1、 非谓语动词专项练习2016.3 非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing 分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。1.非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语（主语）补足语 定语 插入语（独立成分）现在分词 V-ing 形式 动名词 不定式（ to do） 过去分词（done） 注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things wor
2、se (更糟的是)，not to mention(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)2.非谓语动词的变化形式构成语态非谓语形式 时态 主动 被动 复合结构 否定式一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing /完成式 to have done to have been done不定 式完成进行式to have been doing /for sb. to do sth. 或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加 not或 never一般式 doing being d
3、one动名词 完成式 having done having been donesb.或 sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加 not特别 注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done现在分词 与动名词变化形式相同 在前加 not（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. bein
4、g weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing【解析】容易误选 B 或 C，将其当成谓语看待。under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds 用作 children 的定语。动词 weigh 与名词 children 是主动关系，所以选择 weighing。_ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选 A 或 C 项。这是祈使句 +and+陈述句的
5、句型。答案 B。（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it 充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。it 作形式主语使用动名词的句型It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste
6、 of time)It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚
7、持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃 /避反对）keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）（三）非谓语作表语的重点不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么” ；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样” 。 Our plan is to keep the aff
8、air secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。如： T
9、his dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。 （说明狗的特征）This dog is frightened.这条狗有些害怕。 （说明狗的心理状态）Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a days climbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。 （tiring 说明 climbing 的特征，tired 说明我们的状态）注意：在下列句中，非谓语动词具体的语法功能What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the
10、sales.他想建议的是降价促销。 （不定式作表语，说明主语“是什么” ）My American teacher is to leave China soon.我的美国老师即将离开中国。 （不定式作表语，表示将来）Her work is taking care of the children.她的工作是照顾小孩。 （现在分词作表语，说明主语“是什么” ）She is taking care of the children.她在照料小孩。 （构成进行时，说明主语正在执行的动作）The cup is broken.杯子碎了。 （过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态）The cup was broke
11、n by Peter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。 （构成被动语态，说明主语是动作的承受者）（四）非谓语作宾语补足语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语 与宾语的逻辑关系 与谓语动作的时间关系不定式 主动关系在谓语动词后发生不带 to 的不定式表示动作的全过程现在分词 主动关系 同时进行过去分词 被动关系 动作已经完成或表示状态When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. （主动进行）I saw him go to the cinema.（主动，全过程）We heard her singing next door.（主动进行）We heard the song
12、sung by her next door. （被动完成）We heard the song being sung next door. （被动进行）2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +宾语+不定式作宾语补足语advise/allow/permit/forbid +动名词作宾语时（五
13、）非谓语作定语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系分类 形式 与被修饰词的逻辑关系 与谓语动作的时间关系动宾关系 在谓语动作后发生to do “the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系 在谓语动作前或者后发生不定式to be done 被动关系 在谓语动作后发生doing 主动关系 与谓语动作同时进行现在分词 being done 被动关系 与谓语动作同时进行在谓语动作之前发生过去分词 done 被动关系 存在的状态或情况It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.这是练习你的口语的好机会。He was
14、the last one to leave the office. 他是最后一个离开办公室的。The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.（将要建的）The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.（正
15、在建的）The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.（已经建成的）I like reading books written by Lu Xun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。2.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢。（六）非谓语作状语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语 与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系 与谓语动作的时间关系doing（一般式）作状语 主动关系 （几乎）与谓语动作同时进行having done（完成式）作状语 主动关系 先于谓语动作发生having been done（完成被动式）作状语 被动关系 先于谓
16、语动作发生done（过去分词）作状语 被动关系 已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful.Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library, we were then taken to see the laborato
17、ry.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked (=When he was locked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.2.tooto, enough to do, only to等结构表示结果 The boy is too young to join the navy.这男孩太小参不了海军。The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people
18、. 这厅大得足以容纳一千人。They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet 他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. 真题再现：1. _(face) with a bill for $ 10,000, John has taken an extra job. 2.He hurried to the booking office only _（tell
19、）that all the tickets had been sold out. 3. _（convince ）that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. 4. After he became conscious , he remembered _(attack) and_(hit)on the head with a rod. 5. Isnt it time you got down to _ (mar
20、k ) the papers? 6. I dont know whether you happen_(hear) it, but I am going to study in the United States this September. 7. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ (launch) at the end of last March. 8. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ (t
21、rain) for a space flight. 9. _ (say) that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. 10. She wants her paintings _ (display) in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. 11. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ (water) every day. 12. I feel greatly hono
22、red _(welcome) into their society. 13. _(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. 14. _ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. 15.I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt ment
23、ion _(promote) when we talked on the phone. 16. _(show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. 17. _ (fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. 18. He was busy writing a story, only _(stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette. 1
24、9. If we have illegal immigrants _(come) in, many local workers will lose their jobs. 20. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ (help) reduce unemployment pressures. 21. The government pla
25、ns to bring in new laws _ (force) parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. 22. There is a great deal of evidence _ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain. 23.In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _(stick) abroad due to the volcani
26、c ash cloud. 24. Dina,_(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. 25. I have a lot of readings _(complete) before the end of this term. 26. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _(lay) for a meal to be cooked. 27
27、In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small, is pleasant _(deal with). 28. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _(weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 【答案及解析】1. Faced: 面对 1 万美元的账单，约翰找了份额外的工作。Faced with a bill for $ 10,000，是过去分词作原因状语，相当
28、于(As he was) faced with a bill for $ 10,000, John has taken an extra job. 固定结构 be faced with(面对) 。2. to be told: 他匆匆忙忙去预售票办公室，仅被告知票已售完。only+to do sth 不定式作结果状语。he 与 tell 是被动关系，故用 only to be told 。only 放在不定式前面，常表示不愉快或出乎人们的意料的结果。又如：She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday. 她到达那里，被告知他
29、们度假去了。3. Convinced: 人们相信政府能带领他们走出金融危机，所以他们对国家的未来很乐观。sb. be convinced that意为“ 某人被说服；某人相信”，为固定搭配。句中 convinced 以及其后的从句作状语，相当于：As people are convinced that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, 4. having been attacked/being attacked; hit：remember+doing/having done sth.记得做过了某事。强调 atta
30、ck 在 became 之前做了，且是被动。5. marking：get down to doing sth.开始做某事，to 是介词。6. to have heard：我不知道你是否已碰巧听见，但今年九月我准备去美国读书了。固定搭配 happen to do sth. 不定式动词 hear 在 know之前已经发生，故用 to have heard。句子分析：主(I )+ 谓动(dont know)+ 宾从( whether you happen to have heard it)，but(并列连词, 连接两个分句) Im going to study in the USA this Sep
31、tember.7. having been launched：这个国家已经发射了三艘无人驾驶飞船，最近一艘是在去年三月底。此题考查独立主格结构。因为已经发射了所以要用完成时态，而逗号后面没有连词连接句子，所以逗号后面的成份要用非谓语，飞船是被发射。8. to be trained：send sb to do sth 派/让 sb 做 sth，train 和主语 he 是被动关系所以用被动语态。9. Having said：say 先于 think 完成，say 与 I 是主动关系。10. displayed：want sth. done 结构。paintings 被 displayed（展示）
32、 。11. watered：unless watered every day=unless they(the flowers) are watered。12. to be welcomed：注意结构 feel/be honored to do sth.很荣幸去做某事，I 被 welcome，故用被动结构。13. Having waited：强调 wait 在 realize 之前一直在做， wait 与 the old man 是主动关系。14. Search：搜索一下你们城市的消防部门网站，你对灭火知识就会了解很多。祈使句，连词 and 连接前后两个并列句。又如：Use your head,
33、 and youll find a way.15. having been promoted：我听说他们已经提拔了汤姆，但是当我们（我和汤姆）在电话里交谈时，他没有提到已经被提拔/晋升（这件事） 。固定搭配 mention doing sth，意思是 “提到/ 提及做过某事” ， 没有 mention to do sth 短语。he 和 promote 之间为被动关系，所以必须用被动结构 being done，且 be promoted 这个动作当时已经发生，所以用其完成形式 having been done 即 having been promoted。16. Having been sho
34、wn：在被领着参观了水立方之后我们被带去参观鸟巢。参观水立方是在参观鸟巢之前，所以应该用现在分词的完成式，也就是 having done 的形式，既要体现完成 having done，又要体现被动 be done ，所以合在一起就构成了分词的完成被动式having been done 指的是先前已经被做的事。17. Having failed：由于打给他们的电话无法接通，我们转而发送了一份邮件。fail 先于 send 完成，也就是 Since we had failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.18. stop
35、ping：他忙于写一个故事，只是偶尔停下来吸根烟。此题考查非谓语动词做伴随状语。可转成and he only stopped once in a while to smoke a cigarette.伴随状语一般可以转成一个独立分句。19. coming：如果我们让非法移民（不断/ 持续）涌入，很多本地工人将会失业。此题考查 have 作为使役动词的用法。现在分词coming 做使役动词 have 的宾语补足语时，一则表明宾语（ illegal immigrants）和宾补动词 come 的主动关系，二则表明宾补动词所表示的动作持续进行。20. to help：句子结构是 Schools ar
36、e expected to hire graduates to help reduce unemployment pressures. “to help”是目的状语，almost three times the number hired last year 是插入语。21. forcing：政府计划引入新的法律，(新的法律)迫使家长承担更多起其孩子教育的责任。此题考查非谓语动词做后置定语的用法，可转成new laws that force parents to。如果采用不定式 to force，则理解成“政府计划引入新的法律以迫使家长承担更多起其孩子教育的责任。 ”根据句意， “迫使家长承担更
37、多孩子教育的责任”的逻辑主语应该是 laws，而不是 the government。22. indicating：有大量证据表明，音乐可以使大脑不同部分都参与到活动中。Indicating that music是后置定语，可转成定语从句evidence which indicates that music23.stuck：由于火山灰的原因，四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。remain 用作连系动词，接过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。这里 stuck 意思是被困，因此要用被动的形式，过去分词。24.Having struggled：迪娜，在挣扎了几个月仍旧找不到一份
38、饭店服务员的工作之后，终于接受被聘为附近的一家广告公司的职员。现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前已完成，从语境我们知道迪娜“找一份饭店服务员的工作” 在 took 之前已结束，故用现在分词的完成式。25. to complete：在这个学期结束之前，我还有很多阅读材料需要完成。句型 sb have/has/had something to do,固定搭配。主语是 I，是“I“去完成，所以要用主动形式。如果说是 readings 做主语：A lot of readings have to be completed.这样才能用被动。也可以说 complete 前省略了 for me：I
39、 have a lot of readings for me to complete before the end of this term. 又如：I have much homework to do./I have an apple to eat.26.laid：客厅又干净又整洁，餐桌已经放好了，准备放做好的的饭菜。此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，含有被动的意思。laid 为lay 过去分词，含有 “被放置”之意。27.to deal with：在很多人看来，那个公司虽然小，和他们做起生意来倒也很愉快。is pleasant to do表示“做是令人愉快的” ，于是在 A 和 C 之间选择。
40、is pleasant to deal with 是用来修饰 that company 的，当不定式与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系时，则用主动表被动，句子中的意思是“公司被处理” ，所以不选 C28.weighing：交通法规规定，4 岁以下并且少于 40 磅的小孩必须坐在儿童安全座位上。under the age of four and weighing less than 40 pounds 是两个并列定语，修饰 children。 weigh 表示“重达” 概念时，用主动形式且直接加重量：The child weighs less than 40 pounds. 因此，作为非谓语定语修饰 children 时用 weighing。
