1、第3讲 词性转换、比较等级及名词的数,技巧1 熟悉词性与成分的关系, 破解词性转换 【典例】(2018全国卷)Running is cheap, easy and its always _(energy).,【考场思维】 读句子分析成分空格处作表语 分析词性与成分的对应关系此处应用形容词 尝试解答: _,energetic,【技法点金】 这样运用句子成分解词性转换 (1)句子成分与词性的关系,(2)解题技巧 若提示词在主语或宾语的位置, 且前面有冠词、形容词、物主代词等, 一般填名词形式。 若提示词作表语, 或修饰后面的名词, 一般填形容词形式。,若提示词对整个句子或对其前、后的动词、形容词起
2、修饰作用, 一般填副词形式。 要牢记常见的后缀形式, 确保正确转换词性。,【过关检测】 (2017全国卷)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.,fairly,(2018天水一模)One Sunday morning the local post office delivered a letter to my home, though it was address
3、ed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of _ (appreciate).,appreciation,For example, I have to memorize English words to _ (large) my vocabulary. (2018开封一模)Chinese seaman had axial rudders (轴舵) that were not adopted by the _(Europe) ships until the middle of the 15th century.,enlarge,Eu
4、ropean,In fact, it is _(special) arranged like this so that workers may have 3-day weekends, that is, Saturday, Sunday and Monday. (2018长春一模)The old people there were _ (talk) and they told us their personal stories cheerfully.,specially,talkative,I couldnt imagine what it is like to lose your home
5、and everything that you know and the _(power) effect the hurricane had on those people. (2018烟台一模)More _ (sad), they can present a threat to many animals.,powerful,sadly,Dr Seuss is famous for his fantastical and _ (humour) books for young children. Birds, whales, turtles and other animals often mis
6、take balloons for food, which can do damage to them because balloons contain _(harm) chemicals.,humorous,harmful,【易错警示】 词性与成分关系不清 (2016全国卷I)The title will be _(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. (变式)The _(official) opening of the store will take place next week. (变式)In the old society, _
7、(official) stuck together against the masses.,【点拨】题中的空格在句中作状语修饰given, 不是作表语。根据词性与成分的关系, 填副词形式officially。题中空格处为形容词作定语修饰后面的opening, 故填official。题空格处作主语, 泛指各种官员, 故填officials。,技巧2 活用构词法, 秒杀词性转换 【典例】(2017全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _(educate).,【考场思维】 分析句子成分空格处在句中作宾语 根据形容词性物主代词her判断应用名词形式根据构
8、词法知识确定答案 尝试解答: _,education,【技法点金】 牢记几种常考的构词法 1. 形容词变副词的后缀,2. 形容词变名词的后缀,3. 动词变名词的后缀常见的动词变名词的后缀有-al, -ance, -ence, -ion, -tion, -ation, -(ss)ion, -ing, -ment, -ure, -ture, -y等。,4. 动词、名词变形容词的后缀常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有-able, -al, -ful, -ed, -ing, -ible, -ive, -ous, -some, -y, -ern, -ish等。,5. 表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀常见的表
9、示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, un-, -less等。,6. 变动词的前缀和后缀,【过关检测】 (2017浙江高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _ (shine) object. (2016四川高考)Chinese scientists _ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.,shiny/shining,recently,(2016全国卷) So
10、me people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C. , influenced the _(develop) of chopsticks.,development,(2016全国卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _ (attr
11、act).,attraction,But this is a tall order: global warming is rather complex, combined _(deep) with our lives, physically, socially, and spiritually. But the man wasnt sitting down with a sad _ (express). He had a radio in his hand and was dancing _(merry)to the music.,deeply,expression,merrily,The f
12、orm was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the _(culture) treasures of China. Paper, bottles and cans are thrown away carelessly; food is wasted just because of its poor taste; clothes are rejected _ (simple) due to their old fashion.,cultural,simply,技巧
13、3 利用标志词确定比较关系 【典例】(2017全国卷)Even _(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.,【考场思维】 读句子分析成分空格处作评注性状语 分析提示词even为标志词此处用比较级 尝试解答: _,worse,【技法点金】 确定比较关系四标志 (1)若空格后面有than呼应, 或前面有much/a bit/a little/even等时, 要考虑形容词或副词的比较级。 (2)若空格处于the more. . . the more. . . 结构中, 或在the后面特指两者中的某一个时, 要考虑形容词或副词的比较
14、级。,(3)若有时候没有明显的标志词, 但上下文有隐含的比较意义时, 要考虑形容词或副词的比较级。 (4)若三者以上的事物比较时, 要考虑形容词或副词的最高级。,【过关检测】 A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and comfortable room is in a much _ (good) position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.,better,(2018长安二模)That is the date o
15、n which several of the _ (great) writers in the world passed away. Dont leave your future to chance or wait for things to get _ (good) mysteriously on their own.,greatest,better,(2018合肥一模)People splash water on each other, hoping to take away sickness and disasters. The wetter you get, the _ (lucky)
16、 you will be.,luckier,(2018东莞一模)When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates, his friends were in tears, but Socrates seemed to be the _ (brave) man in the room. He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.,bravest,But on _ (close) inspection, things are not quite
17、what they seem: Gaos real name is Terry Crossman and he is from the United States. Were often told to “eat a rainbow” and we aim for the very guideline that says the more color a food has, the _ (good) it is.,closer,better,His eyes lit up. I told him that we had _(many) than one and suggested he sho
18、uld enjoy something sweet while enjoying the beautiful scenery! (2018铜仁二模)They were awarded for their work on molecular machines, which are a thousand times _(thin) than a strand(一缕) of human hair.,more,thinner,(2018南阳三模)A good teacher is the one who explains, a better teacher demonstrates, but only
19、 the _(good) can truly inspire.,best,【易错警示】 理清语境, 谨防比较混乱 (2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of _(great) and less importance. (变式)Long-distance race is won by the runner with the _(great) endurance.,【点拨】题中空格处和后面的less并列, 指两种不同
20、性质的工作, 填greater; 题中空格处暗指与所有runners(三者以上)的比较, 空格前的定冠词the也是最高级的标志之一, 所以填greatest。,技巧4 关注复数限定词, 留意复数表泛指 【典例】(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thin
21、g the medical community was trying to fight.,【考场思维】 读句子分析成分空格处作宾语 限定词some/side 应填名词复数 尝试解答: _,effects,【技法点金】 1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式 (1)一般情况下, 在词尾直接加-s : bookbooks, mouthmouths, househouses, girlgirls (2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词, 在词尾加-es : glassglasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, brushbrushes,(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,
22、 变y为i再加-es: citycities, countrycountries, partyparties, factoryfactories (4)以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s: radios, zoos, pianos, kilos photos; 加-es的有以下词: heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes,(5)以-f, -fe结尾的名词 少数直接加-s: roofroofs, beliefbeliefs 一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es: self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf,
23、wolf, half,2. 若提示词为名词, 前面有these, those, few, a few, many, a good many, a number等时, 要考虑名词复数。 3. 若有些修饰词既可用于名词复数前, 也可用于不可数名词前, 要根据语境判断, 如all, some, enough, a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of等。,4. 要牢记复数的变化规则以及例外情况, 如childchildren; toothteeth等。,【过关检测】 One day I was thinking of something new to read
24、. When I asked my sister for _ (suggest), she told me to read A Child Called “It ”.,suggestions,Begin to build your confidence, and work through _ (problem) rather than avoid them. (2018黔东南一模)I also try to speak English as much as I can so that I can communicate with _(foreign) freely.,problems,fore
25、igners,It is fun and exciting. But it really causes great destruction to the environment and threatens the _(life)of our wildlife.,lives,(2018长安一模)The teahouse has become a place for people to not only drink tea and relax, but experience Chinese culture, hold social activities, host private parties
26、and conduct business _ (negotiate).,negotiations,The effect that music can have on our _ (emotion) is unbelievable, as it can bring people to floods of tears or bursts of laughter. If you want to be successful in life, you might want to take a look in the mirror and see if any of this behavior descr
27、ibes you, and then take small _ (step) to self-correct if necessary.,emotions,steps,(2018内江一模)The flower has been favored by _ (poet) through the ages, because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn. Second, if you examine the language attentively, you can learn to appreciate differ
28、ent English writing _ (style).,poets,styles,His _ (work) include The Cat in the Hat, Green Eggs and Ham and The Lorax.,works,【易错警示】 忽略限定词的作用 (2017全国卷)She has turned down several _(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. (变式)I wrote back to John immediately to thank them for the _(invitation).,【点拨】题中根据空格前面的several, 可知要用复数形式, 故填invitations。题中的意思是“他们给我的请柬”, 空格前面的the 表特指, 故填invitation。,
