1、专题九 特殊句式特殊句式主要包括强调句、祈使句、省略句和倒装句等。该部分内容的考查立意较低。其中倒装句在语法填空试题中的命题点主要表现为:直接考查倒装的形式,即系动词 be、助动词 do/have 和情态动词的各种形式;间接考查倒装的条件,如:so,only 的前置等。考点一倒装句1 Is everyone here? Not yet. Look,there ( come) the rest of our guests! 试题分析 come 本句是“there+ 移动动词+主语”形成的全部倒装结构,句子的主语是表示复数意义的 the rest of our guests,故填 come。2 w
2、hen you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others. 试题分析 Only 句意:只有当你内心感觉平和时,你才能与别人保持良好的关系。根据 will you keep good relationships with others 可知,此句运用了倒装结构, 只有填 only 才符合“only 修饰状语位于句首时倒装”的条件,故填 Only。【考点归纳】 倒装句的使用规则表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如 here,there,then,in,up,down,off,away,in th
3、e room,on the wall 等置于句首, 谓语动词多为be,come,go 等,并且主语是名词时(主语为代词时 ,不能倒装)全部倒装 表语置于句首,为保持句子平衡 ,或表示强调 ,或使上下文衔接需倒装,结构为 :表语+系动词+主语only 所修饰的词、短语或从句位于句首作状语时,主句部分要倒装( only 修饰主语时,不倒装)含有否定意义的副词或词组,如 never,seldom,little,hardly,by no means,not until 等,位于句首时需要倒装hardlywhen, no soonerthan,not onlybut (also)等引导两个分句时,若 h
4、ardly,no sooner,not only 位于句首,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变so/neither/nor 置于句首,意为“ 也”或“也不”, 表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时so/suchthat句型中,当“such+ n.”或“so+ adj./adv.”位于句首时,主句部分倒装,that 从句不倒装though/as 引导让步状语从句时通常用倒装结构,其结构为: 名词/形容词 /副词/动词+though/as+主谓结构部分倒装当 if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有 had,were 或 should 时, 如将 if 省略 ,则要将 had,were 或 shou
5、ld 提到主语之前【技巧点拨】倒装句的三个命题点倒装的测试点主要集中在三个方面:运用倒装的条件考查如何倒装,如结合时态填写 do/have 的各种变化;运用倒装的结果考查倒装的条件,如填写 so/such,only 这些倒装的条件词;运用倒装的条件考查主谓一致,尤其是各种全部倒装形式。考点二强调句3 It was the culture,rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 试题分析 that 句意:是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。本句是强调结构,
6、根据强调结构的基本构成“It is/wasthat/who”可知填 that。【考点归纳】 强调句的使用规则陈述句:It is/was that/who(强调除谓语以外的成分 )一般疑问句:Is/Was itthat/who?特殊疑问句:疑问词 +is/was it that/who?强调句“notuntil”的强调句:It is/was not untilthat(注意时态)强调谓语动词do/does/did+动词原形(只用于肯定句 ,并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时)考点三省略4 If (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform
7、the police at once. 试题分析 asked 考查句子的省略。句意 :如果有人让你照看行李, 请马上通知警察。在 if 引导的从句中,如果从句的主要动词是 be,常将主语和 be 省略。本题的完整表达方式是 If you are asked。5 2018全国卷语法填空 (节选) Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide” 试题分析 fee
8、ding 考查句子的省略。此处是 while 引导的省略句,feed 的主语是前面的 China,属于主谓关系,故用现在分词。【考点归纳】 省略的使用规则状语从句的省略在时间、让步、方式、地点等状语从句中,如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是 it,而且状语从句的谓语中有 be 动词,可以将从句中的主语连同 be 动词一起省略。不定式的省略 a.不定式作动词 expect,refuse,mean,like,love,prefer,wish,hope,want 等的宾语时, 常承前省略不定式后的内容,但保留不定式符号 to。b.当不定式在形容词 glad,happy,pleased,
9、delighted,anxious 等后作状语时,to 后的内容常承前省略。注意:如果不定式中含有 be,have,have been,通常保留 be,have,have been。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. 我请他去看电影,但他不想去。He hasnt finished the work.Well, he ought to have. “他还没有完成工作。”“哦,他早该完成了。”考点四其他特殊句式6 2016全国卷语法填空 (节选) whatever it is, (make) sure its a relief fr
10、om daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 试题分析 make 句意: 无论是什么样的事 ,务必确保它是一种日常压力的释放,而非另一件令人担忧的事情。分析句式可知,此句的主句部分是祈使句,故用动词原形 make。7 a strange plant! Ive never seen it before. 试题分析 What 句意:多么奇怪的植物啊! 我以前从没见过。此处为“What+a/an+ adj.+n.+it is/was.”的省略结构,故填 What。【考点归纳】 特殊句式的使用规则祈使句的固定句式a.祈使句+and+
11、简单句,表示 “如果就”b.祈使句+or/otherwise+简单句,表示 “否则”c.名词词组(多含有 more,another)+and+简单句,表示 “如果再就”感叹句的固定句式a.What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!= How+形容词+a/an+单词名词+主语+谓语!b.What+(形容词 )+不可数名词/复数名词 +主语+谓语! c.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! d.How+主语+谓语!反意疑问句祈使句的反意疑问句 a.肯定的祈使句,反意疑问句用 will you/wont you?b.否定的祈使句,反意疑问句用 will you? 误区警示误区之一:强调句型与其
12、他句式的误用谨记以下与强调句型可能混淆的句式:It be+时间段+since自从 以来。Its more than half a century since my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. It be+时间点+when当的时候 ,是 。It was not yet eight oclock when he arrived home. It be+时间段+before多久之后才;不久之后就 。It was some time before the door opened in response
13、 to his ring.误区之二:祈使句和分词作状语的误用8 (compare ) America with China,and youll find some great culture differences. 试题分析 Compare 句意:比较中美两国,你就会发现一些巨大的文化差异。根据 and youll find可知,此句是 “祈使句+and+简单句”结构,故祈使句部分用动词原形 compare。此题易受句式影响而误填 Comparing。9 (compare ) America with China,you may find some great culture differe
14、nces. 试题分析 Comparing 句意:比较中美两国,你或许会发现一些巨大的文化差异。分析句式可知 ,此句是分词作状语,逻辑主语 you 与 compare 之间是主动关系,故用现在分词 comparing 作状语。此题易受句式影响而误填 Compare。2016全国卷 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 1. (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most im
15、portant tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2. (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3. (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 4. our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5. possible before lunch
16、. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 6. (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7. (regular) . Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8. while, exercising, or doing
17、 something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9. (bring ) your work home. It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 10. ( make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. .单句语法填
18、空1. Always (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 2. Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours they make a decision. 3. Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized. 4. when Lily walked into th
19、e office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 5. Call me tomorrow Ill let you know the result. 6. Was because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry? 7. Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problems. 8. Not until he went through real har
20、dship he realize the love we have for our families is important. 9. exciting news it was that our class won first prize in the English Contest! We lived up to our teachers expectations in the end. 10. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again. 11. Every day (read) a proverb aloud
21、 several times until you have it memorized. 12. Never did occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. 13. Among the crises that humans face (be) the lack of natural resources. 14. Read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 15. The li
22、ttle boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. dangerous a scene it was! .语篇语法填空Saint Patricks Day is a major holiday in Ireland, but the rest of the world has influenced its celebration as much as the Irish 16. (they). Most Americans think of Saint Patricks Day as a big party 17.
23、 (centre) around drinking alcohol. But its 18. ( origin) in Ireland were religious, says Mike Cronin, a professor of Irish history with Boston College of Massachusetts. Saint Patrick lived in Ireland more than 2,000 years ago. He is 19. (wide) considered to have established Christianity in the count
24、ry. The Church decided to honour him with a holy day. March 17th, the date of his death, 20. (choose) in the 17th century. St. Patrick is believed 21. (serve) in Ireland as a Catholic Bishop (主教) . The average Irish person honoured March 17th quietly.22. (attend) church services was the main activit
25、y. In fact, most businesses that served alcohol would close in honour 23. the day. In the early 1900s, Irelands government made St. Patricks Day 24. official holiday. By the 1960s, towns across Ireland started celebrating the holiday with parades and music. In Ireland today, St. Patricks Day is a fo
26、ur-day public celebration 25. includes parades, music, food, and games. 专题九 特殊句式真题典例【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了我们在遇到工作压力的时候应该怎样做才能提高效率并减轻工作压力。1.greater 考查比较级。此处是一种并列关系,结合后面的 less importance 的形式可知, 填其比较级形式。2.achievement 考查名词。根据空格前面的介词 of 可知,此处使用名词形式, 作介词的宾语。3.is 考查主谓一致。本句是动名词作主语,因此谓语动词使用单数形式。4.on 考查介词。此处是一
27、个固定词组 focus on“关注”。很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。5.as 考查连词。此处是一个“asas possible”的固定结构, 因此填 as。6.studies 考查名词。本句的谓语动词是 show,故主语应用复数名词 studies。7.regularly 考查副词。修饰动词短语 take short breaks 使用副词形式。8.a 考查冠词。此处是一个固定结构 for a while,意为“一会儿”。9.to bring 考查不定式。此处是一个固定词组 be likely to do sth “有可能做某事”。10.make 考查时态。此处是一个祈使
28、句,因此使用动词原形。模拟演练.单句语法填空1.keep 句意:一直要记住, 你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。主句部分是祈使句,故填动词原形keep。2.did 句意:他们就这个问题讨论了几个小时后才做出了决定。only 修饰 after 引导的时间状语, 且位于句首时,句子需采用部分倒装,根据语境可知填 did。3.that 句意:巴赫于 1750 年去世,但是直到 19 世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。本题考查强调句型,被强调部分是时间状语 not until the early 19th century,根据强调句型的结构“It is/wasthat”可知填 that。4.Only
29、句意:直到莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。根据主句用的部分倒装语序可知,此句是 “only+状语从句”位于句首时的倒装句,故填 Only。5.and 句意:明天给我打电话, 我会告诉你结果。本句是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构,根据句意可知前后分句之间是并列关系,故填 and。 6.it 句意:史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到了吗?本句是强调句的一般疑问句结构,根据“Is/Was itthat/who?”可知填 it。7.or 句意:在关闭所有程序之前不要关电脑,否则你可能会遇到问题。本句是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构,根据句意可知前后分句之间是转折关系,故填 o
30、r。 8.did 句意:直到他经历了真正的艰难之后,他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是很重要的。not until 位于句首时主句部分用倒装结构,根据 he went through real hardship 可知, 时态为一般过去时,故填did。9.What 句意:我们班在英语竞赛中得了一等奖,这是多么令人兴奋的消息啊!我们终于没有辜负老师的期望。此句是“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”形式的感叹句, 故填 What。10.will 句意:只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉时,我才会再次跟他说话。当“only+状语”放在句首时,主句用部分倒装。when 引导的时间状语从句是一般现在时,主句需要用一
31、般将来时, 故填 will。11.read 句意:每天大声读几遍谚语直到你记住为止。本句为祈使句, 故填动词原形 read。12.it 句意:迈克尔从来没想过有一天他会成为班上的尖子生。固定句式: It occurred to sb that某人突然想到。13.is 句意:自然资源的缺乏是人类面临的危机之一。此句是一个倒装句, 主语 the lack of natural resources 是单数形式,故填 is。14.and 句意:读读这个故事, 你就会明白不是所有的东西都可以用钱买到。此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句式,根据句意可知前后分句之间是并列关系,故填 and。15.Ho
32、w 句意:那个小男孩骑着自行车沿着高速公路飞奔而来。多么危险的一幕啊! 此处是“How+形容词+a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语!”结构,故填 How。 .语篇语法填空【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了圣帕特里克节的起源和发展变化。16.themselves 考查反身代词。句意:世界上其他地方的人对圣帕特里克节的庆祝方式的影响和爱尔兰人本身对它的影响一样大。该空在句中作 the Irish 的同位语,故填反身代词 themselves。17.centred 考查非谓语动词。句意:大部分美国人将圣帕特里克节看作是一个以喝酒为中心活动的大聚会。around drinking alcohol
33、是定语,修饰 a big party。a big party 和 centre 之间是被动关系,故填过去分词 centred 作定语。be centred around/on 以 为中心。18.origins 考查名词。句意:但是它在爱尔兰的起源和宗教有关。空处在句中作主语, 且根据谓语动词 were 可知填名词复数 origins。19.widely 考查副词。句意:人们普遍认为他在爱尔兰建立了基督教。修饰动词要用副词, 故填widely 表示“广泛地,普遍地”。20.was chosen 考查时态和被动语态。句意:他去世的那一天,3 月 17 日,在 17 世纪被选为圣日。该空在句中作谓语
34、,主语 March 17th 和 choose 之间是被动关系,且该句介绍的是 17 世纪的事情,故用一般过去时的被动语态 was chosen。21.to have served 考查固定句型。句意:St. Patrick 在爱尔兰被认为担任过天主教主教。be believed to have done sth 是一个固定句式,意为“被认为做了某事”。22.Attending 考查动名词。句意:参加礼拜仪式是主要的活动。作主语用动名词, 故填 Attending。23.of 考查固定短语。句意:实际上,大部分卖酒的商家那天都会停业来纪念这一天。in honour of是一个固定短语,意为“为了纪念,为了向表示敬意”。24.an 考查冠词。句意:在 20 世纪早期,爱尔兰政府使得圣帕特里克节成为一个官方的节日。holiday 是可数名词,该处指“一个官方的节日”,所以用不定冠词表示泛指,且 official 的发音开头是元音音素,故填 an。25.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:今天,在爱尔兰, 圣帕特里克节是一个为期四天的庆祝活动, 这些活动包括游行、音乐、食物、游戏等。从句是定语从句,修饰 a four-day public celebration,引导词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句。
