1、1英语修辞学课程教学大纲一、教师或教学团队信息教师姓名 职称 办公室 电话 电子信箱徐桦 副教授 13917421223 本教师教授过的本科课程有：综合英语、英语泛读、英语视听说、英语写作、商务英语写作、英语语言风格、英语修辞学、英语词汇学等。所教授的英语写作获得 2014 年度学院“精彩课堂”奖；所教授的英语写作、英语词汇学、英语修辞学等课程获得学生评教高分。本教师主要研究方向为英语课程论和英语写作教学。参加编写过多种英语词典、英语专业课本、和英语教辅书籍，其中参与编写的英语语言学与教学丛书写作教程系列获 2008 年度上海师范大学教学成果三等奖。撰写和发表重要专业论文十余篇。担任 2006
2、-2008 年度上海师范大学精品课程建设项目“中级英语写作”项目以及 2009-2011 年度上海市教委重点课程 “英语写作基础”系列课程项目负责人。二、课程基本信息课程名称（中文）：英语修辞学课程名称（英文）：English Rhetoric课程类别：通识必修课通识选修课专业必修课专业方向课专业拓展课实践性环节课程性质*：学术知识性 方法技能性研究探索性实践体验性课程代码：周学时：2 总学时：32 *2 学分: 4先修课程：英语写作，英语语法授课对象：英语（师范）专业本科三年级（5+6 学期）三、课程简介本课程作为一门选修课程，向具备英语写作基础的学生介绍现代英语修辞学的研究内容、方法和主要
3、修辞手段的运用；教学内容涉及词法、句法和段篇2的修辞特色、组织安排及表达手段。教学目的是让学生了解英语语言较深层次的表达特点和规律，辨别英汉修辞技巧的异同，能够利用修辞知识分析英语读物，提高欣赏水平和语言修养，并恰当地使用修辞手段，提高语言交际效果。本课程对于高年级的英语语言文学专业的学生是不可或缺的学习领域及环节，它集理论性和实践性为一身，具备较高的实用价值，对于提升学生的专业水平具有重要帮助。四、课程目标英语修辞学的教学内容涉及词法、句法和段篇的修辞特色、组织安排及表达手段；通过修辞中的美学和非美学两套标准，系统传授英语修辞学的相关理论及实践技巧。教学目的是让学生了解英语语言较深层次的表达
4、特点和规律，辨别英汉文化及修辞技巧的异同，能够利用修辞知识分析英语读物，提高欣赏水平和语言修养，并恰当地使用修辞手段，提高笔头及口头的语言表达效果。总之，本课程旨在培养学生针对不同目的、场景、对象，使用相应风格的英语交际能力，以及一定的研究英语语言有效表达的学术素养。五、教学内容与进度安排*（满足对应课程标准的第 2 条）本课程内容分三个大方面，第一方面为现代修辞学的研究对象、内容和方法，英语修辞活动的层次；第二方面为不同句法的修辞特色，短篇组织安排，文章写作和修改；第三方面为一些专题研究内容以及常用修辞格。周次 教学内容 学习要点 授课形式 课后作业第一学期1-3 Unit 1: Goals
5、 for studying rhetoric (1) Course plan Reasons for learning rhetoric Relation btw rhetoric paralleled sentences; cumulative sentences; anticlimactic sentences; rhetorical questions; elliptical sentences; inverted sentences; emphatic sentences, etc.讲课、讨论阅读课本，补充例子，完成章后及指定的作业，操练写作。414 Unit 5: The three
6、 levels of rhetorical operations (C): Writing a paragraph Comparison btw paragraph ways of creating unity Coherence: definition; ways of creating coherence讲课、讨论阅读课本，补充例子，完成章后及指定的作业，操练写作。16 Revision 全学期课程内容要点 讲课、讨论、答疑第二学期1-2 Unit 13: The Three Inartistic Criteria Comment on final Revision of the prev
7、ious units Organization of paragraphs & essays and arrangements of contents (induction & deduction) Functions of supporting sentences & paragraphs 3 inartistic criteria: facts, examples, testimony讲课、讨论阅读课本，补充例子，完成章后及指定的作业，操练写作。3-4 Unit 6: Meaning of words: A multifaceted notion General idea of dicti
8、on Importance of word choice Characteristics of English vocabulary General idea of word meaning: lexical & grammatical meaning讲课、讨论阅读课本，补充例子，完成章后及指定的作业，操练写作。5 3 categories of word meaning: referential & social & affective meaning5-6 Unit 7: Denotation and Connotation Reasons for studying denotation
9、& connotation Definition of denotation & connotation Suggestions on how to know and use the denotation accurately Aspects of connotation: negative & positive, etc. Suggestions on how to know about and use words connotatively讲课、讨论阅读课本，补充例子，完成章后及指定的作业，操练写作。7-8 Unit 8: Generalization and Specification
10、Usefulness of generalization & specification Definitions of generalization & specification General & specific terms Advantages of writing generally & specifically Some common practices of generalization Approaches to writing specifically讲课、讨论阅读课本，补充例子，完成章后及指定的作业，操练写作。9-10 Unit 9: Economy and Clarity
11、 Importance of economy 2 criteria of economy Relationship btw clarity and & 讲课、讨论阅读课本，补充例子，完成章后及指定的作业，操练写作。6economy Causes of wordiness Approaches to clarity11-12 Unit 10: Accuracy and Vagueness Importance & Definition of accuracy Suggestions on how to achieve accuracy Influence on accuracy from gra
12、mmar Nature of vagueness Occasions of using vagueness Some rhetorical devices of vagueness: pun, hyperbole, understatement, euphemism讲课、讨论阅读课本，补充例子，完成章后及指定的作业，操练写作。13-15 Unit 12/15): The Literal Use and Figurative Use Definition of literal & figurative meaning Function of figurative use Some common
13、figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, analogy, paradox, parody, etc.讲课、讨论阅读课本，补充例子，完成章后及指定的作业，操练写作。16 Revision 全学期课程内容要点 讲课、讨论、答疑六、修读要求（满足对应课程标准的第 3 条）对学生的基本要求是“理解”及“创新” 。即要求学生在理解教学内容的基础上，积极思考，拓展思维，避免使用课堂或教师已经使用过的例子，而是自主、灵活地运用所学方式进行语言表达上的创新。提倡学生深度阅读和日常写作操练。每学期将有二至三次的重要书面作业，且有评分及反馈讨论。
14、培养认7真、严谨的学习态度和习惯，引用例子必须注明出处，鼓励学生表达与己相关的内容。七、学习评价方案（满足对应课程标准的第 4、5、6 条）学生课程学习的最终成绩以百分制计算，最终成绩由过程学习成绩和终结性考核成绩构成。成绩结构为：最终成绩=平时成绩（ 50%） （其中：考勤分 10%，平时课堂表现成绩 10%，个性化书面作业 30%）+期末笔试成绩 50%。 （每项成绩均有计算依据）八、课程资源教材：英语修辞学概论 （修订本） ，黄任编著，上海外语教育出版社，2014年 9 月第一版参考书目及拓展阅读：英语修辞与写作 ，黄任编著，上海外语教育出版社，1996 年 10 月第一版；英语修辞大全
15、 ，冯翠华著，外语教学与研究出版社，1995 年 12 月第一版；实用英语修辞 ，吕煦著，清华大学出版社，2004 年第一版。部分英文报纸、著名英文演讲、及著名文学作品。思考题：Unit 1： What is the difference btw writing and rhetoric? Give some examples. What is the difference btw rhetoric and grammar? Give some examples. Can you tell the difference btw a correct and an effective senten
16、ce? Explain what rhetoric is as you understand it. How important, do you think, is it to learn rhetoric? Have you noticed any similar idioms that exist in both Chinese and English cultures? Give 1 or 2 examples (beyond the class examples). Find more examples to show the differences btw Chinese and E
17、nglish in 8expression. (One or two about cultural differences, one or two about language expressions)Unit 2 Which of deduction and induction is the approach of reasoning from a general idea to facts or from a set of facts to a particular idea? Explain each with examples. Do you find learning somethi
18、ng about the patterns of syllogism helpful to you? Why? Think out more cases (beyond the class examples) indicating “Pathos” in practice. Think out more cases (beyond the class examples) indicating “Ethos” in practice.Unit 3 Do you think it very important to pay attention to word choice in ones writ
19、ing? Why? What is your advice for a command of English vocabulary? Find 1 or 2 pairs of synonyms and illustrate their meanings (with Chinese version if necessary) in both similar and different contexts and make theoretical comments. Find a short, common, preferably monosyllabic, English word and mak
20、e sentences to show its multiplicity of meanings and functions and flexibility in usage (with Chinese version if necessary).Unit 4 Comment on the sayings: “Variety breeds vividness” / “The joy of life is variety” in the sense of sentence variety. / What is the rhetorical purpose of having sentence v
21、ariety? What are the ways you know to achieve sentence variety? Choose one to explain in more detail with necessary examples. How is the loose sentence different from the periodic sentence? Is the cumulative sentence similar to the periodic sentence or to the loose sentence? What rhetoric effects ca
22、n an anticlimax sentence / a rhetorical question / the rhetoric device of repetition achieve? Explain with examples.Unit 5 & Unit 119 Are a paragraph and an essay similar or different in some ways? How similar or different? How do you understand the statement that each paragraph or essay must have a
23、 clear central thought? What should a writer bear in mind to achieve unity? How important is coherence in writing? How can coherence be achieved? Which of the four basic types of writing is used most frequently in your life? Unit 13 What is the difference between artistic criteria and inartistic cri
24、teria as you understand? Do you find learning the three inartistic criteria useful to your writing or speaking? What do we need to pay attention to when using facts? Can you name as many aspects of facts as you can? Can you think of a topic for which you need to use examples for explanation? What is
25、 the difference between examples and illustrations? What kinds of testimony are regarded as valid and reliable? Can you think of any other case of reluctant testimony? Which kind of testimony would you be most likely to use in your future graduation thesis writing? How can you properly use it?Unit 6
26、 Do you think it very important to pay attention to word choice in ones writing? Why? Cite some example sentences to show the three basic levels of word meaning (referential, social, affective meaning). Provide necessary explanation. What other things, apart from the 5 principles, should we pay atte
27、ntion to in the choice of words? What kind of words should you choose if you want to write in an informal, 10easygoing way? Why? Unit 7 How do you understand “shades of meaning”? Can you tell the difference btw denotation and connotation? Explain with examples. How important do you think it is to un
28、derstand connotation? Find examples (beyond class) of newly coined words or of words with new meanings. Explain their denotation and connotation (if any).Unit 8 What are the ways do you think to achieve specified / generalized writing? How can a writer summarize a large body of facts within a limite
29、d space? Explain when you have to write this way. Which do you find more difficult to do, to write generally or specifically? Why?Unit 9 How important is economy? Explain with examples. What causes wordiness/ tautology/ redundancy? Find more examples, beyond the textbook and class notes, of correspo
30、nding Chinese & English expressions to show difference in economy. How can we achieve the best effect in improving both clarity and economy? Use necessary examples. What problems do you have for writing clearly?Unit 10 How can we achieve accuracy in the use of language? How do you understand vaguene
31、ss as a language attribute? What effect does the pun have in communication? Can you cite examples of the use of pun, both in English and Chinese? Do you use the hyperbole in your communication with others? What do you 11think is the appropriate use of it? How can understatement achieve the effect of
32、 emphasis? Cite some examples. Can you cite examples of the use of euphemism both in English and Chinese? What is the general purpose of using euphemism? What kind of euphemism should we keep close watch on so as not to be deceived?Unit 12 & Unit 15 Whats the difference btw literal meaning and figur
33、ative meaning? How many figures of speech have you learned? What are they? Does simile have the same rhetorical functions as metaphor? How similar and different are simile and analogy? Can you cite an example to indicate how an analogy can make an abstract idea concrete? Explain with an example how
34、useful an analogy can be in persuasion. How much have you learned from the Rhetoric Class? What from the course has impressed you the most? Can you prepare a possible topic for your future research?General questions for the course: What have you learned from the course “English rhetoric” that impresses you the most in the use of the English language? How much have you learned from the course of English rhetoric? Does it help you in any way in your use of the English language? How do you think learning the course of English rhetoric can improve your use of the English language?九、其他需要说明的事宜无
