1、抓住出题点,搞定托福听力 lecture朗阁海外考试研究中心众所周知，托福听力是四科当中最难搞定的，也是最重要的。对于很多学生来说，托福听力的 lecture 又长又乏味，很难全部理解。即使很多同学在练了一段时间的听抄，基本能听懂文章的大意后，做题正确率还是不太理想。经常听到学生在那喃喃自语， “我已经听懂文章的大意了啊，为什么还是会错呢”， “听第二遍的时候一下子就听出来了啊”。其实这个时候，同学们的听力水平已经没有问题了，问题在于抓不到文章的结构脉络，也就是说能听懂文章的大意，对于文章的细节很容易遗漏。下面，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将帮助考生们解析如何在听听力的时候预测出题点并且准确的抓
2、住出题点，提高托福听力的正确率。一、托福听力 lecture 出题点总结根据考试规律和多年的教学经验，朗阁专家总结出托福听力讲座出题点一共有以下几个： 文章开头 转折 on the one hand, on the other hand; first, then; some, others 等。所以在听到这些提示词时，一定要认真听，而且要记下来。列举通常对应多选题，根据近年来托福听力的考试趋势，多选题出现频率越来越高，所以一定要重视听力中出现的列举。举例，通常会出现一个不同于文章主旨大意的内容，这时一定要记住这个例子。举例对应功能题，所以在出现“for example”， “for insta
3、nce”， “such as”， “like”等词时要注意例子的具体名称是什么，这样在听力题目中一旦出现例子至少不会觉得陌生，而且能够根据笔记快速回忆起对应的听力中的内容，准确答出题目。转折&强调&语气变化处转折即文章中出现转折的地方，常见的对应标志词有“however，but，while，yet”等。听力过程中可能会出现很多这种转折标志词，但并不是每个转折的地方都会出题，但是基本会有一道题目和转折相关，所以为了保险起见，建议同学们每一个转折点都认真听，然后记下来。强调&语气变化处，相对于转折来说标志词没那么明显，所以在听力过程中很容易被忽略。强调的标志词有 in fact，actually，
4、really 等。演讲者在讲这些词的时候一般都会放慢语速，所以强调和语气变化经常一起出现，因此同学们在听力时要特别注意。因果关系与转折一样，因果关系是听力中常见考点。主要的标志词有 because，so ，lead to，therefore 等。因此这些地方也是大家听力时需要特别注意，记录的地方。学生提问学生提问的标志非常明显，所以大家在听到提问的时候最好在草稿纸上做出标记，要记得这个地方有学生提出了问题。学生提问一般会考到两个方面：一是会考到重听题，会问学生的态度，比如学生说这句话是什么意思；而且会考老师给出的回答。所以要听清楚学生提出的问题以及学生说话的态度暗含的潜台词，同时又要听出老师的
5、回答。下面以托福 TPO 1-Part 1-Lecture 1 为例解释如何预测出题点。Professor:Ok, Im going to begin this lecture by giving your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I want you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to a
6、ttend is coming up. Its already started in fact, but itll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment. The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzens work may be unfamiliar to you since shes a relatively young artist. Bu
7、t shes got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists weve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzens style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So youve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art h
8、istory courses. So who can just sum these up?Student:Well, Impressionism started in the late 19th century. Um the basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didnt depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly,
9、 and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.Professor:Good. What else? What were the subjects?Student:Well, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, uh, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.Professor:Good. So when y
10、ou go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. Its a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzens style. Its an outdoor scene, an everyda
11、y scene. Its kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors arent quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well an unnatural pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak winter
12、 day on a farm. So thats the impressionist side of her work.Oh, and speaking about farms, that reminds me. One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it
13、 was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her workthat it ga
14、ve her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too.So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzens work?Student:Um real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuf
15、f, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.Professor:Good. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You will notice that the womans face is so realistic looking that its almost like a photograph. The womans nose is a little less than perfect and her
16、 hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then, the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes, and, its all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there are vibrant co
17、lors. Theres lots of orange, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out.I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story. But heres a little bit about Rose Frantzens life anyway. She attended art school, but was told b
18、y one of her instructors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of cour
19、se, its not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had to paint other peoples portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, Frantzen is doing extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the co
20、untry. So I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that. But whats important is that you keep at it that you dont give up. Thats what is really important to remember.文中用红色部分标出的是我们之前总结的考点预测的地方，也就是需要特别注意听，特别注意记录的地方。下面我们看一下题目，看这些点是不是涵盖了所有的题目。6. What is
21、the purpose of the lecture? To explain the difference between two artistic styles To describe a new art gallery to the class To introduce an artists work to the class To show how artists styles can evolve over time7. What does the professor say about Frantzens painting of a farm scene? It resembles
22、a photograph It may be Frantzens best known painting It was painted in the Impressionist style It was painted while Frantzen lived abroad8. Why did Frantzen go to the Sales Barn? To study human form and movement To earn money by painting portraits To paint farm animals in an outdoor setting To meet
23、people who could model for her paining9. What does the professor imply about the painting of the young woman surrounded by pumpkins? It was painted at an art fair It combines Impressionism with Realism It convinced Frantzen that she was a good illustrator It was originally meant to be used in an adv
24、ertisement10. Why does the professor discuss Frantzens difficulties as a young painter? He wants to point out mistakes that young artists commonly make He thinks her example can inspire the students in their own lives Her difficulties remind him of the difficulties he himself experienced as a young
25、girl Her difficulties are the subject of some of the paintings in the gallery that the students will visit11. What does the professor imply when he says this? The students can understand Frantzens art without knowing about her life The students should pay very close attention to what he is going to say Some of his students are already familiar with Frantzens life story Some of his students may not appreciate Frantzens work文中阴影部分是正确答案出现的地方。可以从文中清楚的看到我们提前预测的出题点涵盖了所有的题目答案。因此同学们在复习的时候当听力基本功已经扎实的时候，可以从这个方面来提高正确率。
