1、,Period Two Word Power & Grammar and Usage,高中英语选修9译林版,.Words： 1necklace n项链 2burden n负担，重担 3worm n蠕虫 4frequently adv.经常地，频繁地frequent adj.经常的 5shorten vt.& vi.(使)缩短short adj.短的,.Phrases： 1in general一般来说，大体上 2heart and soul 全心全意 3the key to. 的关键 4count on 依赖 5protect.from保护使免受 6suffer from遭受,Grammar 语
2、法精析：简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子类型按句子的结构可分三种。 1简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.,2并列句：由并列连词(and，but，or等)或分号(；)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。You help him and he helps you.The future is bright；the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从
3、句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,二、简单句的五种基本句型 1主语系动词表语：He is a student. 2主语不及物动词：We work. 3主语及物动词宾语：Henry bought a dictionary. 4主语及物动词双宾语(间接宾语直接宾语)：My father bought me a car. 5主语及物动词复合宾语(宾语宾补)：Tom made the baby laugh.,三、
4、并列句的分类并列句分为：联合并列句，转折并列句，选择并列句和因果并列句。Use your head，and youll find a way.I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.Either you leave this house or Ill call the police.It was late，so we went home.,在“祈使句and/or陈述句”结构中，当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，用
5、or。可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句，但必须将and或or去掉。 Hurry up，and well be there in time.if we hurry up，well be there in time.,1表示联合，连接两个同等概念，常用and，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，then等连接。The teachers name is Smith，and the students name is John. 2表示选择，常用的连词有or，either.or.，otherwise等。Hurry up，or youll miss the tra
6、in.,3表示转折，常用的连词有but，still，however，yet，while，when等。He was a little man with thick glasses，but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4表示因果关系，常用的连词有so，for，therefore等。August is the time of the year for rice harvest，so every day I work from dawn until dark.,四、主从复合句的应用在复合句中有名词
7、性从句，定语从句和状语从句三大类。 1名词性从句按照在句中的功能，名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。名词性从句中的特殊时态是高频考点也是易错点：,(1)在以下三种主语从句中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should动词原形”，should可省略。 AIt is形容词that.句型。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，funny，strange，surprising，astonishing(令人惊讶的)等。 BIt is名词that.句型。常见的名词有pity，shame，advice，suggestion，proposal(提议，建议)
8、，requirement，request，desire，order等。 CIt is动词的过去分词that.句型。常见的动词有advise，order，propose，request，suggest，demand，require等。,(2)在insist(坚持)，urge(催促)，order(命令)，command(命令)，suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，recommend(建议，推荐)，request(请求，要求)，demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省略。 (3)在含有advice，orde
9、r，demand，proposal(提议)，requirement，suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省略。,(4)在一些表示惊讶、意志等感情色彩的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”或“shouldhave done”，译为“竟然，居然”。 I am surprised/shocked that you should speak in such a way. I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum.,2定语从句定语从句中关系代词as的用
10、法、它与which的区别以及介词关系代词的用法是高频考点和难点。(1)当先行词为the same名词，such名词时，要用关系代词as引导定语从句。I want to buy the same shirt as yours.Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in Germany.,(2)as可指代主句的内容，引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。常用于下列句型：as is known to all，as is said，as is reported，as is announced，as we all kno
11、w，as I expect等。 He got the first place again in this midterm examination，as we expected.,(3)as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别 当主句和从句意义一致时，用as引导；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句；当非限制性定语从句为否定意义时，常用which引导，当表示“正如”时，用as。 He made a long speech，as we expected. He made a long speech，which was unexpected.,(4)引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词wh
12、ich”来代替。 October 1,1949 was the day on which(when) the new China was founded. (5)在“介词关系代词”结构中，关系代词只能用which和whom，且不能省略；如果介词在句末，关系代词可用which，that，whom，口语中也可用who，且可省略。 The man(whom/who/that) you were talking about proves to be friendly.,3状语从句状语从句的高频考点如下：(1)在复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词时态一般遵循以下的规律：表示“同时”意义的连词as，when，
13、while等连接的时间状语从句，主句和从句时态基本一致。As time passed，things seemed to get worse.,表示“将来”意义的条件、时间和让步状语从句中多用一般现在时，而主句用一般将来时，被称为“主将从现”。 Tom wont go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story. Once I get him a job，hell be fine. since引导的时间状语从句多用一般过去时，而主句通常用现在完成时。 I havent met her since I left university.,在句式hardl
14、y/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 She had hardly sat down when the phone rang. 在as if/though引导的状语从句中，如果表示一种与事实相反的假设，从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。 She stared at me as though I were a complete stranger.,(2)状语从句的省略 当从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，被动结构的状语从句，可省略与主句相同的主语和助动词，保留连词过去分词；主动结构的状语从句，可省略与主句相同的主语和助动词，保留连词现
15、在分词。 We all know that，if not carefully dealt with，the situation will get worse. Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university.,(3)状语从句与其它相似结构的辨析 It is/was被强调的时间状语that其它句子成分，其特点是去掉It is/was和that 原句仍然成立。 It was at midnight that we got home. It is/was时间when从句表示“当发生时，时间是”。 It was la
16、te when the doctor arrived.,It will be/was时间段before句子，表示“要过才会发生某事”或“过了发生了某事”。 It will be years before we find a cure for cancer. It is/has beensince句子，表示“自从以来，时间过了”。 Its three years since I last saw her.,(4)并列复合句 并列复合句是并列句和复合句在同一个句子中存在的句式，也就是三分句关系。 Although he studied very hard，he failed in the exam
17、，but we still respected him. The proverb is very old and it comes from the old days when people all worked on farms. We saw several natives advancing towards our party，and one of them came up to us，to whom we gave some bells and glasses.,五、高考考点探讨 1简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子
18、成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。 2祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。,3高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and，but，or，while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。 4各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间状语从句与条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般时表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：We will go
19、outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,即时跟踪 .用适当的连词填空 1He couldnt know the truth about me，_ he wouldnt treat me like this. 2The bell is ringing _ the lesson is over. 3Although he was ill，_ he kept on working. 4I cant make up my mind _ we will go to Shanghai _ we will stay in our city.,5He doesnt talk mu
20、ch，_ he thinks a lot. 6It must have rained last night _ the ground is still wet. 7The president will visit the town in May _ he will open the new hospital. 8Jane was dressed in green _ Mary was dressed in blue. 9_ he did not speak distinctly _ I did not hear it clearly. 10He is clever，_，he often mak
21、es mistakes.,11_ did we write to her _ we called her up. 12He hasnt any money _ Im going to lend him some. 13The child was sick；he，_，didnt go to school. 14Mary was neither happy，_ was she sad. 15Put on more clothes，_ youll catch a cold. 答案 1.or 2.and 3.still/yet 4.when；or 5.but 6for 7.when 8.while 9
22、.Either；or 10.however 11Not only；but 12.so 13.therefore 14.nor 15.or,.单项填空 1Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man，also intelligent，fails.(2013课标，32)Asince Bif Cas Dwhile答案 D 句意：没办法知道为什么有人能够有重大发现，而有的人同样聪明，却不能。本题考查连词。A：由于，表原因；B：如果，是否；C：随着；D：而，表对比关系。故答案为D项。,2I
23、was glad to meet Jenny again，_ I didnt want to spend all day with her.(2013课标，3)Abut Band Cso Dor答案 A 句意：很高兴又见到Jenny了，但是我不想花一整天的时间和她在一起。本题考查并列连词。根据句意，前后分句之间存在转折关系，故应使用转折连词but；and表示递进和承接关系；so表示因果关系；or表示选择关系。,3Its not easy to change habits，_ with awareness and selfcontrol，it is possible.(2013重庆，23)Afo
24、r Bor Cbut Dso答案 C 句意：改变习惯不容易，但是如果有改变的意识和自控力，(改变习惯)是有可能的。本题考查并列句。上下文构成转折关系，故选C项。,4Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs，_ you could have problems.(2013北京，22)Aor Band Cbut Dso答案 A 句意：不要在关闭所有程序之前就把电脑关机，否则你可能会有问题。本题考查并列句。or否则；and并且；but但是；so所以。根据句意应选择A项。,5Read this story，_ you will real
25、ize that not everything can be bought with money.(2013四川，4)Aor Band Cbut Dso答案 B 句意：读这个故事，你会意识到并非所有的东西都能用钱买到。本题考查特殊句式“祈使句and/or陈述句”，该句型中如果用and连接，祈使句相当于if引导的条件从句；如果两个分句用or连接，祈使句相当于：If.not.。本句题干可改为：If you read this story，you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.综上所述，答案为B项。,6Mike w
26、as usually so careful，_ this time he made a small mistake.Ayet Bstill Ceven Dthus答案 A 句意：Mike通常都很小心，然而这次，他犯了一个小错误。因为句子之间有转折关系，所以选A项yet。still还是，仍然；even甚至；thus因此。,7At school，some students are active _ some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.Awhile Balthough Cso Das答案 A 句意：在学校里，有些学生很
27、活跃，而有些很害羞，但是他们互相能成为很好的朋友。本题考查连词。while表示两者的对比，符合语境。although虽然，引导让步状语从句；so因此，表示因果关系；as由于，当时，引导原因状语从句或者时间状语从句。,8You have to move out of the way _ the truck cannot get past you.Aso Bor Cand Dbut答案 B 句意：你必须要让开路，否则卡车无法通过。本题考查并列连词。so因此；or否则，要不然；and but但是。根据句意可知答案。,9Someone wants you on the phone._ nobody k
28、nows I am here.AAlthough BAnd CBut DSo答案 C 句意：有人打电话找你。可是没人知道我在这儿呀。本题考查连词。由答语nobody knows I am here可知，上下文句子间为转折关系，故答案为C项。,10Find ways to praise your children often，_ youll find they will open their hearts to you.Atill Bor Cand Dbut答案 C 句意：设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。本题考查“祈使句and含一般将来时的分句”这一用法。此句型表示：做，
29、这样你就会。而“祈使句or含一般将来时的分句”则表示：做，否则你就。,11Technology has quickened the rate _ we communicate with the world around us.(2013江苏南通一模，22)Afor which Bat whichCto which Dwith which答案 B 句意：技术加快了我们与周围世界交流的速度。本题考查定语从句。先行词是rate，rate与at搭配构成at the rate，代入定语从句为：We communicate with the world around us at the rate.故选B项
30、。,12In todays class，our teacher will ask us to talk about the things and people _ we think are the most important in our life.(2013江苏苏北三市一模，30)Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat答案 C 句意：在今天的课上，我们老师会让我们谈论在生活中我们认为是最重要的人和事。本题考查定语从句。先行词是things and people，既有人又有物，关系代词只能用that，故选C项。,13Time is of no importance to great
31、thoughts，_ are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds ages ago.(2013江苏苏、锡、常、镇一模，22)Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwhere答案 C 句意：对于伟大的思想来说时间没有任何的重要性，这些思想在多年前第一次在它们的作者头脑中闪过的时候和现在一样新鲜。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是great thoughts，which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词，which在从句中作主语。,14The story showed marriages be
32、tween people of different races，_ were against the law at that time.(2013江苏盐城二模，31)Awho BwhichCwhoever Dwhichever答案 B 句意：这个故事诉说了不同种族的人之间的婚姻，这样的婚姻在那时是违法的。本题考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词marriages between people of different races，which 在从句中作主语。,15You should realize the fact that when you graduate fro
33、m university，you are still not prepared for the possible situations _ we may face in the working world.(2013江苏苏、锡、常、镇二模，30)Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhat答案 C 句意：你应该认识到这个事实，当你大学毕业的时候，你仍没有为你在职场可能会遇到的情况做好准备。本题考查定语从句。先行词是situations，从句是we may face.，face后缺少宾语，故选C项。,16Confused _ she was，the teenage girl still fi
34、nished the whole performance.(2013江苏扬州一模，34)Aas Bwhen Cwhile Dif答案 A 句意：尽管很迷惑，但这个小女孩还是完成了整个表演。本题考查让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序，即从句的表语、状语、动词原形置于句首，若表语是可数名词单数时，要省略前面的冠词，故选A项。when当时候；while也可以引导让步状语从句，但是应用while she was confused这一结构；if如果。,17Generally，senior citizens enjoy their freedom and they prefer to liv
35、e on their own _ they can.(2013江苏南通一模，34)Aas long as Bas far asCnow that Deven though答案 A 句意：一般来说，老年人喜欢自由，只要他们能够，他们喜欢独自生活。本题考查条件状语从句。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。as far as直到，远达；now that既然，引导原因状语从句；even though尽管，即使，引导让步状语从句。,18_ jokes are likely to contribute to a pleasant atmosphere，youve got to be ca
36、reful not to hurt others.(2013江苏苏北三市一模，33)AAs BWhile CSince DUnless答案 B 句意：尽管玩笑有可能有利于营造愉快的氛围，你还得当心，不要伤害其他人。本题考查让步状语从句。根据句意，从句和主句之间存在转折关系，故选while“尽管”。as由于，当时候，引导原因和时间状语从句；since自从，既然，引导时间或原因状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句。,19When I graduated from high school，my family had a business _ I never thought about get
37、ting a college education.(2013江苏盐城二模，22)Aso BorCthough Dsince,答案 A 句意：当我高中毕业的时候，我家做生意，因此我从来没想到过上大学。本题考查并列句。根据句意，前后两句之间存在因果关系，因为家里做生意，所以没想过上大学，选择so，表示因果关系。or否则，表示选择关系；though尽管，引导让步状语从句；since自从，既然，引导时间或原因状语从句。,20His ability in mathematics can be considered outstanding，_ he can figure out different approaches to a very difficult problem in just a few minutes.(2013江苏扬、泰、南一模，31)Awhile Bso Cfor Dbut,答案 C 句意：他的数学能力可以被认为是非常突出的，因为他能在几分钟内想出不同方法来解出一个非常难的问题。本题考查并列句。根据句意可知，后句是推断前句的理由，应用for“因为”，补充说明推断的理由。while然而，而，表示对比；so因此；but但是，表示转折，都不符合题意。,再见,
