解题思路:根据答句中“它真的非常轻松”可判定答语表示“我也希望” ,后者与前者的所表示的内容一样时,用倒装句 so+助动词+主语,且本句的时态是一般现在时态,故选 D。【2011湖北黄冈】44. My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow._. Shall we go together?A. So I do B. So do I C. So will I

34、D. So I will答案:C【解析】倒装句。 “so+助动词+主语”表示“某人也是” 。故选 C。【2011四川德阳】14. Its an exciting movie. Ive just seen it.- _.A. So do I B. So I have C. So have I答案: C【解析】本题考查 So 的替代结构。So I do,意为“的确如此” 、 “是这样” ,前后主语要一样。So do I 表示某某 “也同样” ,前后主语不一样。do 可以是连系动词、情态动词或助动词,且必须与上句中的谓语动词保持时态的一致。句意为“它是个令人兴奋的电影,我刚看过”“我也是” 。前后主

35、语不一致,故排除 B。前句助动词为 have,排除 A。故选 C。【2011 湖北荆州】 28. Peter shut his mouth at the meeting all the time. How about Tom?.A. He does so B. He did so C. So does he D. So did he【答案】【解析】“So+助动词+主格代词”表示前者的情况也适合与后者,故答案选 D。【2011 广西柳州 】Mr Brown is a hardworking man and he has achieved great success._A. So is Mr Gr

36、een. B. So has Mr Green. C. Its the same with Mr Green.答案 C【解析】考查倒装句的用法。当表示前面所说的话也适合后面的人或物时,要用倒装句式:“so+谓语+主语”,但当前句话所说的既有人又有事情的句子时,用“It is the same with+主语”的结构。故选 C。【2011乌鲁木齐】31. Did you go to Nancys birthday party last night? Yes. I did.A. So did Tim B. So Tim did C. Tim did so D. Tim went so【答案】A【解

37、析】特殊句式 So+助动词/ 情态动词/be 动词+主语。表示前面叙述的情况也适合后者。【2011 河源】45.My mother likes reading._.A.So Lilys mother does B.So does Lilys motherC.So Lilys mother is D.So is Lilys moter答案:B【2011 新疆阜康】32. Andys mother told her to pour the waste, _.A. so she does B. so it is C. so did she D. and so she did答案: D【解析】倒装句式

38、。So+助动词/ 情态动词+ 主语意为“也是这样” ;So+主语+助动词/ 情态动词意为“的确如此” 。根据句意:安迪的母亲让她去倒垃圾,她的确这样做了。另外时态为一般过去式,故助动词选择 did。【2011 安徽芜湖】47. Zhou Ming likes reading English magazines. _. Its good for English learning. A. So do I B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am 答案:A 【解析】倒装句。So +助动词/ be/ 情态动词+主语,意为“主语也” ;根据第一句中的likes 可判断出应当用助动

39、词 do。故 A 为正确答案。【2011 山东德州】27. I havent seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean: On stranger Tides._.A. Neither have I B. So have I C. Neither I have D. So I have答案:A 【解析】副词的用法。so系动词(助动词或情态动词)另一主语。此句型是主谓倒装结构,表示前句所述肯定情况也适用于另一主语。其中 so 作“也这样;也如此”解。so 用于肯定句,否定句则用 neither。根据句意可知,应该是否定形式,故答案为 A。(2010兰州)I he

40、ar Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday ,and ASo he did;so did I B So did he:so I didCSo he was;so was I DSo was he:so 1 was解析:第一个空指黄刚的确做了英语演讲,用 So he did陈述形式,第二个空指我也做了演讲,用倒装形式 so did I,故选 A。 答案:A五、课堂检测I用所给词的适当形式填空1The man should be allowed (have)a part-time job2She

41、 wanted to get her bike (repair)3Your sister is too young (go)to schoo14My brother is old enough (join)the army5Well go out for a walk if it stops (rain)6Jack played computer games instead of (do)his homework7The man didnt seem (have)a lot of money8Mr. Zhang (teach)us History last year单项填空1Its terri

42、bly cold today ,isn t it?Yes yesterdayASo it was BSo was it CSo it is DSo is it2The tree needs .A. waters Bwatered Cto water Dwatering3I dont think he is the tallest man in the worldDo you me?A.catch up with Bagree with C1augh at Dgo on with4Teenagers allowed to smokeA.should not be Bshould be not Cnot should be Dshould not答案速递1to have 2Repaired 3to go 4to join 5 raining 6doing 7to have 8taught14 BDBA 六、学后反思学优 中考,网

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