1、Unit1 Friendship Period 3 Learning about Language语法专题课 直接引语和间接引语(),【课前热身】 阅读下面课文原句, 回答以下问题。 1. She said, “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty. ”,2. Father asked Anne why she had gone to
2、 bed so late the night before. (1)直接引述别人的原话, 叫_引语, 如_; 用自己 的话转述别人所说的话, 叫_引语, 如_。 (2)直接引语一般前后都要加_, 间接引语则不加。 (3)直接引语在多数情况下是_从句。,直接,1,间接,2,引号,宾语,【课堂诠解】直接引语转化为间接引语时常发生的一些变化及注意事项 . 间接引语中连接词及语序的变化,1. 陈述句 直接引语是陈述句, 变为间接引语时, 在多数情况下都构成一个由that引导的宾语从句, 引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时, 间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要有相应的变化。 He said
3、to me, “I like it very much. ” He told me _ _ _it very much.,that he liked,2. 一般疑问句 一般疑问句改为间接引语时, 要用陈述语序, 并要加连词if或whether, 主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, dont know等。句末不用问号。 “Do you know where she lives? ”he asked. He asked _ _ _where she lived.,if/whether I knew,3. 否定的一般疑问句和选择疑问句 当直接引语为否定的一般疑问句或选择
4、疑问句时, 用 whether. . . or连接。 “Dont you know my telephone number? ”she said to me. She asked me _I knew her telephone number _not.,whether,or,He asked, “Do you speak English or French? ” He asked me _I spoke English _French.,whether,or,4. 特殊疑问句 间接引语为特殊疑问句时, 间接引语前仍然用特殊疑 问词作为连词引导宾语从句, 注意从句必须用陈述语 序, 主句谓语动
5、词常用ask。 “Where are you going? ”the father asked his son. The father asked his son _ _ _ _.,where he was going,. 间接引语中人称代词和时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时, 间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。,1. 人称代词的变化 (1)“一随主”: 若直接引语中有第一人称, 变间接引 语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。 She said, “I have not heard from him since May. ” She
6、 said that _had not heard from him since May.,she,(2)“二随宾”: 若直接引语中有第二人称, 变间接引 语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。 “When did you go to bed last night? ”Father said to Peter. Father asked _when _had gone to bed the night before.,Peter,he,(3)“第三人称不更新”: 直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。 Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker. ” Mr Sm
7、ith said that _was a good worker.,Jack,2. 时态的变化,用所给词的适当形式填空。 John said that he _(like)reading storybooks. He told me that he _(find)his wallet. Mr Wang told the children that he _ (leave)for Shanghai on business the next month. She said that she _(finish)her work till that day.,liked,had found,would
8、 leave,hadnt finished,3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化,He said, “Im afraid I cant finish this work. ” He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish _ work. Tom said, “I will visit the Great Wall tomorrow. ” Tom said that he would visit the Great Wall _ _ _.,that,the,next/following day,Miss Zhao said, “These p
9、roblems are easy. ” Miss Zhao said that _problems were easy. Bob said, “His wife returned from London 40 years ago. ” Bob said that his wife had returned from London 40 years _.,those,before,He said to me, “I wrote to my friend yesterday. ” He told me that he had written to his friend _ _ _.,the,day
10、 before,. 直接引语和间接引语相互转换时的特殊用法 1. 当陈述句由直接引语变成间接引语时, 在以下几种情况下尽管陈述动词为过去式, 间接引语中动词时态形式却不必改变。 (1)当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯性动作以及格言等内容时。 The teacher said, “The earth is round. ” The teacher said that the earth _round.,is,(2)当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续 时。 “Im twenty, ”he said. He said he _twenty.,is,2. 引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时, 通
11、常用whether 或if引导, 而引述选择疑问句时, 通常只用whether引 导。 I asked him, “Will you take a bus or take a train? ” I asked him _he would take a bus or take a train.,whether,3. 如果在当地转述则here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go。如果在当天转述则yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。,【课堂小结】 直接引语变间接引语 1. 直接引语为陈述句。 去掉引号加that, 人称变化要灵活, 时态向后退一步, 状语变化按规则。,2. 直接引语为一般疑问句。 去掉引号加if(whether), 陈述语序要记住, 时态、人称和状语, 小心变化别马虎。 3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句。 直接去引号, 陈述莫忘掉, 小心助动词, 丢它最重要。,
