1、Period Three ,Grammar，Speaking & Writing,交际导航 口语积累运用,语法专题 虚拟语气(),写作专题 写一封建议信,栏目索引,语法精析,语法专题,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)。不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句
2、、表语从句、同位语从句中)。本单元主要学习与现在事实或将来事实相反的if虚拟条件句以及wish等后面从句中的虚拟语气。,虚拟语气(),一、虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法（）,(一)表示与现在事实相反的假设 1.If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。 2.If I had any money with me，I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你一些。 3.If you tried again，you might succeed. 如果你再试一次，你或许会取得成功。 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词b
3、e的过去式一律用 were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替(如例句1)。,即时跟踪1 (1)要是我父亲现在在这里，他会告诉我该做什么。 If my father here now，he me what to do. (2)对不起，我现在太忙了，如果我有时间，我当然会和你去郊游。 Sorry，I am too busy now.If I time，I certainly go for an outing with you.,答案,were,would tell,had,would,(二)表示可能与将来情况相反的假设 1.If he should come here tomorrow，I
4、 would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就会跟他谈谈。 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday，we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 3.If it were to rain tomorrow，our plan would be postponed. 如果明天下雨，我们的计划就会被推迟。,注意：当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，should时， 条件从句中if可以省略，但需用部分倒装形式，即把were，should置于句首，多用于书面语。 Should he agree to
5、 go there，we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here，she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。,即时跟踪2 (1)用所给动词的正确形式或适当的情态动词填空 If it were (snow) this evening，they would not go out. According to the school rules，if a student happen to damage something by accident，he/she should report it t
6、o a teacher or the office immediately. (2)改为倒装句 If it should rain tomorrow/If it were to rain，we would have to stay at home. tomorrow，we would have to stay at home. tomorrow，we would have to stay at home.,答案,to snow,should,Should it rain,Were it to rain,二、虚拟条件句的特殊句式 (一)错综时间条件句 在虚拟条件句中，条件从句所表示的动作如果与主
7、句动作发生的时间不一致，这种条件句叫错综时间条件句。主句和从句的谓语动词的形式根据各自的时间而定。 1.从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school，I would be an engineer now. 如果我在学校刻苦学习的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。 If they had informed us，we would not be here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。,2.从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free toda
8、y，we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们就会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her，he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。,即时跟踪3 (1)如果当初她听从了医生的建议，会比现在好得多。 If she the doctors advice，she now. (2)如果你昨天告诉了我这个消息，我现在就不会这样担心了。 If you me the news yesterday，I so worried now.,had followed,would feel better,ha
9、d told,wouldnt be,答案,(二)含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件句中if不直接表达出来，而是暗含于副词、介词短语、上下文中或以其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 1.用without，with，but for等介词引起的介词短语来表示隐含的条件。 Without your help，we wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么多的成绩。 But for your help，I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。,2.用or，othe
10、rwise，but，however等表示隐含的条件。 We didnt know his telephone number，otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话了。 She would have come here，but she was too busy with her homework. 她本来要到这里来，但是她当时忙于做作业。,即时跟踪4 用所给动词的正确形式填空(必要时加情态动词) (1)But for the help of my English teacher，I (miss) the fi
11、rst prize in the English Writing Competition. (2)Without your help，we (not finish) the work ahead of time. (3)I didnt know you would come，otherwise I (meet) you at the airport.,答案,would have missed,couldnt have finished,would have met,(三) 有时虚拟条件句中的主从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 1.省略从句 He would have fi
12、nished it.他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。 2.省略主句 If I were at home now！要是我现在在家里该多好啊！ If only I had got it！要是我得到它了该多好啊！,即时跟踪5 用所给动词的正确形式填空(必要时加情态动词) (1)If only I (know) how to operate a computer as you do then! (2)We (face) the difficulty together，but why didnt you tell me?,答案,ha
13、d known,could have faced,.用所给动词的正确形式填空(必要时加情态动词) 1.Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway _ (not write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015重庆) 2.It is lucky we booked a room，or we (have) nowhere to stay now.(2015安徽) 3.We (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. (2014北京),答案,高考链接
14、,would have,would be,wouldnt have written,4.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she (live) there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.(2012安徽) 5.Sorry，I am too busy now.If I (have) time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.(2012湖南),答案,were to live/should l
15、ive/lived,had,.单句改错(每题仅1处错误) 1.If you are me，would you talk to them？(2015四川，短文改错) _ 2.We would be grateful when you could join us that day. (2008宁夏，短文改错) _,arewere,whenif,答案,返回,Expressions about preference 1.Id prefer. 2.Id rather. 3.Id like. 4.I want to. 5.Would you rather.? 6.Would you like.or.? 7
16、.Which would you prefer.? 8.If it was up to me，Id choose.,交际导航,口语积累运用,9.We shouldnt miss. 10.Thats my first choice. 11.Im fond of. 12.I dont like to. 13.Whats your preference?,即时跟踪 语法填空 M：When are you the happiest? W：I think Im the happiest when Im singing.I love singing so much.When I sing，I feel f
17、ree.How 1. you? M：Im the happiest when I play basketball.When Im playing basketball，Im not 2. (worry) about 3. ，and Im not thinking about anything.When Im playing basketball， everything is simple.What 4. do you love?,答案,about,worried,anything,else,W：I love my family，5. (especial) my grandmother.My g
18、randmother is so kind and she always wants to help 6. .When Im sad，she makes me laugh.She tells me stories and teaches me many things. M：Yes，I also love my family very much.My parents work very hard and try 7. best to make me happy.They always love me and I will always love them and take good care o
19、f them. W：What do you hate?,答案,especially,others,their,M：I hate wars and fighting.In history class，we learn about many wars， and they make me angry.I think people should be kind 8. each other，not fight with each other.What about you? W：I hate feeling sick.When Im sick，I feel 9. (help)，and I cant do
20、the activities I enjoy 10. spend time with my friends.,答案,返回,to,helpless,or,文体指导 建议信是写信人向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告，可能是写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织和机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。建议信要给出写信的原因，提出合理的建议，以便使对方接受自己的想法、主张。因此，建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、理由充足，具有合理性和说服力。同时，语言要得当，语气一定要礼貌，体现出自己的诚意。,写作专题,基础点拨,写一封建议信,建议信一般分为三个部分： 开头：针对对方对自己
21、的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的诚意。建议信的开头要说明建议的前提和事情的原委，对自己的立场做一些解释。 主体：围绕问题委婉地提出建议。表达时应该选择得体的用语，切忌用语生硬强制。在提建议的过程中一定要抓住问题的关键，努力做到语言简短有力。 结尾：表达自己的愿望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助，同时阐明你所提供的建议仅供对方参考。,常用句式 建议信开头常用句式： 1.I am writing to express my views about. 2.You have asked me for my advice on.and I will try to make some suggestio
22、ns. 3.Thanks for trusting me.Its my great pleasure to give you some suggestions. 表达建议常用句式： 1.I think the most suitable.for you.is. 2.I would like to suggest that. 3.As far as I am concerned./In my opinion.,建议信结尾常用句式： 1.These are only my personal suggestions.I hope you will find them useful/helpful.
23、2.I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in further detail. 3.Im willing to discuss this matter with you whenever you need help.,写作任务 假如你是大学一年级新生李华。开学之初，你的英语老师Ms Li希望了解每位同学的英语学习情况，并征求教学建议。请按以下要点用英语给她写一封信。 1.对英语学习的认识； 2.自己目前的英语水平； 3.自己在英语学习上存在的主要问题； 4.对英语教学的两点建议。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.信的开头和结尾已给出，
24、不计入总词数。,佳作构建,Dear Ms Li，Im very happy to have you as our English teacher. Thank you! Li Hua,答案,审题谋篇 第一步 明确要求 文章体裁为建议信，写作目的是陈述观点，给出合理化建议。此建议信的主体时态应采用 时态和 时态。 第二步 确定段落 文章可分成三个部分： 第一段：_ 第二段：_ 第三段：_,一般现在,一般将来,阐述观点，表明态度；,分析原因；,给出具体切合实际的建议和措施。,答案,第三步 词汇热身 1.越来越重要 _ 2.记住，背诵 _ 3.感到紧张 _ 4.取得进步 _ 5.在你的帮助下 _,m
25、ore and more important,learn.by heart,feel nervous,make progress,with your help,答案,第四步 句式升级 1.我的英语水平一般，在学习上的两个主要问题是我感到背诵英语单词很难并且在说英语时经常感到紧张。 (一般表达)My English level is just so so，and there are two main study problems.I feel it is difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when I
26、speak English. (句式升级)My English is just OK and _ _ I to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous English.(表语从句；it作形式宾语；状语从句的 省略),the two main problems in my study,are that,feel it difficult,when speaking,答案,2.我真诚地希望你能给我一些如何记住新单词的建议。 (一般表达)How can I remember new words？I hope you can give me
27、 some advice. (句式升级)I hope some good advice on _ _ new words.(宾语从句；“疑问词不定式”结构) 3.我相信在你的帮助下我们会取得很大的进步。 (一般表达)I believe if you help us we can improve our English. (句式升级)I believe we can in English _.,that you can give me,how to,memorize,make great progress,with your help,连句成篇 _As the world is becoming
28、 a global village，English is getting more and more important，so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.I really hope that you can give me some advice on how to memorize new words.Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practice speaking.I believe we can make great progress in English with your help._ _,返回,Dear Ms Li，,Im very happy to have you as our English teacher.,Li Hua,Thank you!,本课结束,
