1、江苏省南通第一中学 2018-2019 学年度第一学期第一次阶段考试第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节：语法和词汇知识（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.- We had really wet November this year.- I cant remember autumn when it rained so much.A. 不填 B. 不填; theC. the; an D. a; an【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：今年我们过了一个非常潮湿的十一月。
2、我不记得以前有这么多雨的秋天。第一空指一个潮湿的秋天，用 a.第二空表示“一个” ，autumn 开头是元音音标，用 an.故选 D.2.These years, Chinas agriculture has been developing steadily, thus light industry with ample raw materials.A. to provide B. providesC. providing D. provided【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，中国农业稳步发展，为轻工业提供了充足的原材料。句中主语 Chinas agriculture
3、和动词 provide 是主动关系，此处做结果状语用动词-ing 形式，故选 C.3.- Im still working on my project.- Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is .A. running out B. giving outC. using up D. losing out【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我还在做我的项目。哦,你即将错过最后期限了。时间不多了。A. running out 用完，耗完；B. giving out 分发，发表；C. using up用完；D. losing out 输掉，失败。表示“
4、用完” ，run out 的主语是物，use up 的主语是人。此处主语是 Time 用 run out，是进行时表将来。故选 A.4.- What does the model plane look like?- Well the wings of the plane are of its body.A. more than the length twice B. twice more than the lengthC. more than twice the length D. more twice than the length【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查倍数的表达：句意：-这个模型
5、飞机是什么样？-飞机的翅膀是身体的两倍多。使用：倍数+the +名词+of，这个结构，more than 是修饰倍数的，放在前面，选 C。考点：考查倍数的表达5.- Johnson is said to be the first young teacher professor in your university this year.- Exactly. of his own competence is an important factor in his success.A. promoted; Convinced B. to have been promoted; ConvincedC.
6、promoted; Being convinced D. to have been promoted; Being convinced【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。第一空前的名词 teacher 被 the first 修饰，一般只能用不定式作定语，排除 A 和 C。第二空作主语，故要用动名词短语，be convinced of sth.“对有信心” 。句意：约翰逊据说是今年你们大学晋级教授的第一位年轻教师。真的。他对自己竞争力的确信是他成功的一个重要因素。故选 D。6.The singers flight was due to bad weather, resulting in
7、 the show .A. put out; to be canceled B. put aside; to be canceledC. put off; being canceled D. put away; being canceled【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语及非谓语动词 。句意，由于坏的天气，这位歌手的飞机被延期了，导致了演出被取消。put out 灭火 put off 延期，故第一个空用 put off；第二个空，表示正在进行，且 cancel 与其逻辑主语“the show”之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动式，故选 C 项。考点考查动词短语及非谓语动词:7.With
8、 your help, there is no doubt our plan is meant for will work out successfully.A. what; that B. whether; thatC. that; whether D. that; what【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在你的帮助下，毫无疑问，我们的计划意味着这个问题将被成功解决。there is no doubt 后是一个同位语从句，doubt 用在否定句中，从句用 that引导；_ our plan is meant for 是同位语从句中的主语从句，缺少 for 的宾语，用what
9、引导。故选 D.【点睛】There is no doubt that 是一个固定句式，意思是“毫无疑问” ，that 引导的是同位语从句。doubt 的用法还有have no doubt that , there is some/much/little doubt 等。doubt 还可以后接宾语从句。如：There is no doubt that he is an honest man. I have no doubt that you will succeed. 注意：不管是在同位语从句中还是在宾语从句中，在否定句中，doubt 后面接 that 从句，而在肯定句中，通常接 whether
10、 引导的从句。如：There is no doubt that he will agree with us. There is some doubt whether he will come to this activity tomorrow.8. to the gift was a note on which he expressed his gratitude for our reception during his stay here.A. Being attached B. AttachingC. Attached D. having attached【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓
11、语动词。句意：礼物上附着一张纸条，在上面他对在这里受到的接待表示感谢。句中 a note 和动词 attach 是被动关系，此句是被动语态，是倒装结构，正常结构是 a note was attached to the gift,过去分词放在了句首。故选 C.9.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A. that B. oneC. him D. it【答案】D【解
12、析】【详解】考查代词。句意：如果你正在看最喜欢的电视节目，有人走进来，一声不吭就关掉电视，你会怎么想?It 作形式宾语，指代 if 后面的句子，would like 后缺少宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当。故选 D.【点睛】一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如 In fact, I still find it hard to make good friends with her.it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是：动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。如：I think it is convenient to co
13、me at two. 我认为两点钟来较适合。Even now I find it hard to believe her story. 即使现在我发现仍相信她的话。I find it difficult to talk to you. 我觉得同你谈话很难。10.It is widely believed that China has been into a more prosperous and advanced country in the last century.A. transformed B. transferredC. shifted D. transmitted【答案】A【解析】
14、【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，在上个世纪，中国已经变成了一个更加繁荣和发达的国家。A. transformed 转换；B. transferred 转换，转移；C. shifted 移动，转移；D. transmitted 传输，传播。transfer,与 transform 都有转换的意思 ，transfer 指的是转换工作,学习,搬迁等外在的改变，而物体自身并没有变。而 transform 是指物体本身的改变 。shift 表示变动时，多指位置、方向、及方式的改变。此处指国家本身的改变，故选 A.11.The pregnant woman worker tried to to
15、the manager that laying her off was unfair.A. point out B. pointC. point to D. point at【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：那位怀孕的女工试图向经理指出解雇她是不公平的。A. point out 指出，指明；B. point 指向；C. point to 指向，表明；D. point at 指向，指示。句中 to the manager 可以省略，表示“指出” ，故选 A.12.If you my advice, you how to solve the problem now.A. had t
16、aken; would have known B. had taken; would knowC. took; would have known D. took; would know【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你当时听了我的劝告，你现在就知道如何解决这个问题了。此处是虚拟语气，if 从句表示与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时。主句表示与现在的事实相反，用 would/should/could/might+动词原形。故选 B.【点睛】虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，要区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I h
17、ad worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。此处从句指过去的事实，如果当初努力学习，主句和现在事实相反，指现在就是工程师了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句现在事实是他不认识她，主句与过去事实相反，指他没去问候。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been rain
18、ing too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。从句与过去相反指今年下雨很多，主句与现在情况相反指庄稼没有长好。13.On hearing the news, she rushed out without hesitation, her handbag on the sofa and in the distance.A. left; lied; disappeared B. leaving; lying; disappearedC. leaving; laying; disappearing D
19、. left; lying; disappearing【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：听到这个消息，她毫不犹豫地冲了出去，把手提包落在沙发上，消失在远方。句中 she 和动词 leave 是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing 形式，handbag 和 lie 是主动关系，表示动作正在进行，用 lying. and 连接句中的并列谓语，和rushed 一致，也用过去式 disappeared.故选 B.14.People nowadays are very about the problems with environmental pollution.A. concerne
20、d; concerned B. concerning; concernedC. concerning; concerning D. concerned; concerning【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：现在人们非常关心和环境污染有关的问题。第一空表示“关心”，是动词短语 be concerned about,第二空表示“有关的” ，用形容词 concerned 作定语。故选 A.15.- May I take your order now?- .A. Yes, my affairs are in order B. Yes, Id like a dish of beefC. No
21、, it isnt my order D. No, I dont subscribe to it【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：现在可以点菜了吗?是的，我想要一盘牛肉。此对话发生在饭店点菜时，故选 B.第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Human growth is a process of experimentation, trial, and error eventually leading to wisdom. Each t
22、ime you choose to trust yourself and take action, you can never quite be certain how the situation will _16_ .Sometimes you are victorious, and sometimes you become disappointed. The_17_ experiments, however, are no less valuable than the experiments that finally prove successful; in fact, you_18_ l
23、earn more from your “failures” than you do from your _19_ . If you have made what you think to be a mistake or failed to live up to your own _20_ , you will most likely put up a barrier between your essence and the part of you that is the alleged (声称的) wrong-doer.However, viewing past actions as _21
24、_ implies guilt and blame, and it is not possible to learn anything meaningful while you are engaged in blaming. _22_ , forgiveness is required when you are severely judging yourself. Forgiveness is the act of erasing an_23_ debt. There are four kinds of forgiveness.The first is beginner forgiveness
25、 for yourself. The second kind of forgiveness is beginner forgiveness for another.The third kind of forgiveness is _24_ forgiveness of yourself. This is for serious misbehaviors, the ones you carry with deep _25_ . When you do something that violates your own values and principles, you create a gap
26、between your standards and your actual _26_ .In such a case, you need to work very hard at _27_yourself for these deeds so that you can close this gap. This does not _28_ that you should rush to forgive yourself or shouldnt feel regret, _29_taking pleasure in these feelings for a prolonged（延长）period
27、 of time is not healthy.The _30_and perhaps most difficult one of the advanced forgiveness of another. At some time of our life, you may have been severely wronged or hurt by another person to such a degree that forgiveness seems _31_ .However, harboring（心怀）anger and revenge fantasies only keeps you
28、 _32_ in victimhood. （受害状态）. Under such a circumstance, you should force yourself to see the bigger picture. By doing do, you will be able to_33_ the focus away from the anger and resentment. It is only through forgiveness that you can erase wrongdoing and _34_ the memory. When you can _35_ release
29、the situation, you may come to see it as a necessary part of your growth.16. A. turn up B. turn out C. break up D. break out17. A. important B. engaged C. failed D. successful18. A. obviously B. necessarily C. continuously D. usually19. A. success B. failure C. fault D. benefit20. A. ability B. expe
30、ctations C. belief D. experiences21. A. mistakes B. victories C. experiments D. fantasies22. A. Still B. Therefore C. Instead D. However23. A. abnormal B. original C. emotional D. unusual24. A. ordinary B. advanced C. alternative D. certain25. A. wisdom B. mercy C. injury D. shame26. A. thought B. a
31、pproach C. behavior D. purpose27. A. punishing B. forgiving C. blaming D. praising28. A. mean B. prove C. reflect D. represent29. A. and B. or C. but D. so30. A. uncertain B. previous C. next D. last31. A. unbelievable B. unavoidable C. impossible D. valuable32. A. trapped B. located C. lost D. occu
32、pied33. A. drive B. drag C. put D. shift34. A. keep B. refresh C. weaken D. clean35. A. naturally B. finally C. definitely D. initially【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. B【解析】人生充满了尝试与错误， ，一次失败不代表你就出局了，我们应该怀有一颗宽宥之心
33、，无论对人还是对己，犯错并不可怕，可怕的是不吸取教训弥补不足。【16 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. turn up 出现；B. turn out 发生，结果是；C. break up 打碎；D. break out 爆发。句意：每次你选择相信自己，开始采取行动时，你都不可能完全确定情况会如何发展。表示情况发生，故选 B.【17 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. important 主要的；B. engaged 忙碌的；C. failed 失败的；D. successful 成功的。此处指失败的实验比最终被证明是成功的实验更有价值，和成功的实验对比，指失败的实验。下文 learn more fro
34、m your “failures”给了提示，故选 C.【18 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. obviously 明显地；B. necessarily 必要地；C. continuously 继续地；D. usually 通常地。此处指你通常从失败里学到的比在成功里学到的更多，表示一般情况，故选 D.【19 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. success 成功；B. failure 失败；C. fault 错误；D. benefit 利益。此处指你从失败里学到的比在成功里学到的更多，和“failures”形成对比，故选 A.【20 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. ability 能力；B. expecta
35、tions 期望；C. belief 信念；D. experiences 经历。句意：如果你自责犯了一个错误或辜负了自己的期望，你将很可能在你成功和失败之间竖起一道屏障。此处指自己的期望，故选 B.【21 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. mistakes 错误；B. victories 胜利；C. experiments 实验；D. fantasies 梦想。句意：然而，把过去的行为看成错误意味着内疚和责备，当你在责备的时候，你不可能学到任何有意义的东西。表示把过去的行为看成错误，故选 A.【22 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. Still 仍旧；B. Therefore 因此；C. Instead
36、代替；D. However 然而。上句：当你在责备的时候，你不可能学到任何有意义的东西。下句：当你苛刻要求自己的时候，宽恕是必要的。上下句是因果关系，故选 B.【23 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. abnormal 反常的；B. original 原始的；C. emotional 情绪的；D. unusual 不寻常的。此处指宽恕是一种消除情感负担的行为，表示情感负担，故选 C.【24 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. ordinary 普通的；B. advanced 高级的，先进的；C. alternative 供选择的；D. certain 确定的。此处指第三种宽恕是对自己的高级宽恕，表示“高
37、级的” ，故选 B.【25 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. wisdom 智慧；B. mercy 仁慈；C. injury 伤害；D. shame 羞耻。此处指对自己的高级宽恕是最重要的，是随时记住的，当你深深地感到羞耻，违反了自己的价值观和伦理之间的鸿沟时，这是你自己的标准，你的实际行为，故选 D.【26 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. thought 思想；B. approach 方法；C. behavior 行为；D. purpose 目的。此处指当你深深地感到羞耻，违反了自己的价值观和伦理之间的鸿沟时，这是你自己的标准，你的实际行为。表示实际的行为，故选 C.【27 题详解】考查动词辨析。A.
38、 punishing 惩罚；B. forgiving 原谅；C. blaming 责备；D. praising赞扬。句意：在这种情况下，你要努力的原谅自己的行为以至于你能填满与最好的自己的鸿沟。指原谅自己，故选 B.【28 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. mean 意味着；B. prove 证明；C. reflect 反映；D. represent 代表。这并不意味着你应该急于原谅自己而不感到后悔或自责，表示意味着，故选 A.【29 题详解】考查连词辨析。A. and 和；B. or 或者；C. but 但是；D. so 所以。句意：这并不意味着你应该急于原谅自己而不感到后悔或自责，但是很长一段时
39、间总沉溺于这些感觉是没有意义的，惩罚自己过度只会给你和你的道德制造更大的隔阂。前后句表转折，故选 C.【30 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. uncertain 不确定的；B. previous 以前的；C. next 下一个的；D. last 最后的。句意：最后，比较难得就是再次被人原谅，故选 D.【31 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. unbelievable 难以置信的；B. unavoidable 不可避免的；C. impossible 不可能的；D. valuable 有价值的。有时候在我的生活中，你可能受到另一个人的严重伤害，这种伤害似乎是不可原谅的。指原谅是不可能的，故选 C.【32
40、 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. trapped 使陷入困境；B. located 处于；C. lost 失去的；D. occupied 已占用的。怀着怨恨和复仇幻想只让你一直成为受害者，指陷入受害状态，故选 A.【33 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. drive 开车；B. drag 拖；C. put 放；D. shift 转移。通过这样做你必须强迫自己看到更大的图景，你可以转移你的注意力，不至于沉溺于怒火和仇恨之中。表示转移注意力，故选 D.【34 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. keep 保持；B. refresh 更新；C. weaken 削弱；D. clean 清理。只有通过宽恕，你才能忘却过错
41、，清理那些不堪的记忆。表示清理记忆，故选 D.【35 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. naturally 自然地；B. finally 最后地；C. definitely 清楚地；D. initially 最初。当你终于可以释放时，你会认为这是你成长的必要的一部分。表示最后释放，故选 B.第三部分：阅读理解（共 15 题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOh, the places youll go!When it comes to habitat, human beings are creatures of ha
42、bit. It has been known for a long time that, whether his habitat is a village, a city or, for real globe-trotters (周游世界者), the planet itself, an individual person generally visits the same places regularly. The details, though, have been surprisingly obscure. Now, thanks to an analysis of data colle
43、cted from 40,000 smartphone users around the world, a new property of humanitys locomotive (移动的) habits has been revealed.It turns out that someones “location capacity”, the number of places which he or she visits regularly, remains constant over periods of months and years. What constitutes a “plac
44、e” depends on what distance between two places makes them separate. But analyzing movement patterns helps illuminate the distinction and the researchers found that the average location capacity was 25. If a new location does make its way into the set of places an individual tends to visit, an old on
45、e drops out in response. People do not, in other words, gather places like collector cards. Rather, they cycle through them. Their geographical behavior is limited and predictable, not fancy-free.The study demonstrating this, just published in Nature Human Behavior, does not offer any explanation fo
46、r the limited location capacity it measures. But a statistical analysis carried out by the authors shows that it cannot be explained solely by constraints on time. Some other factor is at work. One of the researchers draws an analogy. He suggests that peoples cognitive capacity limits the number of
47、places they can visit routinely, just as it limits the number of other people an individual can routinely socialize with. That socialization figure, about 150 for most people, is known as the Dunbar number, after its discoverer, Robin Dunbar.Lehmann says his group is now in search of similar data fr
48、om other primates (灵长目动物), in an attempt to work out where human patterns of mobility have their roots. For those, though, they will have to rely on old-fashioned methods of zoological observation unless they can work out a way to get chimpanzees to carry smartphones.36. The underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by .A. clear B. little knownC. accurate D. long forgotten37. How can the researchers get similar data from other primates?A. Observe the primates or let them carry smartphones.B. Work together with Robin Dunbar.C.
