1、Unit1Festivals around the world1. take place 发生；举行The Olympic Games take place every four years. 奥运会每四年举行一次。A total solar eclipse is due to take place some time tomorrow. 明天某个时刻会发生全日食。【拓展延伸】take the place of (动词短语)代替/取代in place of (介词短语)代替；交换in place 放在合适的位置；适合的，恰当的out of place不在合适的位置；不适当的in the fir
2、st place (列举理由)首先，第一点 in ones place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想take sbs place / take the place of sb代替某人的职务，取代某人【易混辨析】take place / happen / occur / come about / break outtake place往表示发生、举行、举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。happen 作发生、碰巧解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。occur 作发生、想到、突然想起解，其意义相当于 happen。come about表示发生、产生，多指事
3、情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。break out意思为发生、爆发，常指战争、灾难、疾病、火灾或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。【跟踪典例】 1. 单句改错Great changes have been taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.Some people think that robots will take the place human beings.2. 完成句子我突然想起我昨天见过他。_ I saw him yesterday.当二战爆发的时候，他还在德国。When th
4、e Second World War _, he was in Germany.我不明白你怎么会又迟到了。I didnt understand how it _ that you were late again.【答案】2. It occurred to me that broke out came about/happened2. trickn. 诡计；恶作剧；花招；窍门； vt. 哄骗，欺骗。常见搭配：play a trick / tricks on sb捉弄某人trick sb into doing sth 哄骗某人做某事trick sb out of sth 骗取某人某物trick o
5、r treat 不送礼物就捣乱(万圣节前夕孩子们挨户要礼物的用语) John taught me the trick of opening a bottle of wine. 约翰教会了我打开酒瓶盖的窍门。She tricked me into paying for her meal at the restaurant. 她在饭馆里骗我替她付了饭钱。【跟踪典例】1. 完成句子They had to think of _ _ to get past the guards.他们只好想出个计谋骗过岗哨。The kids are always _ _ _ on their teacher.孩子们经常耍
6、些花招戏弄老师。He tricked me _ _ him $100.他骗我借给了他 100美元。2. 根据语境选出 trick的词性和词义A. n. 技巧；技艺 B. vt. 欺骗 C. n. 恶作剧He tricked me into taking him to the airport. _He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself. _The boy loved playing tricks on his younger brother. _【答案】1. a trick playing tricks on i
7、nto lending2. B A C3. gainvt. permits 2. smoking; to smoke8. turn up 出现；到场If she doesnt turn up before 8, we will go without her. 如果她八点前不来，我们就自己去了。We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn up. 我们请她吃饭她都不露面。【特别提醒】turn up 除了表示出现，到场外，还有开大一点；找到；朝上翻等意思。I cant hear the music. Please turn t
8、he radio up. 我听不到音乐，请把收音机开大点。Im sure your watch will turn up one of these days. 我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。He turned up his coat collar against the chill wind. 他竖起了大衣的领子来抵御寒风。【拓展延伸】turn in 上交；获得 turn to 转向，求助于turn around 转过身 turn into 变成turn over 翻转，翻过来 turn back 折回，往回走turn out 结果是，证明是；生产，制造；出席turn off 关上；(使)失去
9、兴趣turn down 拒绝；关小turn on 打开；突然攻击【典例跟踪】完成句子1. 好几个老朋友出现在聚会上。Several old friends _.2. 文件迟早会找到的。The papers _.3. 请把电视机的音量开大些好吗？Could you please _?【答案】1. turned up at the party 2. will turn up sooner or later 3. turn the TV up9. keep ones word 守信用；履行诺言He always keeps his word. 他总是信守承诺。【拓展延伸】break ones wor
10、d 失信；食言in a word 总而言之have a word with sb与某人谈话have words with sb与某人发生口角in other words 换句话说beyond words 无法用言语表达Word came that 有消息传来【典例跟踪】1. 单句填空His love and care for her is beyond _(word).Word came _ he died from an air crash.2. 根据提示语填空The other day Tom _ (和吵架) Jim because Jim _ (违背诺言), which made Tom
11、 very angry. Hearing this, I advised Jim to _ (和交谈) Tom and let him promise to _ (守信用) later.【答案】1. words that2. had words with; broke his word; have a word with; keep his word10. set off出发；动身；使爆炸。表示出发/动身去某地，要用 set off for。注意：介词 for不能丢。As a traditional way to celebrate the New Year, setting off fire
12、works is welcomed by most Chinese people. 作为一种传统的庆贺新年的方式，燃放鞭炮受到大多数中国人的欢迎。I set off for the company earlier in order to avoid the heavy traffic. 为了避开拥挤的交通，我早早地就动身去公司了。【拓展延伸】set about doing sth 开始做；着手做set aside 把放在一边；省出；留出 set out to do sth 开始做；着手做set up 建立；创办(组织)set fire to 点火；放火set down记下；写下(write/p
13、ut down)【典例跟踪】1. We have decided to _ London just after ten, do remember to see us then.A. set off B. set backC. set off for D. set back off2. (2013安徽)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they _ on their life journey.A. give up B. settle downC. ge
14、t through D. set off【答案】11. remind提醒。常见搭配：remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事remind sb that. 提醒某人/使某人想起This story reminds me of my childhood. 这个故事让我想起了我的童年。Please remind me to visit our teacher tomorrow. 请提醒我明天去拜访我们的老师。【拓展延伸】常用 vt.sbof sth/doing短语warn sb of sth 警告某人某事suspect sb of sth
15、 怀疑某人某事accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事cure sb of sth 给某人治愈某病inform sb of sth 告知某人某事【典例跟踪】1. 一句多译请提醒我要每天服三次药。Please remind me _ _ my medicine three times a day.Please remind me_ I should take my medicine three times a day.2. 完成句子The pictures _ me _ my school days.这些照片使我想起学生时代。_ me _ back to Tom.提醒我给汤姆写回信。【答案
16、】1. to take that 2. remind; of Remind; to write1. sb/sth is adj.to doAt that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 那时如果难以找到食物，人们就会挨饿，特别是在寒冷的冬季。(教材 P1)【句式分析】be difficult to find很难找到。该句使用的是sb/sth is adj.to do结构，在该句型中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。如后面的动词是不及物动
17、词，则要加上适当的介词或副词。Some people think that English is difficult to learn. 有些人认为英语很难学。This maths problem is very difficult to work out. 这道数学题很难解出来。【特别提醒】英语中，像 easy, hard, difficult, fit, heavy, light, nice, unfit, good, sweet, interesting等形容词在句中作表语或补语时，后面的动词不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。His telephone number is very eas
18、y to remember. 他的电话号码很容易记。The water in the town is not fit to drink because of the flood. 由于洪水泛滥，这个城镇里的水已不适合饮用。The box over there is very heavy to carry. 那边的那个箱子搬起来很重。【跟踪典例】翻译句子1. 这房子住起来很舒服。_2. 这篇课文很容易理解。_【答案】1. The/This house is comfortable to live in.2. The/This text is easy to understand.2. as th
19、oughThe country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. (节 日 里 )整 个 国 度 到 处 是 盛 开 的 樱 花 ， 看 上 去 就 像 是 覆 盖 了 一 层 粉 红 色 的 雪 。 (教 材 P2)【语法知识】as though/if意为仿佛；好像，可引导表语从句，也可引导方式状语从句，在此引导的是表语从句。as though/if后面的从句可用虚拟语气，表示一种假设或不太可能发生的事。当从句表示与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，be
20、动词用 were；当从句表示与过去事实相反时，其谓语动词用had过去分词；若从句表示将来的可能性不大时，则用should/would/could/might动词原形。It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么对我讲话好像是我干的呢？ Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it happened yesterday. 伊 莱 扎 确 切 地 记 得 一 切 ， 好 像 那是 昨 天 发 生 的 。【跟踪典例】
21、单句改错1. Dont handle the vase as if it is made of steel.2. Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him even if he had done something very clever.【答案】1. is改为 were 2. even 改为 as3. it 作形式主语It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 显而易见，咖啡馆的经理正在等待李方
22、离开(教材 P7)【句式分析】句子中的 It作形式主语，其后的 that从句才是真正的主语。it 作形式主语，没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾，从而避免句子头重脚轻，使句子显得匀称。【语法知识】It was obvious that.句型中，it 为形式主语，that 从句为真正的主语。常用于这种结构的形容词有：clear，strange，obvious，certain，important，possible，natural，surprising，interesting，likely，unusual 等。It is possible that one of them keeps
23、a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe. 可能他们中有一个人掌管着一种银行，工人们可以把钱安全存放在那儿。It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone. 很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪儿。【拓展延伸】it 作形式主语的句型：(1)在 It is necessary/important/strange/natural/impossible/essential/a pity. that.中 ，从 句 中 的 谓 语 动 词 常 用 should 动 词 原 形 ，sho
24、uld 可省略。(2)在It is/was+ n.+doing sth句型结构中，名词通常为 fun, no good, no use等；(3)在It is/was suggested/proposed/desired+that从句中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为：should+动词原形，should 可以省略。It is suggested that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon. 建议她今天下午完成作业。 【典例跟踪】1. 单句改错There is not necessary for you to have told
25、her about the bad news.It is no good try to solve the issue between the nations by the means of war.2. 同义句改写It is necessary that he should be sent there at once.(改为简单句)_3. 翻译句子真奇怪，他竟然这么粗鲁。_【答案】1. ThereIt trytrying2. It is necessary for him to be sent there at once.3. It is strange that he (should) b
26、e so rude.情态动词(1)情态动词本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对某一动作、状态或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词的语法特征：1. 情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待或估计某事的发生，不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。2. 没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词无第三人称单数形式，也无过去形式。 3. 不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语。 4. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。 情态动词的分类：只作情态动词：must, can(could), may(might), ough
27、t to可作情态动词又可作实义动词：need, dare可作情态动词又可作助动词：shall(should), will(would)具有情态动词特征：have(had, has) to, used to情态动词的位置：情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前；疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。情态动词的特点：情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式是在情态动词后面加 not。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在和将来。情态动词没有被动语态。【特别提醒】基本助动词与情态助动词最主
28、要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。1. can的用法(1)表能力。He is only four, but he can read. 他只有 4岁，但已认得字了。【特别提醒】can 表示一贯的能力，be able to 表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力。I cant swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practice. 我不会游泳，但是经过多加练习后，我一定能游泳。 The fire spread through the hot
29、el, but everyone was able to get out. 火 势 在 旅 馆 中 蔓 延 ， 但 是 所有 人 都 能 逃 出 来 。(2)表推测，只能用于否定句与疑问句中。Can the news be true? 这个消息是真的吗？It cant be true. 这不可能是真的。【特别提醒】can 用在肯定句中表示一时的可能性。Ill hold on to the books; they can be useful. 我会保留这些书，它们有时很有用。(3)表示允许(和 may意思相近)，常见于口语。Can (May) I come in? 我能进来吗？Can I smo
30、ke here? 我能在这里吸烟吗？(4)比较委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 你能帮帮我吗？Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today. 恐怕今天我们无法给您一个答复了。2. could的用法 (1)表过去的能力。I could swim when I was only six. 我仅仅六岁的时候就会游泳了。(2)表允许。可表示委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Could I use your bike? 我能用下你的自行车吗？Yes, you can./No, you cant. 是
31、的，可以。/不，不行。(3)表推测(=may/might)，可用于肯定句中。He could be at home. 他可能在家。【名师点睛】can/could have done 本可以/本来可能已经，用于肯定句中表对过去发生的行为的可能性进行推测。I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad. 刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。You could have had a better mark. 你本来可以考得更好的。He cant have been to that town. 他不可能去过那个城镇。3. may/might 的用法
32、(1)表示请求、可以、允许，多用于肯定和疑问句中。 You may drive the car. 你可以开这辆小汽车。May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我能要一张您孩子的照片吗？【名师点睛】在回答以 may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其他方式，如 Yes, please. / Certainly. / Yes, you may /can./ Please dont. / Youd better not. / No, you mustnt. / No, you cant.(2)may /might 表推测，意为可能(用于肯定和否定句中；
33、might 比 may可能性更小；may not 可能不，can not 不可能)。He cant come. 他不会来的。He may /might (not) come tomorrow. 他可能明天(不)会来。(3)may/might as well还是的好。You may(might)as well stay where you are. 你还是原地待着的好。(4)may表祝愿。May you be happy! 祝你快乐！【名师点睛】(1)might 比 may 语气更委婉。may/might 表示推测时，表示对现在或将来要发生的事情把握不大；might/may have done
34、表示对过去发生的动作进行的可能性推测。He may have gone to the clinic. 他可能去医务室了。He might have read about the news in the newspaper. 他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。(2)may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作的可能性把握不大。They may come here tomorrow. 他们明天可能会到这里来。【特别提醒】might 可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。I asked him if I might leave. 我问他我是否可以离开。(表过去)He m
35、ight be doing his homework now. 现在他也许在做功课。(可能性更小) 4. must的主要用法(1)表示必须，多出于义务、责任或强制命令 (must 提问，否定回答用 neednt或 dont have to). We must do everything step by step. 我们必须一步步地做每一件事。Must I go tomorrow? 我明天必须走吗？Yes, please./ No, you neednt. 是的。/不是，不必。(2)表推测，含有一定之意。must 表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。 must do 对一般时的肯定推测；must be
36、doing 对现在正在进行的动作进行肯定推测；must have done 对过去发生的事情作出的肯定推测。They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money. 他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱。 He must be reading novels now. 他现在一定在看小说。The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。(3)must 的否定式有两个： neednt 或 dont have to，表示不必无须用不着不一定。当表示不应该不许可禁止时
37、，就用 must not。(4)比较 have to和 musthave to 表示客观的需要；must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我的哥哥病了，所以我不得不在半夜的时候叫医生。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事) have to 有人称、数、时态的变化，而 must只有一种形式。He had to look after his sis
38、ter yesterday. 昨天他得照顾他的妹妹。在否定结构中：dont have to 表示不必，mustnt 表示禁止。You dont have to tell him about it. 你没必要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。(5)用于发生了某种与说话人的愿望相反、不受欢迎的事时，意思是偏偏偏要。Why must you leave? 为什么你偏要走呢？Why must it rain on Sunday? 为什么偏偏在周日下雨？5. ought to 的用法should 和 ought to 都为应该的意思，可用
39、于各种人称。ought to的否定形式 ought not to可缩略为 oughtnt to。You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该吸烟太多的。Ought you to smoke so much? 你应该吸这么多烟吗？6. shall的用法(1)表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称的疑问句。意为要不要。Shall I get you some tea? 要不要我给你沏杯茶？ Shall the boy wait outside? 要不要那个男孩在外面等？(2)表说话人的意愿，有命令、允诺、警告、决心等意思，用于第二、第三人称的陈述句。You shall do as
40、I say. 你要按照我说的做。(命令)You shall have my answer tomorrow. 明天给你我的答复。(允诺)Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 没有什么能阻止我们实施此计划。(决心)(3)在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为应，必须。The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st. 该新法令将于 6月 1日开始生效。7. should的用法(1)表义务。意为应该，用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teach
41、ers. 你应该对你的老师们有礼貌。You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费一点时间。(2)表推测，意为想必一定、照说应该、估计等。They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。(3)(表示不确定)意为万一竟然。If I should see him, Ill tell him. 万一我见到他，我会告诉他的。You cant imagine such a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. 你想象不到这样一个彬彬有礼的绅士竟然会这么粗鲁地对待一位女士。【名师点
42、睛】should/ought to have done表示责备或批评，意为本应该但，ought to的语气更强烈，用于否定则表示本不该但。You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. 你应该早点告诉她实情的。She shouldnt have left without saying a word. 本来应该给她说一声的。8. will/would(1)表示意愿，will 表示现在的意愿，would 表示过去的意愿。 Go where you will. 去你想去的地方吧。She asked if I would go with the
43、m. 她问我愿不愿意和他们一起去。(2)表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will 和 would均可用，would 此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气。 Would Sunday night suit you? 你周日晚上可以吗？Will / Would you please post the letter for me? 你可以为我寄信吗？(3)表示习惯和倾向性。will 表示现在的习惯，would 表示过去的习惯 (=used to do)。 Oil will float on water. 油会浮在水面上。When he was a child, he would oft
44、en go skiing. 孩提时，他常常去滑冰。(4)表示推测。will 用于谈论现在，would 可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉)。 Ask him. He will know. 问他，他应该知道。Every family would have some sort of trouble. 家家有本难念的经。I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想着到现在你应该已经做完了。【名师点睛】(1) Will /Would you do? 表请求、意志、愿望、决心。If you will help me with my Englis
45、h, I will be very happy. 如果你愿意帮我学英语，我将非常开心。I promised that I would do my best. 我承诺将尽力。(2)would可表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为总是，总要；used to表过去常常(现在已没有这种习惯)，且 used to 可与状态动词连用，而 would不可以。He used to be a quiet boy. ( ) He would be a quiet boy. ( ) 续写故事续写是一种比较常见的给材料作文， 就是根据所提供的材料，按照一定的提示，从已有的条件出发，去推想故事发展过程中可能出现的情况，
46、展开合理、充分的想象，构思适当的情节，紧扣所供材料，写成一篇完整的文章。续写训练有助于培养学生的想象能力、创造思维能力和语言表达能力。一、续写的分类 常见的续写方式有两种：一种是根据一篇文章的主要内容和基本情节接着写下去，这是一种读写结合的续写方式，往往要求写出一篇有所发展、情节不同的新故事来。新故事与原来的故事情节有一定联系，新故事的中心思想可以是原来的，也可是以是新的中心思想。另一种方式是给文章开头续写情节或续写文章结尾，由于是续写片段，一般不必长篇大论。这类续写，要求在理解原文的主要内容和中心思想的基础上展开想象，对原文内容进行补充，力求使所写的文章与原文保持一致。二、续写的写作要求 1. 在读懂原文的基础上，以原文的结局
