1、语法专题(十一) 主谓一致,PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,【中考考点】 (1)就近一致原则。(2)意义一致原则。 (3)语法一致原则。,考点一 就近一致原则,就近一致原则就是谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 1.由eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not onlybut also等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。 Neither her parents nor she herself a bank clerk.她父母和她本人都不是银行职员。 Either my father or my mother on weekdays.在工作日
2、,不是我爸爸就是我妈妈做饭。 2.当there be 句型中的主语是一系列事物时,谓语动词的数应与离其最近的主语保持一致。 There a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There twenty boys and twenty-three girls in the classroom. 教室里有20名男生和23名女生。 3.在here引导的句子中,当主语不止有一个时,谓语动词通常与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。,cooks,is,are,is,考点二 意义一致原则,1.有些集合名词,如family,c
3、lass,team 等,作主语时,若看作整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调其中的每个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Mr.Smiths family a big one. 史密斯先生家是一个大家庭。 Mr.Smiths family watching TV. 史密斯一家正在看电视。 2.all, either, neither, most, more, some, any, none 作主语时,若代表可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;若代表可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。 Now all been changed. 现在一切都变了。 All present. 所有的都在这儿。,is
4、,are,has,are,3.“分数或百分数+of+名词/代词”以及“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/(a)part of+名词/代词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数由of后面的名词或代词决定。若名词是可数名词复数,代词是除第三人称单数以外的人称代词,谓语动词用复数形式;若名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词,代词是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数形式。 Lots of damage caused by fire. 很多损失是由火灾造成的。 4.名词所有格之后的名词被省略,表示“商店、工厂、住宅”等意义,且作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
5、The doctors across from the bank. 诊所在银行的对面。,was/is,is,5.politics, physics, the United States, news, math(s) 等词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 The news very exciting. 那则新闻是非常令人兴奋的。 Physics a bit difficult for me. 物理对我来说有点儿难。 6.表时间、距离、长度、价格、度量的词(短语)及动名词、动词不定式等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。加减乘除也常看作整体,谓语动词也用单数形式。 Twenty years a long
6、time. 二十年是一段很长的时间。,is,is,is,7.“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of players from America. 很多运动员来自美国。 The number of the students in our class 50. 我们班的学生数是五十。 8.形式上虽为单数,但意义为复数的名词,如people, police 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 A lot of people dancing outside. 很多人正在外面跳舞。 The
7、 police looking for the lost boy. 警察正在找那个丢失的男孩。,is,are/come,are,are,考点三 语法一致原则,1.each以及由some-, any-, no-, every-等构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Each of us an English book. 我们每个人都有一本英语书。everybody ready? 每个人都准备好了吗? 2.常以复数形式出现的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, shorts 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。若前面有“一条”“一副”“一把”之类的量词修饰时,谓语动词
8、用单数形式。,has,Is,3.主语后有with, together with, along with, besides, except, but, as well as 等引导的短语作插入语时,谓语动词的数与它前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 老师和他的学生们将去参观博物馆。 4.由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Both he and I are right. 我和他都是对的。,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Be quiet! The patien
9、ts (be) sleeping. 2.My sister likes making friends. She often (share) her ideas with them. 3.Neither you nor I (be) talented in music, but we both like listening to it. 4.Two months (be) a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. 5.Fish (be) the little boys favorite food. 6.Two
10、thirds of the money (belong) to Jack. 7.20% of the students in my class (like) watching movies.,are,shares,am,is,is,belongs,like,8.Something strange often (happen) in the neighborhood these days. 9.The number of new babies (increase) quickly after the policy comes out. 10.Either you or I (be) going
11、to the teachers office after class. 11.This basket of apples (be) enough for these kids. 12.Both the students and the teacher (know) the history of the city. 13.Exercising every day (make) the boy called Wang Chenxuan stronger and stronger. 14.One hundred million dollars (be) a small goal of Wang Jianlins. 15.Yao Ming is one of Chinas basketball players who (have) ever played in NBA.,happens,increases,am,is,know,makes,is,have,