1、专 题 一介词介词虽然是一种小词，只有几十个，但其作用却不可小视。首先，离开了介词的连接，就无法表达某 些 最 基 本 的 思 想 或 概 念 。 其 次 ， 介 词 在 使 用 上 也 十 分 复 杂 ， 他 们 可 以 同 其 他词 类 灵 活 搭 配 ， 构 成 很多短语。难怪有语言学家这样说过， “英 语 是 介 词(English is a language of prepositions.)。”一、介词的概念 gkstkgkstkgkstk英语的介词是一种虚词，它不能单独用作句子成分，通常用于名词或代词(以及相当于名词的其他词语)之前，表示其后词语与句中其他词语之间的关系。英语比较
2、常用的介词大约只有三十多个，根据其结构特点，介词可分为简单介词( 如 on)、合成介词(如 inside)、分词介词( 如 including)和成语介词 (如 instead of)等。二、介词的宾语 gkstkgkstkgkstkgkstk英语中能够带宾语的词语只有两种，一种是及物动词，另一种就是介词。可以用作介词宾语的语法结构不多，主要有以下几种：1. 名词或代词 能够用作介词的宾语最常用的词语是名词或代词。如：We swam in the river. 我们在河里游泳。There arent enough chairs for everyone. 没有足够的椅子给每个人坐。第一句中的名
3、词 the river 用作介词 in 的宾语，第二句中的代词 everyone 用作介词 for 的宾语。注意：如果是人称代词用作介词宾语，要注意用宾格。如：The shelf is too high for me to reach. 架子太高我够不着。句中的 for me 不能改为 for I，因为 me 在此用作介词 for 的宾语，所以只能用宾格。2. 动名词当一个动词用于介词后作宾语时，该动词习惯上要用动名词。如：He left without paying his bill. 他没有付账就走了。Im sorry for breaking your window. 对不起，我打碎了你
4、的窗户。第一句中的 pay用作介词 without 的宾语，所以要用动名词 paying，不能用原形 pay，也不能用不定式 to pay；第二句中的 break用作介词 for 的宾语，所以要用动名词breaking，不能用原形 break，也不能用不定式 to break。3. 从句当一个从句用作介词宾语时，这个从句就叫宾语从句。能够引导一个从句用作介词宾语的词语不多，常见的有 who, which, whose, what, when, where, why, whether 等。如： Im sorry for what has happened. 我对已经发生的事很抱歉。 句中的 wh
5、at 引导一个句子，用作介词 for 的宾语。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我很担心是否伤了她的感情。 句中的 whether 引导一个句子用作介词 about 的宾语，注意此处的 whether 不能换成 if，因为按英语习惯，在介词后引导宾语从句时，可用 whether，但不能用 if。 4. 两个例外(1) 介词后接不定式：在通常情况下，介词后接动词作宾语时，动词要用动名词，不用不定式，但有一个例外，就是表示“除之外”的介词 but 和 except 后接动词作宾语，动词通常用不定式，而不用动名词。如：I had no choic
6、e but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。当介词 but 和 except 前面出现动词 do(包括 does, did, done 等变化形式) 时，其后用作宾语不定式通常省略不定式符号 to。如：I can do everything except cook. 除了做饭我什么事都会做。He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看电视，他从不干任何事。(2) 介词后接 that 从句：按英语习惯，介词后通常不能接 that 引导的宾
7、语从句，遇此情况应在 that 前加上 the fact，如：They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。但是，这种用法限制对于表示“除之外”的 except 来说，又是一个例外，即介词 except后完全可以自由接 that 从句作宾语。如：The two books are the same except that this one has an answer key at the back. 除了这本书后面有问题答案以外，这两本书完全一样。三、介词短语什么叫介词短语？介词连同它的宾语就构成了介词短语。如 in
8、是介词，in the room 就是介词短语，其中 the room 是介词 in 的宾语。1. 句法功能介词短语在句子中可以用作状语、表语、定语、补语等，但一般不用作主语、谓语或宾语。如：There was a rainbow in the sky. 天上有一道彩虹。Our office is on the 9th floor. 我们的办公室在 9 楼。The rooms in Judys house are very small. 朱迪家的房间很小。A cold kept him in bed for three days. 一次感冒让他卧床三天。第一句中的介词短语 in the sky
9、用作状语，表示地点；第二句中的介词短语 on the 9th floor用作表语；第三句中的介词短语 in Judys house 用作定语，修饰名词 the rooms，其意为“朱迪家的房间”；第四句中的介词短语 in bed 用作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语 him。2. 特例上面提到介词短语一般不能用作宾语，但有一个特例，就是介词短语有时可用作某些特殊介词(如 from, until, since 等)的宾语。如：Come out from under the table. 从桌子下边出来。He walked out from among the crowd. 他从人群中走出来。请比较下面两
10、句：She wont go home until the exam. 她要等考试的时候再回家。gkstkgkstkgkstkShe wont go home until after the exam. 她要考完试之后再回家。gkstkgkstkgkstk一根据句意，填上适当的介词。1. Dont forget to wash hands _ meals. 2. Please turn _ Page 20. 3. Now the students go to school _Monday _ Friday.4. There is a big market _ the end of the roa
11、d.5. -Is your brother in, Kate? -Yes, he is _ home 6. My mother is waiting _ the bus _ line _ the bus stop. 7. Hell give us a talk _ the history of our party. 8. Mrs Green will hold the class instead _ Mr Zhang.9. China is one _ the biggest countries _ the world. 10. Mike came to China _ March, 1993
12、. He has been in China _ 13 years. 11. Whats the Great Wall made _? 12. I prefer fruit _ beef. Miss Zhou agrees _ me. gkstkgkstkgkstk.Com13. Its very kind _ you to carry the box _ me.14. The students _ old clothes will go to the farm.15. Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes. 16. I saw your name
13、_ todays newspaper. 17. I dropped the key _ the school gate.18. I saw an old man _ grey hair _ the street.19. Go _ the gate and youll find it.20. We were sad _ hearing such bad news二用适当的介词填空：It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just(1)_ dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours earlier, Id be
14、en at home in Hong Kong, (2)_ its choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place (3)_ tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters (4)_ the Li River which are pictured (5)_ artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead, I d
15、 head straight (6)_ Yangshuo. For those who fly (7)_ Guilin, its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo (8)_ one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And t
16、he town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie in; at 7. on 8. of 9. of; in 10. in; for 11. of 12. to; with 13. of; for 14. in 15. in; for 16. in 17. about 18. with; in 19. through 20. at二 (1) before (2)with (3)for (4)of (5)by (6)for (7)to (8)as (9)in (10)for三
17、 1. He stood there, with his back against the wall.2. On the morning of New Years Day, people woke to the sound of firecrackers.3. When I entered the room, I saw a man standing at the window. 4. Tom swam across three rivers, climbed over five hills and went through eight cities on the way.gkstkgkstk
18、gkstk5. Im going to complain to the manager about this. 6. We put an ad in the local paper. 7. The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished.8. I leaned back to get a better view, but fell off the chair.9. After dinner, we set out for the supermarket to buy some chocolate. 10. The park is beautiful beyond description.感受背景文化 Answer: 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B版权所有：学优高考网()
