1、第 5 课时 形 容 词中考对形容词的考查重点主要集中在比较等级、对形容词词义的理解以及形容词辨析。形容词的考查比较广泛,在单项选择、词汇运用、完形填空、任务型阅读题中都有可能出现,重在考查形容词的理解和运用。预计 2016 年中考的重点是考查形容词的理解和运用。形容词用来修饰名词,表示名词的属性。一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语。形容词比较级和最高级的构成:1. 规则变化构成方法单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加 er 或 est。如:talltallertallest;longlongerlongest;youngyoungeryoungest以字母 e 词尾
2、的形容词,加 r 或 st。如:nicenicernicest以重读闭音节结尾的形容词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这一字母,再加 er或 est。如:bigbiggerbiggest;hothotterhottest;thinthinnerthinnest单音节词和少数双音节词以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词,先把 y 变为 i,再加 er 或est。如 :earlyearlierearliest;easyeasiereasiest;happyhappierhappiest案例 (2015山东滨州261 分)Tom,are you boy in your class? No,but John
3、 is. Im shorter than him.A. the tallest B. the shortest C. the youngest D. the oldest【解析】本题考查形容词最高级的用法。由比较范围“in your class”判断,名词boy 之前应该用形容词最高级来修饰。【答案】 A2. 不规则变化有少数形容词的比较级和最高级形式变化是不规则的。对这几个形容词要熟记。good/wellbetterbest;bad/illworseworst;many/muchmoremost;littlelessleast;oldolderoldest;oldelder(较年长的)eld
4、est(最年长的);far farther(较远)farthest(最远);farfurther(进一步) furthest(最大程度)比较等级的特殊用法和注意点表示甲在某方面超过乙时,通常用“形容词、副词比较级+than”这个结构;三种或三种以上的人或物比较时,通常用“形容词、副词最高级”;表示甲在某方面和乙相同时,通常用“as+形容词/副词原级 +as”结构。(一)两者之间的比较 两者之间进行比较时,通常用比较级; 口语中常用最高级。如:She is the youngest of the two daughters. 她是两个女儿中最小的。Of the two pictures,the
5、old one is the expensive. 在两幅画中,旧的那一幅比较贵。注意点:(1)当两者之间进行比较, 而且比较范围用 of 短语时 ,比较级前面要加定冠词the。如:He is the fatter of the two brothers.在两个兄弟中,他是比较胖。(2)当两种事物比较多与少时,如果两种事物是可数名词进行比较,而且表示一种比另一种少时,要用句型 “fewer+可数名词+than”结构;如果是不可数名词进行比较,要用句型“less+ 不可数名词+than” 结构。反之,表示一种比另一种多时 ,不管是可数名词还是不可数名词,都要用 “more+可数名词/ 不可数名词
6、+than ”结构。如:He joins fewer clubs than I. 他加入的俱乐部比我少。He has more free time than I. 他的空余时间比我多。(二)比较级的重复使用比较级的重复使用通常有“get+比较级+比较级”和“ the+比较级,the+ 比较级”两种句型结构。前者表示“越来越”;后者表示“越,越”。如:The more exercise you take,the healthier you will be. 你越锻炼,就越健康。注意点:多音节形容词、副词比较级的重迭使用时, 只重复 more。如:Beijing is getting more a
7、nd more beautiful. 北京变得越来越美丽。(三)用比较级结构代替最高级1. “形容词、副词比较级 +than+any other+单数名词”或“形容词、副词比较级+than+anyone/else”结构。如:John is taller than any other boy/anyone else in his class. 约翰是他的班级个子最高男孩。(=John is the tallest boy in his class.)2. 用 “形容词、副词比较级+than+any+单数名词”结构。如:Shanghai is bigger than any city in Jia
8、ngsu. 上海比江苏任何城市都大。注意点:用比较级结构代替最高级时要注意比较对象的不同。一般情况下,比较的双方必须是同类, 要用 other/else 把自身从被比较的另一方区分出来。other 用于名词之前;else 用于 anyone/everything/nothing 等代词之后;比较双方不是在同一范围内时 ,则不用other/else。如:She stayed here longer than anyone else.她待在这儿的时间比任何人都长。四、用比较级结构表示同级比较的否定句同级比较的否定句可以用比较级来表示。如:Peter is taller than Amy. 艾米没有
9、彼特个子高。 (=Amy is not as tall as Peter. )注意点:(1)同级比较中的形容词是 same 时, 通常用定冠词 the 代替 as,即用“the same as 结构”。如:His score is the same as mine. 他的得分和我的一样多。(2)同级比较中的形容词修饰单数可数名词时,应该注意不定冠词的位置。如:This is as good a map as any. 这是一幅与其他地图一样好的地图。案例 (2015江苏南京111 分)Do you enjoy Han Leis songs?Yes. He is the winner of Im
10、 Singer II. I cant think of anyone with a voice. A. better B. best C. more D. most【解析】本题考查形容词比较级的用法。由 cant 判断,意为比任何人都有一个更好的嗓子,不是最好 ,更多或最多的嗓子。【答案】 A(2015陕西1 分)Lucy is a(n) student;she answers the teachers questions in her class. A. more active;more actively B. active;more activelyC. more active;the m
11、ost actively D. active;the most actively【解析】本题考查形容词和最高级的用法。第一个空应该用形容词来修饰名词student;第二个空由比较范围 in her class 判断, 应该用形容词最高级。【答案】 D例 1 形容词的比较级和最高级的选择(2015天津241 分)Mo Yan is one of writers in the world. A. famous B. more famousC. most famous D. the most famous【解析】 本题考查形容词比较等级的用法。由比较范围 in the world 判断,该句是“on
12、e of+形容词最高级 +复数名词”结构。【答案】 D例 2 形容词比较级的特殊句型。(2015云南昆明1 分)Its smoggy these days. Thats terrible!Yes,I hope to plant trees. trees, air pollution. A. The more;the fewer B. the less;the moreC. The less;the fewer D. The more;the less【解析】本题考查比较级特殊结构的用法。因为“the+ 比较级,the+比较级”是比较级的特殊用法, 树越多, 空气污染越少。空气是不可数名词,应该
13、用比较级 less 来修饰,所以排除 A、 B、C 三项。【答案】 D例 3 形容词的构成。(2015江苏南京491 分)The Bruce family had to give up camping in the Purple Mountain on such a (fog) day. 【解析】考查形容词的用法。名词之前应该用形容词来修饰。fog 的形容词应该双写辅音字母再加 y,所以填 foggy。【答案】 foggy例 4 形容词辨析。(2015山东菏泽51 分)Id love to go to the English evening. But Im a little ,because
14、I will be asked to sing an English song in front of the whole school. A. tired B. sadC. nervous D. pleased【解析】考查形容词辨析用法。tired 疲劳;sad 难过;nervous 紧张;pleased 高兴。因为“将要邀请我在全校师生面前唱英语歌,所以有点紧张”,不是疲劳、难过或高兴。【答案】 C一、 单项选择1. (2015河北311 分)How Cindy grow!Shes almost as tall as her mother now. A. cute B. strong C.
15、 fast D. straight2. (2015山东菏泽8 1 分)People who eat a balanced diet should be than those who only eat hamburgers. A. clever B. cleverer C. healthy D. healthier3. What was Jim wearing at the party?Nothing . He was in his usual shirt and jeans. A. special B. simple C. important D. interesting 4. You loo
16、k so . Whats wrong? I cant find my ID card.A. tired B. worried C. excited D. relaxed5. All the students are talking and laughing in the classroom and its . A. noisy B. lonely C. quiet D. strict二、 用所给单词适当形式填空或根据汉语提示填词1. (2015江苏南京50)Many students are (happy) with too much homework. They need more time
17、 for their hobbies. 2. (2015江苏常州441 分)It was closing time,but the (interest) tourists were still unwilling to leave. 3. (2013江苏宿迁541 分)Mother Teresa was born in Macedonia,Europe. She was the (young) of three children of the family. 4. (2013四川凉山811 分)Changjiang River is the (长) river in China. 5. (2013湖北荆门661 分)He failed his math examination because of his (care) work. 答案第 5 课时 形 容 词一、 15 C D A B A二、 1. unhappy 2. interested 3. youngest 4. longest5. careless
