1、基于“课程标准、中招视野、两类结构”九年级专题复习“中考阅读理解解题技巧”教案设计（一）化河一中 刘晓景 2015 年 11 月一、 复习目标确定的依据：1、课程标准相关要求:英语课程标准 （2011 年版）要求学生能够在限定时间内（一般五分钟）读完 300 字以内的英语短文并能获取一定的信息，根据近年来中考阅读理解题型分析，来解决实际问题。2、题型分析：阅读理解共 20 小题，分值为 40 分。阅读理解题一直是中考的重头戏，分值占总分的 1/3。阅读材料体裁多样，选材广泛，有越来越浓厚的生活气息，时代特点。题型设计偏重于对事实细节的考查和对推理判断能力的考查，同时还包括猜测词义和主旨大意等题
2、。3、中招考点：对文章的细节理解与推理归纳。略读、跳读、预测、理解、猜测词义、推理判断、逻辑关系、作者意图等都是阅读中应该注意的方法细节，也是中考阅读理解的考点。4、学情分析：1 重视句子层面的理解，大量的词汇讲解、句型分析、翻译，忽视了语篇结构的分析，只见树而不见林。2 不能从文章出发去把握细节解决实际问题，易主观臆断。阅读方向单一，不能多元化。略读、跳读、预测、理解、猜测词义、推理判断、逻辑关系、作者意图等都是阅读中应该注意的方法细节，也是中考阅读理解的考点。二、复习目标1 通过对中考阅读理解细节分析与推理归纳弄清它所主要考察的几个方面。2 根据所学知识题解决实际问题。三、评价任务1、针对
3、目标 1，通过教师引领讲解 2014， 2015 年中考试题阅读 A ,B 部分，学生总结归纳解题方法；2、针对目标 2，学生通过练习，提高其解决问题的实际能力。四、教学过程复习目标 1教学活动 评价要点要点归纳1 通过对中考阅读理解 A篇的复习目标一1 通过对中考阅读理解 A 篇的细节分析弄清它所主要考察的几个方面。2 根据所学知识题解决实际问题。复习指导一1.复习内容：细节理解与推理。通过教师引领讲解2014， 2015 年中考试事实细节型1 解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决细节分析弄清它所主要考察的几个方面。2 根据所学知识题解决实际问题。2.复习要求：明白 做题要领3.复
4、习方法：教师引领讲解，学生总结。4.复习时间：8 分钟【课前预习】课前思考：你知道应该运用哪些技巧来解决相应的题目吗？_2014 中考阅读理解细节分析A 篇为记叙文，208 字46. What did the writer see in the village?A. Chains B. Elephants C. CagesD. Farmers解析：细节理解题。根据第一段 He found that these huge elephants were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg. No chains(锁链)， n
5、o cages.故选 B 项。47. Why do the elephants never try up to break free from the ropes?A. Because they think they can not.B. Because they are too old to do it.C. Because they like their living places.D. Because they get on well with the trainer.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 As they grow up, they still believe they
6、cannot break away. They believe the rope can hold them, so they never try to break free.”故选A48. How did the man feel after he heard what the trainer said?A. Moved B. Surprised C. Angry D. Nervous解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句 How could it be? 可以推测出作者一定感觉很惊讶。49. Which of the following is the missing part in the l
7、ast paragraph?A. Failing is part of learning.B. We should be different from others.C. Helping animals is helping ourselves.D. Traveling always makes people relaxed.解析：推理判断题。运用代入法可知，顺承上一句 just because we failed at it once before。可以推测此句为“失败是学习的一部分，在生活中我们不该放弃挣扎/奋斗。 ”2015 中考阅读理解细节分析A 篇为记叙文47. Why did th
8、e king call all his falconers together?A. Because he wanted to get more falcons.题阅读A，学生总结归纳解题方法；不能主观臆断。2 文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案3 提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。. 推理判断型：1 推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。2 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。3
9、以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点） ，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给B. Because he wanted the other falcon to fly.C. Because he wanted them to see his falcons.D. Because he wanted to know more about falcons.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 The king called all his falconers together and ordered them to try every way they could to make the
10、other falcon fly. 故选 B48. Who finally made the other falcon fly in the skyA. The king B. The kings son C. The farmer D. The best falconer解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句He sent for a farmer into his palace to train it at once. 和第四段 the king saw the other falcon flying above in the sky. 可以推测出是C. The farmer 训练猎鹰飞翔。
11、49. How did the king feel when he saw the other falcon fly in the sky?A. Excited. B. Moved. C. Worried. D. Relaxed.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段 he shouted可以推测出国王的兴奋。50. What is the best title for this test?A. The Wise King B. The Nice FalconsC. The Best Falconer D. The Flying Wings解析：主旨大意题。根据文章可知 The Flying Wings
12、 作为标题一语双关。复习检测一：Hello, everyone. Because of the high rate (比率)of school violence (暴力) in some areas, teenagers safety becomes a serious problem. We are planning to set up an organization named School Watch to make sure that students have a safe school environment. Please be part of our plan!What is
13、School Watch?School Watch is a volunteer project in our school. It helps us stop violence and improve the quality of school life. It will keep yourself and your schoolmates safe. The other members of School Watch care for you and your classroom, and you do the same for them.Is it for everyone?Anybod
14、y can become a member of School Watch because everyone has something to offer.What else can it do?School Watch makes it possible for us not only to help each other but also to make friends with each 予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。A 篇解题总结：因此有关 A 篇阅读理解题目主要有以下两种:命 题 类1 事实细节型 2 推 理 判 断 型other. Some members may offer t
15、o help the schoolmates who have problems with their homework.Who is the School Watch?Our school will look for the best School Watcher and give him or her lots of prizes. You could be the one!How do you start? To be part of this plan, the only thing you need to do is to talk to the director of the pl
16、an in your grade. You can check the official website at if you want to get more information. 1 School Watch can help its members_. A. save the environmentB. go to school on timeC. improve the quality of school lifeD. organize the sports activities2.The members of School Watch are probably_.A. teena
17、gers B. doctorsC. parents D. policemen3. Anyone can become a member of School Watch because _.A. everyone may have problemsB. everyone can give help to othersC. everyone doesnt go to schoolD. everyone isnt busy4. The best School Watcher will get a lot of prizes from_ every year.A. the website B. the
18、 schoolC. the parents D. the director5. If you want to become a member of School Watch, you should _.A. check the websiteB. talk to the director of the plan in your gradeC. be good at school work D. go to the police复习目标 2教学活动 评价要点要点归纳1 通过对中考阅读理解B 篇的细节分析弄清它所主要考察的几个方面。2 根据所学知识题解决实际问题。复习指导二1.复习内容： 主旨大意
19、题 及词义猜测。2.复习要求：明白 做题要领3.复习方法：教师讲解。4.复习时间：5 分钟B 篇为说明文 201451. What does the word “varied” in the Paragraph Two mean in Chinese?A. 变化 B. 排列 C. 调整 D. 减少解析：猜测词义题。根据 The number of students varied from six to 40 or more.可知该词意思为“变化”52. Students in the late 19th century could learn_?A. reading, writing, spo
20、rts, history, and science.B. reading, art, arithmetic, history, and geographyC. reading, writing, arithmetic, history, and geographyD. reading, physics, chemistry, history, and geography解析：细节理解题。根据第二段 In the 19th and early 20th centuries 及 The teacher usually taught reading, writing, arithmetic, his
21、tory, and geography.很容易知道 C 项正确。53.Which of the following best shows what a one-room schoolhouse was like in the late 19th century?54. Some kids go to Honeoye Falls to _.A. try the food in the late 19th century B. learn the subjects over a century ago C. memorized and retell their lessons they have
22、learn D. experience the way children learned over a century ago解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句learn the way children learned more than a hundred years ago.可知选 D 项。55. Which of the following is TRUE about the students in a one-room schoolhouse？A. They had only one teacher.B. They had different classrooms.C. They
23、could choose the seats they liked.D. They learned more subjects than we do now.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段 A single 通过教师引领讲解2014， 2015 年中考试题阅读B，学生总结归纳解题方法；归纳总结：词义猜测型1 同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and 或 or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。2 反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive 等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。3 释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句
24、）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。4 情景推断法、代词替代法 等因此有关 B阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:主旨大意型事实细节型 词 义 猜 测 型推 理 判 断 型题型归纳总结1. 细节理解题。此类是阅读理解中的常teacher would typically(典型地) have students in the first through eighth grades,可知 A 正确。根据 most American students went to a one-room schoolhouse 可知 B 错误。根据 The youngest children sat in
25、 the front, while the oldest students sat in the back.可知C 错误。根据 The teacher usually taught reading, writing, arithmetic, history, and geography.可知 D 错误。2015 B 篇的说明文51. Where did the first house cats come from?A. Asia. B. Africa. C. Europe. D. America. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句This is understandable because
26、 the first house cats came from Africa.可知该答案为 B52. When did cats start to live with people?A. About 4,000 years ago. B. About 5,000 years agoC. About 6,000 years ago D. About 7,000 years ago解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Around 5,000 years ago, cats started to live with people.可知 B 项正确。但是因为第二段第一句 Cats first star
27、ted to live around people in Egypt about 6,0007,000 years ago. 很容易让人看不到 Egypt 这个词而误选 C 或者 D53. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?A. Cats started to move around the world from China.B. Cats get food at night to save energy like wild cats.C. Cats have a little common with their wil
28、d relatives.D. Cats were accepted and brought to Europe by Romans.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句After the Romans came to Egypt, they also accepted the cats and brought them to Europe.可知选 D 项。而其它选项中都有各种错误。如：A 选项中应为 Eygpt; B 选项中应为 sleep a lot; C 选项中应为 a lot.54. What does the underlined word “tame” mean in Chinese?
29、A. 驱散 B. 捕捉 C. 驯化 D. 引进解析：猜测词义题。根据 People tamed cats 见题型，占40%左右。多出现在记叙文和应用文中，尤其以记人或记事为主的记叙文更加常见。考查的细节多为：when, where, who, what, why, how 等。2. 推理判断题。此类也是阅读理解中的常见题型，随着阅读理解题目难度增加，占 50%左右，已经成为主流题型3. 主旨大意题。此类是阅读理解中的常见的题目类型，旨在考查考生对全文的整体把握能力，即能够概括出整个语篇的主旨大意。4. 词义猜测题。此类是选择型阅读理解中的常见题型，它并非考查考生的词汇量，而是考查考生能否理解某
30、个单词或词组在特定语境下的具体含义。做题方法小结1. 对于细节理解题，一定要认真审题，理解题干。在文中找出相应的答案后，一定要有所标示，to catch mice and protect the grains. However, cats dont like to be told what to do 可知该词意思为“驯化” 。 55. What does the text mainly about?A. The development of house cats.B. Different cats in different countries.C. The relationship betw
31、een cats and people.D. The differences between house cats and wild cats.解析：推理判断题。通读可知，本文主要是描述了家猫的发展演变过程，故选 A。复习检测二：13 年福建省南平 )Even a child knows that nodding(点头) the head means“ Yes“. But some people will probably be puzzled( 迷惑的)when they first come to India. When they talk to an Indian, he often s
32、hakes his head. They might think that the Indian does not like what he said, but on the contrary, he is expressing agreement.The phrase“ on the contrary“ means_.A. 正相反 B. 总之 C. 与之相同 D. 在另一方面2. (14 延安)“How much is a dish of plain ice cream?” he asked. In this story “plain” means in Chinese.A平原 B普通 C朴
33、素 D清楚3.(12,江西) Now we didnt know what to do. It was just too late. We were busy with Christmas dinner and packing childrens presents, parents presents. a brothers present and friends presents till midnight. So there was no time to take to buy the “right bike“ for our little girl. Thinking that we we
34、re parents who would make their child unhappy, we felt guilty and sad. The word “guilty“ in the third paragraph means _. A. unhappy B. worried C. happy D. sorry 4.(14,湖北)One evening last July, my old car broke down on a highway. It was an hour before sunset, and I was 25 miles from home. I couldnt r
35、each anyone to pick me up, so I decided to take a bus.In the first paragraph, “pick.up“ best means 并前再后各读一个句子，如出现转折类的词一定要再斟酌答案，不要想当然，匆匆决断。2. 对于推理类型的题，一定要从文章的整体意图出发考虑。特别是说明文题材的文章，不能从我们自身经验出发。注意细节和主题之间的关系。3. 主旨大意类题型的四个选项中一般有三个干扰项，它们是单纯的细节，与主题关系不大。正确选项一般是贯穿文章始终的细节，并能通过它反应主题，或者就是文章所想展示的哲理。4. 词义猜测常用的方法是通过上下文给出的解释或者近义词、反义词推断，或者用构词法推断。_. A. take hold of and lift B. choose carefully C. give someone a ride. D. hear or learnHomework 1 Review the exercises2 Learn the methods by heart3 Learn to apply them skillfully
