1、Period 3 Grammar1.掌握重要词汇,如 look down upon, refer to 的用法。2.理解主谓一致的概念,掌握主谓一致的基本原则、分类和用法。1.通过对教材 P88 的阅读,掌握主谓一致的基本规则和用法。2.通过本章节的学习,在具体语言环境中掌握主谓一致并学以致用。重点短语 1. 蔑视;瞧不起 2. 查阅;参考;谈到 重点语法 主谓一致自我核对重点短语:1.look down upon / on 2.refer to选择适当的词填空1.Neither you nor your sister (has / have) been working hard. 2.Fif
2、teen percent of the students (is / are) absent today. 3.One thousand dollars (is / are ) a lot of money to such a little child. 4.Your brother, as well as his friends, (is / are) very kind to us. 5.What he said (is / are) reasonable. 6.The class (is / are) the best in the school. 7.News ( is / are)
3、indispensable to our life. 8.The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them (was / were) not. 9.The singer and dancer (is / are) welcomed warmly by the local people. 10.No teacher and no student ( is / are) listening to the lecture. 【答案】1.has 2.are 3.is 4.is 5.is 6.is 7.is8.were 9.is 10.is
4、1.look down upon 阅读下列句子,注意 look down upon 的意思及用法。She looks down upon people whove never been to university.她瞧不起没上过大学的人。 You cant look down upon a person because he is poor.你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。 通过观察以上句子,我们发现 look down upon 意思是“ ”。 【答案】蔑视;瞧不起look on sb / sth as 把某人/物看作look on 袖手旁观look into sth 调查或审查某事物look
5、 up 查阅(单词、资料);向上看look (sb) up and down 上下打量(某人)look out for sb / sth 警惕或留心某人 / 物look forward to 盼望look through 浏览;快速查看.完成句子(1) He was (被人看不起) because he was born in a poor family. (2) He is ( 被认为是) the leading authority on the subject. (3) If you want to know how a word is used, it in a dictionary.
6、(4) The old couple miss their son very much.They are (盼望) his return. (5)Please be patient.The police will (调查) the accident as soon as possible. 【答案】(1)looked down upon (2) looked on as (3)look; up (4)looking forward to (5) look into.单项填空I dont any student even if he often fails his exams. A.look u
7、p to B.look upC.look down D.look down upon【答案与解析】D 句意:我不会瞧不起任何一个学生,即使他经常考试不及格。look down upon“瞧不起”。2.refer to 阅读下列句子,注意 refer to 的意思及用法。These books refer to Asian problems.这些书涉及亚洲问题。 She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.当我们谈话时,她以为我指的是她的女儿。 Please refer to the dictionary if
8、 you dont know how to pronounce the word.如果你不知道这个单词如何发音,请查字典。 通过观察以上句子,我们发现 refer to 意为“ ”。 【答案】指的是;涉及;查阅get down to 着手做keep to 遵守take to 开始从事;沉湎于turn to 求助于lead to 导致 ;引起 ;通向stick to 坚持prefer sth to sth 喜欢某事物而不喜欢其他事物完成句子(1)Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was (指的是) . (2)H
9、e gave the speech ( 没有参阅) his notes. (3)He likes to ( 被称为) “Doctor Khee”. 【答案】(1)referring to (2)without referring to (3)be referred to as主谓一致一、主谓一致的概念及基本原则所谓主谓一致就是指在句子中,谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致。主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致。语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。My child has
10、no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子不想与我一起度假。My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。2.意义一致。意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数时,谓语动词用复数。The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers.唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师们。The majorit
11、y of primary school teachers are women.大多数小学老师是女的。主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数时,谓语动词用单数。No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。3.就近一致。就近一致原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the
12、dining room.餐厅中央有一张方桌和几把椅子。Either your students or William knows this.不是你的学生就是威廉知道这件事。二、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由 and, both.and 连接的两个名词或代词作主语时 ,如果表示的人或物是不同的,或表示其他不同的观念时,谓语动词用复数形式。如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时,谓语动词用单数形式。Mary and her sister are interested in playing chess.玛丽和她的妹妹对下棋感兴趣。The peasant and writer is making a s
13、peech in the meeting room.那位农民作家正在会议室里演讲。2.两个作主语的名词或代词由 or, not only.but also., either.or., neither.nor.等连接时,谓语动词应遵循就近一致原则,与后面那个主语的人称和数保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher hasnt come.学生们和老师都没来。Either he or I am wrong.不是他错就是我错。3.由 and 连接两个表示单数概念的名词作主语,其主语由 every, each, no 等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。E
14、very boy and every girl was given a ticket.每个男孩和女孩都得到了一张票。Each hour and each minute is precious.每一小时每一分钟都是宝贵的。4.当主语是单数的时候,即使其后有 with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, like, besides, but, except, in addition to 等词引导的短语 ,谓语动词仍用单数形式。The manager together with some workers is visiting
15、a foreign factory.经理和一些工人在参观一家外国工厂。My mother as well as my father has a key to the office.我的母亲和我的父亲都有办公室的钥匙。三、单一名词作主语时的主谓一致1.有些学科名词如 physics, maths, politics 等在形式上虽然是复数形式,但其实质意义表示单数概念。它们作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。Physics is my favorite subject.物理是我最喜爱的学科。2.动名词、不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,从句作主语时也用单数形式。Learning English is n
16、ot very difficult as long as you work hard.只要你努力学习 ,学英语不是很难。To do experiment is a good way to find out answers to questions.做实验是找出问题答案的好办法。3.有些集体名词如 class, family, team 等既可以表示单数,又可以表示复数。这类集体名词作主语时,如果它们所表示的人或物是作一个整体来理解,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作为若干个体来理解,则谓语动词用复数形式。Jacks family is a big one.杰克的家庭是个大家庭。My family ar
17、e watching TV.我的家人在看电视。四、其他情况的主谓一致1.“the +形容词”表一类人或物 ,当它表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,当它表示个别的或抽象的概念时谓语动词用单数形式。The sick are taken good care of in this hospital.病人们在这家医院得到很好的照顾。The beautiful is loved by everyone.美的东西人人喜爱。2.在“one of +复数名词或代词+动词”这样的结构中,谓语动词用单数形式。One of the men doctors is visiting the patient.其中一位男医生
18、正在看望那个病人。3.none of 后面如果连的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;如果后面接的是复数名词,则谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数。None of my friends have / has arrived yet.我的朋友们都还没有到达。 4.number of 前加 a 表示“ 许多的;大量的”,其后接复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。number of 前加 the 表示数量、数目,其后接复数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。A number of scientists are invited to attend the conference.许多科学家获邀参加这次会议。The num
19、ber of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller now.现在野生动物的数量正在变得越来越小。5.在“there be +并列主语” 这一句型中,一般情况下谓语动词的选择遵循就近一致原则,与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致。There is a book and two pens on the desk.课桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。6.“many a / more than one +单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。“more than two (three.) +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为“两个( 三个)以上”。M
20、any a boy is playing basketball on the playground.许多男孩在操场上打篮球。More than two children are naughty in my class.在我班,不止两个孩子很淘气。7.主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。Two miles is too far for the old man.两英里对这位老人来说太远了。Three years has passed.三年过去了。8.定语从句中的关系代词作主语,谓语动词的数由先行词的数决定;若先行词是“one of +复数名词”,用复数形
21、式,若是“the only one of +复数名词”,用单数形式。I, who am old, have never seen such a thing.我虽年老了,却从未见过这样的事。He is one of the students who come from England.他是来自英国的学生之一。He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.他是我们班唯一英语说得好的男生。9.“a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a large quantity of +名词”作主
22、语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致,但“(large / huge)quantities / amounts of +名词” 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。A large quantity of people need our help.许多人需要我们的帮助。Quantities of clothes have been bought for the children.已经为孩子们买了大量的衣服。用所给词的适当形式完成句子(1)The public ( be) the best judge because the public always (express) their thoughts co
23、rrectly. (2)Mr Smith together with his wife and two daughters ( be) going to visit China next week. (3)None of these books (be) easy enough for us. (4)Ten dollars ( be) what he wanted most at that moment. (5)Canada is the only one of the countries that (have) good supply of fresh water.(6)The rich (
24、be) not always happy. (7)Our team ( be) all playing very hard during the whole match. (8)A cart and horse (be ) seen in the distance. (9)Large quantities of oil (be ) found under the ground in that area. (10)The number of students in the university (rise) by 6% every year. 【答案】(1)is; express (2)is (
25、3) are / is (4) was (5) has ( 6)are (7)were (8) was (9) are ( 10)rises选词填空enjoy; refer; be; support; know; hold; have; cover; watch; look1.The man that Tom often to is to hand out the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. 2.In the year 2012 the Olympic Games in London. 3.Stories of the Long
26、 March popular with the young people. 4. either of your parents come to see you recently? 5.The whole family TV attentively at the moment. 6.Seventy-five percent of the earths surface with water. 7.Neither my classmates nor my teacher down upon the poor students. 8.Many a student something about Abraham Lincoln. 9.Every one, men and women, old and young sports and games. 10.Nobody but Jane her best friend. 【答案】1.refers 2.were held 3.are 4.Has 5.are watching 6.is covered 7.looks 8.knows 9.enjoys10.supports / supported温馨贴士本课时的核心部分为“主谓一致” ,知识要点图解如下 :
