1、名师导航三点剖析单词典句 考点【巧记提示】believe(相信) achieve(达到),相信人人可以达到自己的目标。【经典例句】By hard working we can achieve anything.只要我们努力,任何事情都能成功。Can you achieve the work?你能完成工作吗?【考点聚焦】1)achieve+ 名词。如 :He went back to London without having achieved any success.他一无所成地回到了伦敦。2)achieve+代词 ,表示“ 取得(成就、成果等) 。如:Did you achieve all
2、that you expected to today?今天你得到自己想得到的东西了吗?3)派生词:achievable adj.能完成的 ,能达到的;achievement n.成就;功绩。当 achievement 作“成就;业绩”解时是可数名词 ;作“完成; 实现”解时,是不可数名词。后缀 -ment 附在动词或动词词根后构成名词,类似的词还有 movemovement,equipequipment,judgejudg(e)ment,shipshipment 等。4)同义词:accomplish 完成(任务等)5)achieve 的常见搭配:achieve success 获得成功;ach
3、ieve victory 取得胜利;achieve ones aim 实现目标;achieve a good result 得到好的结果;achieve ones goal 实现某人的目标【活学活用】1.完成下列句子1)At last the men _(获得成功).2)We hope that they will _(得到好的结果). 答案:1)achieved success 2) achieve a good result【巧记提示】connect( 连接)-ion ( 名词后缀)【经典例句】Is there a connection between the sun and the se
4、asons?太阳与季节之间有联系吗?She is English but has American connections.她是英国人,但有美国亲戚。【考点聚焦】1)connection 作“有关系的人;亲戚; 顾客”讲时,是可数名词。2)connection 意为“连接”时为不可数名词。3)同根词:connected adj. 联接的; 有关系的;connective adj.连接的; 连合的;connecting n.连接;管接头。4)近义词:association 联合,relation 关系; 亲戚5)与 connection 有关的词组:have connection with “与
5、有关系”;in connection with “与有关;关于”6)名词后缀-ion 构成名词的词有 :actaction;communicatecommunication;correctcorrection;operateoperation;instructinstruction;translatetranslation【活学活用】 2.写出下列动词的名词形式1)act 2)communicate 3)correct 4)operate 5)translate 答案:1)action 2) communication 3)correction 4)operation 5)translatio
6、n 【巧记提示】be(是)+have(有)【经典例句】The child behaved badly at the party. 那孩子在聚会上的表现很差。Behave (yourself)!好好的。 【考点聚焦】1)behave 多作不及物动词,不接宾语。如:He behaved with great courage in the battle.他在这次战斗中表现得非常勇敢。2)behave 作为“表现得有礼貌; 规规矩矩”讲时,有时可和反身代词连用。如:I told them to behave themselves.我告诉他们要有礼貌。3)派生词:behavio(u)r n.举止;行为
7、;表现4)同根词:misbehave v.使行为不端;misbehavio(u)r n.不良行为【活学活用】 3.选择Mr.Carey asked if Tom had _ properly at the party.A.behaved B.appearedC.presented D.achieved 答案:A【巧记提示】 worth(值的)+while(消磨),值得消磨时间的事情。【经典例句】 It is worthwhile to visit the museum.参观这个博物馆是值得的。【考点聚焦】 1) worthwhile 可用作表语。如:The visit to the Palac
8、e Museum is worthwhile.参观故宫是值得做的。2)worthwhile 可用作定语。如:My brother has a worthwhile job.我的弟弟有一件值得做的工作。3)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.值得做某件事情。如: It is worthwhile using/to use waste materials.废物值得利用。 4)worthwhile,worth 和 worthy 用法的不同:worthwhile adj. 值得,指花时间、精力、金钱等去做某事是值得的。如:It is worthwhile to read
9、the book.= It is worthwhile reading the book.=Reading the book is worthwhile.这本书值得一读。worth 表示“价值”时,后接价值数量词; 当表示“值得”时 ,后接名词、代词或动名词(不能接不定式),常用 well 修饰,不用 very。如: This laptop is worth 10 000 yuan and it is well worth buying.这台笔记本电脑值 10 000 元,很值得买。worthy 表示“有价值的;可尊敬的 ”时,常作定语;表示“值得”时,常作表语,结构为 worthy of s
10、th.。如:It is a worthy cause and worthy of our hardworking.这是一份高尚的事业,值得我们努力。worthy 后面还可接动名词或不定式 ,结构分别是 worthy of being done 和 worthy to be done。如:The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered.这次事件值得纪念。【活学活用】4.选择It is _ to see the book again and again.A.worth B.wor
11、thyC.worthwhile D.valuable 答案:C【巧记提示】ob-(对,向)+serve(服务),对服务质量进行观察。 【经典例句】We should strictly observe the discipline.我们应该严格遵守纪律。He was observed to enter the office.有人观察到他进了办公室。【考点聚焦】1) observe+ 宾语 +宾语补足语(不带 to 的不定式/动词的-ing 形式) 。如:The policeman observed the man open the window.警察看到那个人打开了窗户。The policema
12、n observed the man trying to force the lock of the door.警察看到那人企图弄开门锁。2)如果 observe 用于被动结构,再加带 to 的不定式。如:They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank.他们被注意着进了银行。3)observe+从句。如:The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his sister.这个男孩注意着汤姆和他姐姐之间所发生的事。4)请注意 observe,watch,see,notice 用法
13、的区别:observe 相当于 watch carefully,指从不同的角度长时间地看并研究,尤其用于实验或研究等场合,如 observe the stars(观察星星),observe the behavior of birds(观察鸟类的习性)等;watch 意为“看;观看,特别留意、感兴趣地看运动着的东西”。如 watch TV(看电视),watch a game(观看比赛)等;see 指“看到;看见”; 强调看的结果,有意或无意地看到;notice 指“看到;注意到;觉察到”;偶尔看到细小的但可能是重要的。【活学活用】 5.正(T)误(F) 判断The girl was observ
14、ed leave the building.答案:T【巧记提示】re-(回)+spect(看),回头看看表敬意。【经典例句】We should respect the dead and the wounded in that war.我们应该尊敬在那次战争中牺牲和受伤的人们。 【考点聚焦】1) respect 作动词时,常用名词或代词作宾语。如:We should respect each other.我们应该互相尊重。2)respect 作名词“尊敬;尊重”讲时,是不可数名词。常用的词组有:hold in (great) respect 很尊敬;in respect of 关于;in res
15、pect to 关于;pay ones respects to 去访问(某人)表示敬意;with respect to 至于;关于 ;without respect to/of 不管3)其形容词 respectable,respectful 与 respective 的区别:respectable 指“值得尊敬的”。如: This is a respectable household.这一家人值得尊敬。respectful 表示 “尊敬的;恭敬的”。如: I wish you would be more respectful to your father.我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。respec
16、tive 指“ 各自的;分别的”。如: The classes went to their respective rooms.各班都回到了各自的教室。4)表示“ 尊敬”时,respect 和 honour,regard 的区别:respect 正式用语 ,指对父母、年长者、正直的人、学者、法律、秘密等的尊敬或敬重。如:He respects his teachers.他尊敬老师。honour 非常尊敬(respect highly),指对君主、长辈、父母、贵人、德高望重之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。如:He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。reg
17、ard 指对父母、他人的感情,对法律、安息日等的尊敬。如:We all regard our English teacher highly.我们都很尊敬我们的英语老师。【活学活用】 6.翻译句子我们必须尊重读者的需要。 _.答案:We must respect the needs of readers.【巧记提示】value(价值) argue(争论),有价值的争论。【经典例句】He argued us into helping him.他说服我们帮助他。【考点聚焦】 1) argue with sb.about/over sth. 因为和争辩,如: They are arguing with
18、 the officials over foreign policies.他们正就外交政策与官员们进行辩论。2)argue+that 从句 ,如:We argued that we should be paid more.我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。3)argue+sb.to be.说明,如: The way he spends money argues him to be rich/that he is rich.他花钱的方式说明他很富有。4)argue for/against 提出理由支持/ 反对。如:He argued against the use of animals in
19、this experiment.他反对用动物做这个实验。5)派生词:argument n .论点 ;争论; 论据;arguable adj.有商榷余地的;可辩驳的; 可论证的【活学活用】 .改错My brother argued for visiting the girl because he didnt like her.答案:foragainst【巧记提示】entertain(娱乐)+ment(名词后缀) 【经典例句】There were music,games and dancing for our entertainment.有音乐、游戏和舞蹈供我们娱乐。【考点聚焦】 1)entert
20、ainment 作为“款待”,是不可数名词。如 :That hotel is famous for its good entertainment.这家宾馆因为它好的款待而出名。2)entertainment 作为“娱乐”,指具体的事物时,是可数名词。如 :This is a serious novel,not an entertainment.这是一本严肃的小说,不是消遣读物。3)entertainment 作为“娱乐活动”的总称,是不可数名词。如 :Theres plenty of entertainment here.这儿有大量的娱乐活动。4)与 entertainment 相关的词组 :
21、provide entertainment for.为提供娱乐;give an entertainment to sb.招待某人【活学活用】 8.写出下列动词的名词形式1)achieve_ 2)move_3)argue_ 4)judge_答案:1)achievement 2)movement 3)argument 4)judgment【巧记提示】 in(在里面)+spire(尖顶)。【经典例句】 We are all inspired by the heroic deeds of Dr Bethune.白求恩的英雄事迹使我们大家深受鼓舞。What he has done inspires ev
22、eryone.他做的事情感动了所有的人。【考点聚焦】 1)inspire sb.to do sth.鼓舞某人做某事。如: He inspired me to try again.他鼓励我再试一次。2)inspire sb.with sth.激发某人某方面。如: The news inspired me with hope.这条新闻激发了我的希望。3)派生词:inspiration n.灵感,启发; 鼓舞人的事或人;inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;inspire adj.受到鼓舞的4)inspiring 和 inspired 的区别:inspiring 含有主动或进行的含义;inspi
23、red 含有被动的含义。如 :The students were all inspired by the inspiring song.学生们都被这首振奋人心的歌曲所鼓舞。【活学活用】 9.翻译句子落叶触动了她的伤感。_答案:The falling(fallen) leaves inspired her with sadness.【巧记提示】 s+trike(三轮车),蛇(s)骑着三轮车去罢工。 【经典例句】 Strike the iron while it is hot.趁热打铁。The tourists were struck by the beauty of Hangzhou.游客被杭州
24、的美丽所打动。The workers are still on strike.工人们仍在罢工。An earthquake struck our city last year.去年的一次地震袭击了我们城市。【考点聚焦】 1) strike 还有其他用法:作为“ 敲;袭击; 击中;划火柴; 钟表打点”,是及物动词;作为“突然想起;某种想法突然出现;给人留下印象”时,也是及物动词。如: I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.我划着一根火柴伸到他的烟上。An idea suddenly struck me.我忽然心生一计。2)strike 的过去式
25、是 struck,过去分词是 struck 或 stricken,现在分词是 striking。3)派生词:striker n. 罢工者;打击者;striking adj. 惹人注目的; 打击的 4)strike 和 beat,hit,tap 用法的区别:strike 侧重“打;击;攻击;袭击”等; beat 侧重“(用棍、棒等连续)打;击”;hit 侧重“打;击;击中(仅只一次的击) ”;tap 侧重“(连续)轻拍;轻打;轻扣” 。【巧记提示】 ex+plain(清楚的), 使事情变得清楚【经典例句】 He asked me to explain why I was late.他让我解释迟到
26、的理由。【考点聚焦】 1)explain 常接名词或代词作宾语。如 :Please explain this rule to me.请给我解释一下这个规则。2)explain 后接从句作宾语。如 :He explained to me how the machine should be operated.他向我解释如何操作这台机器。3)explain+疑问词+to do。如: Please explain (to me) where to begin and how to do it.请向我解释从哪儿开始,如何做这件事。4)explain 也可用作不及物动词。如 :I dont underst
27、and it.Tom will explain.我不懂,汤姆会解释的。5)派生词:explanation n.解释 【活学活用】 10.选择His teacher wanted to _ happened to the little girl.A.explain us whatB.explain us thatC.explain to us whatD.explain to us that 答案:C【巧记提示】de(使)+liver( 生活者),使生活的人们发表演说【经典例句】She is going to deliver her first baby.她要生第一个孩子。My job is delivering newspapers.我的工作是送报纸。【考点聚焦】 1)相关短语:deliver from 从中解救出来,使摆脱deliver over(up)to 移交,交给2)派生词:delivery n.投递;送货; 分娩3)deliver 作“生(小孩) ”解时与 bear 的区别: deliver 指“助产”,如:She was delivered of a healthy boy.她生下一个健康的男孩儿。bear 作“ 生育”解时是及物动词,如:She bore (has borne) six children.她生了六个孩子。