1、动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。从时态上讲，动词ing形式的被动语态有一般时和完成时两种，即being done和having been done。动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语和表语；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作补语、定语和状语。 以write为例，介绍其结构：,Period Three Grammar,Speaking & Writing,一、意义 1一般时表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。She insisted on being given the hardest work.她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。 2完成时表
2、示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。,一、意义 1一般时表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。She insisted on being given the hardest work.她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。 2完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two
3、years ago.我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。,即时跟踪1 用“动词ing形式的被动语态”完成下列句子 1正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。That building _ is our library. 2被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去那儿做了演讲。_，Mr.Li went there to make a speech though he was busy. 3在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。You cant eat anything before _ 4被邀请参加晚会是我的荣幸。_ to the party is a great honor to me. 5在电视上接受采访你觉
4、得怎么样？How do you feel about _ on TV?,being repaired,Having been invited,being operated on,Being invited,being interviewed,二、功能 1主语Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience.在公共场合被嘲笑是一次非常不愉快的经历。Being exposed to the sunlight is harmful to health.在太阳下暴晒对健康有害。 2宾语I remember once being taken to t
5、he sea when I was young.我记得小时候曾被带到海边。,注意：,The house wants cleaning. 这房屋需要打扫了！ His method is worth trying. 他的方法值得一试。 want(需要)，need，require用动名词的主动式表示被动 时，也可改为用不定式的被动式表达同样的意义。,This sentence needs improving.This sentence needs to be improved.这个句子需要改改。My hair wants cutting.My hair wants to be cut.我的头发需要理
6、了。 3表语What I hate most is being laughed at in public.我最痛恨的就是被别人当众嘲笑。This question is far from being settled.这个问题远远没有得到解决。,4定语The meeting being held now is very important.现在正在召开的会议非常重要。注意：动词ing形式的被动形式表示一个被动的动作正在进行；过去分词表示一个被动的动作已经发生；不定式的被动式表示将来的一个被动的动作。a meeting being held now现在正在举行的会议a meeting held y
7、esterday昨天举行的一个会议a meeting to be held tomorrow明天将会举行的会议,5宾补He often watched the boats being unloaded.他常常看到轮船卸货。 6状语Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.被告知多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。,即时跟踪2 用所给动词的正确形式填空并写出其在下列句中 所作的成分 1_(punish)by the coach made Tom unhappy._ 2The new building _(build)is
8、 our school library._ 3_(cheat)many times，she now believes in nobody. _ 4She could not bear _(make)fun of like that._ 5Why didnt you go to see the play?_(tell)the whole story，I decided not to see it. _,Being punished,作主语,being built,作定语,Having been cheated,作状语,being made,作宾语,Having been told,作状语,动词i
9、ng形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前面加not。He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party. 没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。,三、否定形式,当动词ing形式被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)，其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动词ing形式是逻辑上的谓语。,四、动词ing形式被动式的复合结构,I am very pleased at you/your having been honor
10、ed with a medal. 很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。 The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan. 决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好的规划了。 What excited his parents is his being sent to study abroad. 令他父母高兴的是他被送往国外读书了。,即时跟踪3 1Im sorry for _(没完成)my task on time. 2I cant stand _(你浪费时间)to play such stupid gam
11、es all day. 3Miss Wang，would you mind _(我问你)a personal question? 4_(天气允许的话)，the sports meeting will be held next Saturday morning.,not finishing,your wasting time,my asking you,Weather permitting,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，_(turn)the old town into a dreamland. (2016北京)
12、2I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _(work)with students. (2016浙江) 3The lecture _(give)，a lively questionandanswer session followed. (2014江苏) 4The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without _(recognize) (2014北京),turning,working,having been given,being recognized,5Sho
13、rtly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _(reduce)to ruins，the city took on a new look. (2013江苏) 6China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _(attack)in the South China Sea. (2012福建) 7_(ask)to work overtime that evening，I mis
14、sed a wonderful film. (2012重庆),being reduced,being attacked,Having been asked,Blame and complaint 1I think you are to blame for. 2What do you mean by doing so? 3How could you.? 4Why dont you do something about it? 5Why did you come back so late? 6Thats not good enough. 7Im afraid.,即时跟踪 语法填空 Sarah：We
15、lcome to the program.This afternoon Im standing in the middle of the northern Black Forest，with Rainer Sanger. Rainer：Good afternoon，Sarah. Sarah：Rainer，youre very 1._(concern)about this area of the forest，arent you？Can you tell us why?,concerned,Rainer：Well，much of the forest 2._(wipe)out in the te
16、rrible storm last winter，3._ you can see.Many of the trees are 4._(die)，and more are dying because 5._ the damage.We believe that the government isnt doing enough right now 6._(make)this beautiful forest get into its former state. Sarah：I see.But have you spoken to the government about this? Rainer：
17、We have tried，7._ each time they say that they havent got enough money.They are always using money as the excuse.Its getting really 8._ (disappoint)!,was wiped,as/which,dead,of,to make,but,disappointing,Sarah：But its not just an excuse，is it？They clearly dont have enough money for everything and the
18、 storm was 9._ unexpected occurrence. Rainer：Of course，we appreciate that，and the point is 10._ actually we arent asking for much money.We would just like to get their guidancewe can provide volunteers to work on the forest.,an,that,抱怨信，也叫投诉信，属于书信的一种，是投诉者因对所购买的某种商品或某项服务不能达到自己的要求而向有关部门或个人写的正式信件。在信中要写
19、出自己的不满之处，也可提供一些解决方案，希望相关部门或个人采取一定的合理措施帮助解决。,【文体指导】,1投诉信的结构投诉信一般分为三个部分：开头段：提出投诉内容。说明与收件人的关系，点出写作的意图。主体段：说明具体情况。写明投诉的原因、问题的经过及产生的后果。结束段：提出解决办法。表达希望上述问题得到尽快解决的强烈愿望，对于有关人员做出努力表示感谢，并希望尽快得到满意的答复。,2确定文体、时态、人称。(1)文体：投诉信。写投诉信要语气坚定，要证明责任确实在对方；最后要明确问题出在哪儿及你的具体要求，还可说明由此给你带来的不便或伤害，以加强投诉的力量。(2)文体时态：主要使用一般过去时，兼用一般
20、现在时态。(3)文体人称：第一人称。,【亮点句式】 1Its a great pity that we find there is something wrong with. 2I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration. 3I am sure there are technical or manmade errors involved. 4I hope you can make an investigation into this matter as soon as possible. 5I am writing to ma
21、ke a complaint on. 6If it is not properly settled，I would ask you to give my money back，or I would complain to the concerned authorities.,7One annoying aspect of your service is. 8I have been pleased with your services for years，but now I feel very disappointed. 9I wish to express my dissatisfaction
22、 about. 10It would be highly appreciated if you could.,假设你是李华，上个星期天去市图书馆看书时发现了一些问题。请根据下列提示，用英语给馆长写一封信，反映情况： 1新书太少； 2书架上的书比较混乱； 3管理员工作时彼此闲聊，读者无法安心看书； 4阅览室的一盏灯坏了，桌椅有些也被损坏。,【写作任务】,注意：1.词数100左右； 2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。,Last Sunday，I went to do some reading in the library.I found something
23、 unpleasant.Therefore，Id like to voice my opinions，hoping it will be of help for you to manage the library.,Dear Sir，,_ Yours， Li Hua,本文是抱怨信这一类型的应用文，书信的主题内容是向图书馆馆长反映一些问题，并希望得到解决。抱怨图书馆目前存在的问题，时态可用一般现在时，人称以第一人称为主。,【审题谋篇】 第一步 明确要求,第二步 确定段落 Para.1：引出主题 Para.2：罗列抱怨的内容 Para.3：提出建议和希望,第三步 词汇热身 1阅读，看书do som
24、e reading 2表达某人的看法voice ones opinions 3有帮助be of help 4按恰当的顺序in proper order 5集中，全神贯注于concentrate on,第四步 句式升级 1因此，我要表达我的观点，希望对你管理图书馆会有所帮助。(一般表达)Therefore，Id like to voice my opinions.I hope it will be helpful for you to manage the library.(句式升级)Therefore，Id like to voice my opinions，hoping it will be
25、 of help for you to manage the library.(现在分词作状语；be ofn.),2其次，一些书没有正确地分类，我们读者很难快速找到我们想要的书。(一般表达)Second，some books are not sorted in proper order.It makes it difficult for us readers to find what we want quickly.(句式升级)Second，some books are not sorted in proper order，making/which makes it difficult for
26、 us readers to find what we want quickly.,Last Sunday，I went to do some reading in the library.I found something unpleasant.Therefore，Id like to voice my opinions，hoping it will be of help for you to manage the library. First，there are not enough new books on the shelves，and most of the books are no
27、t popular today.Second，some books are not sorted in proper order，making it difficult for us readers to find what we want quickly.Third，the assistants dont offer good service.They are chatting while the readers,【连句成篇】,Dear Sir，,are reading quietly，which makes it difficult for us readers to concentrat
28、e on books.Moreover，there is something wrong with one of the lights as well as some desks and chairs.As it is，I am afraid there will be fewer and fewer readers. So，as a reader，I suggest that you make some necessary changes as soon as possible so that the library can benefit more people. Yours， Li Hua,
